ὑπό: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], Prep. with [[genitive]], dat., and acc.: Aeol. [[ὐπά]] Alc.39; Boeot. [[ὑπά]]<br><span class="bld">A</span> Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 14 Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. hυπύ only in ''IG'' 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. [[ὁπύ]] ''Schwyzer'' 664.15,21 (Orchom.Arc., iv B.C.); in Ep. [[ὑπαί]] (also B. 12.139): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑπαὶ πόδα Il.2.824, ὑπαὶ δέ 3.217, 11.417, 12.149, ὑπαὶ δείους 10.376, 15.4); elsewhere (before <b class="b3">λ ν ρ ϝ</b>) it is weakly attested as [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for ὑπὸ (◡ -), e.g. <b class="b3">ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ὑπαὶ) λιπαροῖσι Il.2.44, al.; but <b class="b3">ὑπαὶ νεφέων</b> is given by most codd. in Il.15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon. ap. Plu.2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικα ''h.Merc.''165, [[ὑπαιφοινίσσω]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A.''Ag.''892,944,1164 (lyr.), ''Eu.''417, S.''El.'' 711,1418 (lyr.), ''Inach.'' in ''PTeb.''692 ii5 (lyr.), E.''El.''1188 (lyr.), Ar. ''Ach.''970 (paratrag.). (With [[ὑπό]] ([[ὕπο]]) cf. Skt. úpa '[[towards]], [[near to]], etc.', Goth. uf 'under'.)<br><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GENITIVE,<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], with Verbs of motion, [[from under]], <b class="b3">αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑπὸ ζόφου</b> they will rise again [[from under]] the [[gloom]], Il.21.56; ὑπὸ χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε Hes.''Th.''669; ῥέει κρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους Od.9.141, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''230b; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑπὸ βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν Il.19.17; <b class="b3">ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν</b> [[from under]] the storm-cloud, B.12.139; especially of rescuing [[from under]] another's [[power]], after the Verbs <b class="b3">ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν</b>, Il.9.248, 13.198, 17.224,235; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς [[from the consequences of]], 23.86; also <b class="b3">ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ</b> [[from under]] the [[yoke]], 8.543, Od.4.39; <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην</b> I loosed myself [[from under]] the [[ram]], 9.463; <b class="b3">σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν</b>, i.e. was [[born]], Pi.''N.''1.35, cf. ''O.''6.43; rarely in Trag., ὑπὸ πτερῶν σπάσας [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''441; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑπὸ σκηνῆς πόδα Id.''Hec.''53; once in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑπὸ τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8; αἴ τις ὑπὸ τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ ''SIG''47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. [[ὑπέκ]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> of the object [[under]] which a thing is or is placed, [[under]], [[beneath]], with collat. sense of motion, as <b class="b3">μοχλὸν ὑπὸ σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς</b> thrust it [[in under]] the [[embers]], Od. 9.375; ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τυχήσας Il.4.106; τοὺς μὲν ὑπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν Hes.''Th.''717: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο Il.3.372; βάθιστον ὑπὸ χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14; ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ χθονός Od.11.52; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑπὸ χθονός A.''Th.''588; ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέλη Pi.''O.''2.83; νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιο Il.16.347; τὰ ὑπὸ γῆς δικαιωτήρια [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''249a; δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτειν E.''Hec.''342; <b class="b3">φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο</b> ib.762: Thom.Mag.p.375 R. says that [[ὑπό]] = [[under]] takes gen. in Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; <b class="b3">κατακρύψας ὑπὸ κόπρου</b>, which is [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Od.9.329 for <b class="b3">ὑπὸ κόπρῳ</b>, is called by Eust.1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑπὸ κόλπου ἢ [[ὑπὸ μάλης]] (v. [[κόλπος]], [[μάλη]]); but in Att. Prose, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], and the Koine [[ὑπό]] c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. <b class="b3">ὑπὸ γῆς;</b> it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and [[NT]]; X. has [[ὑπὸ ἁμάξης]] ( = [[from under]]) ''An.''6.4.22,25; the Orators have only [[ὑπὸ μάλης]], Lys.''Fr.''54, D.29.12; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ γῆς</b> is found in Pl.''Ap.''18b, ''Mx.'' 246d, ''R.''414d, al., [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''352b6, al., Hipparch.2.2.45, Plb.18.18.10 (ὑ. τῆς γῆς), 21.28.3,10.<br><span class="bld">b</span> metaph., <b class="b3">ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ</b> [[under]] his [[rule]], Od.19.114.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς Il.3.436, cf. 4.479; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ' Ἕκτορος 17.428; <b class="b3">εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι</b> 1.242; τὸν . . τοκέα ὑπὸ τοῦ . . παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.137; οἵαις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''308, cf. ''Th.''7, al.; πέλεκυς . . ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος Il.3.61; ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν . . φοβέοντο . . ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ' ἐχθρῶν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''1042 (anap.); ὑπὸ τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες Th.1.77; ἐκπεσόντες ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους Id.4.66; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑπὸ Συρακοσίων Id.6.5; ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν Id.4.64; <b class="b3">κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους . . τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως</b> we have been called shameful names [[by]]... [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1321; <b class="b3">κακῶς ὑπὸ τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν</b> to be ill spoken of [[by]]... Isoc.4.77, cf. Pl.''Hp.Ma.''304e, X.''An.'' 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, <b class="b3">ὑπὸ κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.98, E.''Alc.''737, cf. Th.6.32; ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων . . πορεύεται S.''Tr.''391; ὑπὸ ἀγγέλων πέμπων Pl.''Phlb.''66a: sometimes with a verbal Subst., <b class="b3">τὸ ὑπὸ νόμου ἐπίταγμα</b> (i.e. [[ἐπιταττόμενον]]) Id.''R.''359a; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο A.''Th.''1029; ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.34; ἡ ὑπὸ πάντων τιμή Id.''Cyr.''3.3.2; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑπὸ ὑέος Pl. ''R.''378d; so <b class="b3">ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑπὸ στύγους</b>( = [[οὐ τετρωμένον]]) prob. in A.''Ch.'' 532.<br><span class="bld">2</span> also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, <b class="b3">ὅθ' ὑπὸ λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι</b> hasten driven on [[by]] them, Il.13.334; <b class="b3">ὑφ' Ἕκτορος . . φεύγοντες</b> fleeing [[before]] him, 18.149, χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος 13.153, cf. 7.64, 11.119,424, Od.5.320, 7.263, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑπὸ λῃστῶν X.''HG''5.1.5; <b class="b3">ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑπὸ τινῶν</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.78, A.''Eu.''99; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑπὸ τῶν ἱππέων Th.7.78, cf. Ar.''V.''1084.<br><span class="bld">3</span> freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου Th.7.77; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς ''IG''42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑπὸ τραυμάτων [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''142b; ὑπὸ δόρατος πλαγείς ''IG''42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ἔχιος φῦμα</b> ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ἰάθη ὑπὸ ὄφιος</b> ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑπὸ σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου Aen.Tact.20.4: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ' ὑπὸ χάρματος ''h.Cer.'' 371; <b class="b3">ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο</b>, A.''Ag.''541,587; μαίνεται . . ὑφ' ἡδονῆς S.''El.''1153; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il.10.376; ὑπὸ δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.85, cf. Th.6.33; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν Id.4.66; ὑπὸ κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.129; ὑπ' ἄλγους A.''Eu.''183; ὑπ' ὀργῆς Ar.''V.''1083; ὑπὸ λύπης [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1073: hence [[ὑπό]] is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας</b> [[from]] courage, i.e. [[impel]]led [[by]] [[courage]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.1; ὤρυσσον ὑπὸ μαστίγων Id.7.22, cf. 56; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ' ὑπὸ χειρὸς ἐμᾶς</b> [[by]] my agency, S.''Ph.'' 1118 (lyr.); <b class="b3">αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκας</b> not [[under]] compulsion, ''GDI''5128.5 (Vaxos).<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[ὑπό]] freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑπὸ Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς Il.4.276, cf. 16.591, etc.: sometimes with part. added, <b class="b3">ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν</b> [[at]] their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. 18.220.<br><span class="bld">5</span> of [[accompanying]] [[music]], to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦ Hes.''Sc.''281, cf. 278; ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆρος Archil.123, cf. Thgn.825, Charon ''Fr.''9; πίνειν ὑπὸ σάλπιγγος [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''1001: generally, of anything [[attendant]], <b class="b3">δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον</b> [[by]] [[torchlight]], Il.18.492, cf. E.''Hel.''639 (lyr.), ''Ion''1474 (lyr.); καταθάψομεν . . ὑπὸ κλαυθμῶν A.''Ag.''1554 (anap.); ὑπ' εὐκλείας θανεῖν E.''Hipp.''1299; εἴσειμ' ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''970; <b class="b3">ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι</b> offer a [[sacrifice]] [[accompanied by]] it, S.''El.''630; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι</b> [[by]] [[lantern]]-[[light]], X.''Lac.''5.7; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά</b> in or [[with]] [[solemn]] [[procession]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.45, cf. Ar.''Th.''1030; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ βίης βήξας</b> [[cough|coughing]] [[with]] [[violence]], [[violently]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.107; <b class="b3">ἐτόξευον ὑπὸ μαστίγων</b>, i.e. they [[shot]] and [[lash]]ed, X.''An.''3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1.<br><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ὑπὸ Ἑλλανοδικᾶν</b>, = [[ἐπί]] c. gen., ''SIG''171 (Olympia, iv B.C.).<br><span class="bld">7</span> Math., <b class="b3">ἡ ὑπὸ ΘΔΗ</b> the [[angle]] ΘΔΗ (= ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη [[γωνία]]), Procl. ''Hyp.''2.26; but also <b class="b3">τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ</b> the [[rectangle]] contained by ΑΓ, ΓΒ, = ΑΓ χ ΓΒ, Euc.2.4.<br><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑπὸ οἴνου</b> [[laden with]] [[wine]], Pap. in ''Hermes'' 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2.<br><span class="bld">B</span> WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in [[LXX]] (''Jb.''12.5 is dub. l.) or [[NT]], not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position [[under]], ὑπὸ ποσσί Il.2.784, al.; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ</b> ib.307, cf. 18.558; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ</b> [[at]] its [[foot]], 2.866, cf. Od.1.186; Βερύσιοι ὑπὸ τῇ Ἴδῃ ''IG''12.191.11, cf. 373.118, al.; ὑπὸ τῇ ἀκροπόλι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.105; <b class="b3">τῶν θανόντων ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ</b> [[under]] its [[wall]]s, E.''Hec.''764, cf. A.''Ag.''860; πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ' ἰωγῇ Od.14.533; ὑπὸ τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''350b27; ὑπὸ πέτρᾳ παῖς ''IG''42(1).122.19 (Epid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ</b> ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς</b> (or [[Λῆνος]]) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); στρουθοὶ ὑπὸ τῇ τραπέζῃ ''Michel'' 832.33 (Samos, iv B.C.); ὑπὸ τῇ μασχάλῃ Hp.''Art.''11; χέλυν δ' ὑπὸ μασχάλῃ εἶχεν ''h.Merc.''242; ὑπὸ ταῖς μασχάλαις [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''688b5,14; <b class="b3">ὁ ὑπὸ τῇ γῇ ἀήρ</b> [[under]] the [[earth]], Id.''Cael.''295a28; <b class="b3">ἐὰν ὑπὸ σοὶ κατακλινῇ</b> lies [[next below]] you, Pl.''Smp.''222e; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἅρμασι</b> [[under]], i.e. [[yoked to]], the [[chariot]], Il.8.402, 18.244; εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ' αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος Plb.8.20.6 codd., cf. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1800 ''Fr.''2.36 (''Vit.Aesop.''); ὑπὸ τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν Plb.12.26a.4, cf. 13.7.9; <b class="b3">τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτοῖς σχεδίας</b> [[under]] them, on which they stood, Id.3.46.8; τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae. ap. eund.12.25.7; οἱ ὑπὸ τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam.2.31, cf. Arist.''Pr.''940a37, ''Phgn.''806b16; ὑπὸ τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες Id.''HA''491b14; ὑπὸ τῷ γενείῳ Plb.34.10.9; τὰ ὑπὸ τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero *Deff.135.12; ὑπὸ τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, <b class="b3">εἷσαν ὑπὸ φηγῷ</b> set [him] [[down under]] it, Il.5.693; ἔζευξαν ὑφ' ἅρμασιν . . ἵππους Od.3.478, cf. Il.24.782; ὑπὸ δ' ἄξοσι . . ἔπιπτον 16.378, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.1.37; δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι Il.24.644.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in such phrases as <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι</b>, 2.374,860, al.; ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δάμασσον 3.352; ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμῆναι 5.653, etc.; ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑπὸ χερσί 11.180; ὤλετο . . ὑπὸ γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος 16.489; πέπληγμαι δ' ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ A.''Ag.''1164 (lyr.); ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ' ἀνδράσι Il.6.453; ὑπὸ τινὶ κτείνεσθαι 16.490.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[behind]], ὑπὸ φάλαγγι Ascl.''Tact.''6.1; [[under the cover of]] or [[under the protection of]], ὑπὸ τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι Aen.Tact.37.9; ὑπὸ ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις Plb. 1.57.8, 4.12.10, 16.6.1.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of the person [[under whose hand]], [[power]], or [[influence]], or the thing [[by]] or [[through which]] a thing is done, <b class="b3">ὑπ' Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο</b> fled [[before]] them, Il.11.121; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs, ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ' Ἕκτορι Il.15.637; ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης Od.13.82; βῆ . . θεῶν ὑπὸ πομπῇ Il.6.171; ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο 23.215; ὑπὸ λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών 16.384; <b class="b3">τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑπὸ τινί</b>, 2.714,728,742; ἀτῆθαι ὑπὸ τῷ μεμφομένῳ ''GDI''4994.8 (Crete); ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑπὸ τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι ''Inscr.Magn.''38.5, cf. 12,31,52.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[express]]ing [[subjection]] or [[dependence]], <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τινί</b> [[under]] one's [[power]], δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ Od.3.305, cf. Il.9.156; ὑπ' ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν Od. 7.68; <b class="b3">εἶναι ὑπὸ τισί</b> to [[be subordinate to]], [[be subject to]] them, Th.1.32; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος</b> [[under the eye of]]... Pl.''R.''391c; <b class="b3">ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ</b> have [[under]] one, [[at]] one's [[command]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.1.26; τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑπὸ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Pl.''R.''563c; ὑπὸ τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι Plu.''Cic.''44: in pregnant sense, ἵνα . . πάντα ὑπὸ Πέρσῃσι γένηται [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.11, cf. Th.7.64; ὑπ' ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.157; κινδυνεύσαιμ' ἂν ὑπὸ τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ Lys.24.6; ὑπὸ τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων Plb.18.11.4; τοὺς τραφέντας ὑπὸ τούτοις Id.6.7.2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the subordination of things coming [[under]] a class, αἱ ὑπὸ ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι Pl.''Smp.''205c; τὸ ὑπὸ ταῖς γεωμετρίαις Id.''R.''511b; ὄργανα . . τὰ ὑπὸ τῇ μουσικῇ Id.''Hp.Ma.'' 295d.<br><span class="bld">4</span> as in A. 11.5, <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον</b> [[advance]]d to the [[music]] of the [[flute-player]], Hes.''Sc.''283; <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐλῷ, ὑπὸ κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ</b>, Luc.''DDeor.''2.2, ''Alex.''19; ὑπὸ μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu.2.470e: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι . . πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od.4.402; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών</b> [[escorted by]] the [[lictor]]s, Plu.''Publ.''10; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ σκότῳ, ὑπὸ νυκτί</b>, A.''Ag.''1030 (lyr.), A.R. 1.1022, etc.; λάμπει δ' ὑπὸ μαρμαρυγαῖς ὁ χρυσός B.3.17; αἰθομένα δᾲς ὑπὸ ξανθαἵσι πεύκαις Pi.''Fr.''79; ὑπὸ φωτὶ πολλῷ προσῄει Plu.''Galb.''14; ὑπὸ λαμπάσιν ἡμμέναις Hld.10.41; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ πολλῷ στρατῷ</b> [[escorted by]] a great host, Nic.Dam.10J.; ὑπὸ δικαιοσύνῃ διαγαγεῖν τὸν βίον Pl.''Ep.''335d.—[[ὑπό]] has no sense c. dat. which it has not also c. gen.; but all its senses c. gen. do not belong to the dat.:—later [[ὑπό]] c. dat. is found as a mere [[periphrasis]] of the dat., στέφος . . αὐτὸς ὑφ' ἡμετέραις πλεξάμενος παλάμαις ''AP''5.73 (Rufin.), cf. 85 (Claudian.); λέων ὑπ' ἄκοντι τετυμμένος A.R.2.26, cf. Man.2.131.<br><span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUSATIVE, of [[place]]; to express motion [[towards and under]] an object, <b class="b3">ὑπὸ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα</b> drove them [[under]], i.e. [[into]], the cave, Il.4.279; ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Od.3.383; <b class="b3">σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμ' ὑπὸ γαῖαν</b>, i.e. shall die, Il.18.333; νέεσθαι ὑπὸ ζόφον 23.51, cf. Od.3.335; <b class="b3">κατακρύπτειν τινὰ ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν θύρην</b> [[under shelter]] of it, i.e. [[behind]] it, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.12; πάϊς ὣς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα Il.8.271; ὅκως ἔωσι ὑπὸ τὸν πεζὸν στρατὸν τὸν σφέτερον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.96; ὑπὸ τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ὁπλιτῶν τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ψιλῶν τετάχθαι Ael.''Tact.''15.2; of coming [[close up under]] a [[lofty]] [[citadel]], <b class="b3">ἤλθεθ' ὑπὸ Τροίην</b> [[up to]] T., Od.4.146; ὅτ' ἔμελλεν ὑπὸ πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος ἵξεσθαι Il.11.181; παυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθ' ὑπὸ τεῖχος ἄρειον 4.407; ὑπὸ τὰ τείχη φεύγειν Plb.1.74.11; ὑπὸ τὰς ἴλας φεύγειν Id.3.65.7, cf. 3.105.6, 11.21.5, al.; ὑπὸ ταὐτὸ στέγος εἰσελθεῖν ''GDI''3536 ''B''3 (Cnidus); πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἔλθῃ . . ὑπὸ τὴν ῥάβδον [[LXX]] ''Le.''27.32, cf. ''De.''4.11, al.; so <b class="b3">ὑπὸ δικαστήριον ὑπαχθείς, ἀγαγόντες</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.72,104 (cf. <b class="b3">ὑπάγειν ὑπὸ τοὺς ἐφόρους</b> ib.82) prob. refers to the elevated seats of the judges in court, cf. [[ὑπάγω]] A ΙΙ.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of Position or Extension [[under]] an [[object]], without sense of motion, Ἀρκαδίην ὑπὸ Κυλλήνης ὄρος Il.2.603, cf. 824, etc.; ἰκριώσασι ὑπὸ τὴν ὀροφήν ''IG''12.374.76; <b class="b3">ἐργασαμένοις τὸ ἄνθεμον ὑπὸ τὴν ἀσπίδα</b> ib.371.9; τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ τὸν λόφον καὶ τὰμ φάραγγα ''Inscr.Prien.''37.162 (ii B.C.); ἀνθέντω ὑπὸ τὸν ναὸν τᾶς Δάματρος ''IG''5(1).1498.13 (loc. inc., ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε</b> [[everywhere]] [[under]] the [[sun]], Il.5.267; ὑπ' αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο φοιτῶσι Od.2.181; τῶν ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν ἥλιον . . ἀνθρώπων D.18.270; τὰ ὑπὸ τὴν ἄρκτον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 5.10, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''362a17; οἴκησις ἡ λεγομένη ὑπὸ τὸν πόλον Gem.5.38, cf. 16.21, al.; ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν [[LXX]] ''Ex.''17.14, al., ''UPZ''106.14 (i B.C.); τὸ ὑπὸ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Th.2.17; ὁ ὑπὸ γῆν λεγόμενος εἶναι [[θεός]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.114, cf. Il.19.259; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ γῆν</b> is more freq. than <b class="b3">ὑπὸ γῆς</b> in Arist., ''Mete.''349b29, al., in Hipparch., 1.3.10, al., and entirely supersedes <b class="b3">ὑπὸ γῆς</b> in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], 2.124,125,127,148,150, 3.102, 4.195, 7.114, and Gem., 2.19, al.; it is found also in Plb.21.28.11, etc.; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ γῆν</b> the [[nadir]], opp. [[μεσουράνημα]], ''PLond.''1.98r.49, 110.33 (i/ii A.D.); also [[ἄγχε]] δέ μιν . . ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑπὸ δειρήν Il.3.371; Τρῶες . . πτῶσσον ὑπὸ κρημνούς 21.26; ἀγέροντο . . ἄλσος ὕ. σκιερόν Od.20.278; τρωφεὶς ὑπὸ τὸν ὀφθαλμόν ''IG''42(1).122.120 (Epid., iv B.C.); οὐλὴ ὑπ' ὀφθαλμὸν δεξιόν ''PCair.Zen''76.13 (iii B.C.); ὑπὸ τὸ μέρος τοῦ ἐνοφειλομένου ὑπογραψάτω ὅσον ἰδίᾳ ἔχει ''PRev.Laws'' 19.2 (iii B.C.); κείμενος ὑπὸ τὸν ὀμφαλόν Sor.1.7, cf. 67, al.; ὑπὸ τὰς πύλας ἵππων πόδες φαίνονται Th.5.10; μὴ ὑποτιθέναι κύλικα ὑπὸ τὴν κλίνην ''IG''12(5).593 ''A''21 (Ceos, v B. C.); <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὸν ὀδόν</b> ib.42(1).102.249 (Epid., iv B.C.); καταψύξατε ὑπὸ τὸ δένδρον [[LXX]] ''Ge.''18.4; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὸν λέβητα</b> ib.''Ec.''7.7(6); <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας</b> ib.''La.''3.34; εἰς τοὺς ὑπὸ πόδα χωρεῖ τόπους Dsc.5.75 (v. [[πούς]] 1.6 g); <b class="b3">ἡ ὑπὸ πόδα</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[γραμμή]]) the [[base]] of a [[triangle]], Hero *Mens.55; also <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐγὰς . . λεύσσουσαι πέπλους</b> [[holding]] them [[up to]] the light, E.''Hec.''1154; also <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὸν ὀφθαλμόν</b> [[close to]] the [[eye]], Arist. ''Pr.''874a9; ὑποκειμένης τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑπὸ τὴν Ἀττικήν Isoc.4.108; ὑπ' αὐτὴν ἐσχάτην στήλην ἔχων ἔχριμπτ' ἀεὶ [[σύριγγα]] S.''El.''720; εἰ θεωρήσειεν ὑπ' αὐγὰς τὸν ἀνθρώπειον βίον Iamb.''Protr.''8 (cf. [[αὐγή]] ''1''): of subordinate position. [[κατακλίνεσθαι]] ὑπὸ τινά Luc.''Symp.''9; <b class="b3">τίς ὑπὸ τίνα;</b> who is [[next to]] [[whom]], Onos.10.2.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Math., <b class="b3">ὁ κύβος ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν . . σφαῖραν</b> [[inscribe]]d in the [[sphere]], Papp.440.5; εἶναι ὑπὸ τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος Euc.11.29, Archim.''Sph.Cyl.''1.19; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὰν αὐτὰν γωνίαν</b> [[subtend]]ing... Id.''Aren.'' 1.20 (cj.), cf. 21; αἱ γωνίαι ὑφ' ἃς αἱ ὁμόλογοι πλευραὶ ὑποτείνουσι Euc.6.6,al.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the logical subordination of things [[under]] a [[class]], τῶν ἑτερογενῶν καὶ μὴ ὑπ' ἄλληλα τεταγμένων [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Categories|Cat.]]''1b16, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ ὑπὸ τὸ ψεῦδος τεταγμένοι</b> [[in the category of]]... Luc.''Ind.''20.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of [[subjection]], [[control]], [[dependence]], never in Hom., once in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], ὑπὸ βασιλέα δασμοφόρος 7.108; ὑπὸ σφᾶς ποιεῖσθαι Th.4.60, cf. Pl.''R.''348d, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''488a10, etc.; ἕως κα ᾖ ὑπὸ τὸν πατέρα ''Test.Epict.''3.29; ὑπὸ τιν' ἦν τῶν βασιλέων Men.340; τί δ' οὐ κρατέοντος ὑπ' ἰσχύν; Call.''Jov.''75, cf. 74; ὑπὸ Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον ''Sammelb.''5616 (i A.D.), ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''722.6 (i/ii A.D.), etc. (v. [[ἥλιος]] II.1); ὑπὸ θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον ''Michel''854.52 (Halic., iii B.C.); τοῦ τοπαρχοῦντος ὑπὸ σέ ''PCair.Zen.''322.3 (iii B.C.); στρατενσάμενον ὑπὸ ἄρχοντα Ἀντίοχον ''IG''12(1).43.7 (Rhodes); μηδὲ ὑπὸ δεσπότην ὤν [[LXX]] ''Pr.'' 6.7, cf. ''Ps.''143.2; for <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χεῖρα</b>, v. [[χείρ; οἱ ὑπὸ τινά]] [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.6,8.8.5, etc.; τοῖς ὑφ' αὑτὸν τεταγμένοις ''GDI''3750.75 (Rhodes).<br><span class="bld">III</span> of [[time]], [[in the course of]], [[during]], or to be left untranslated in English, ἐκέλευε Τοωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθ' ὕ. τήνδ' ὀλοήν Il.22.102; ὑπὸ τὴν νύκτα ταύτην [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.51, cf. 58; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὴν πρώτην ἐπελθοῦσαν νύκτα ἀπέδρη</b> Id 6.2; τῆς κολοκύνθης . . ἣ ἐγενήθη ὑπὸ νύκτα καὶ ὑπὸ νύκτα ἀπώλετο [[LXX]] ''Jn.''4.10: rarely with stress on the [[duration]], <b class="b3">πάνθ' ὑπὸ μηνιθμόν</b> [[throughout]] its [[continuance]], Il.16.202; ὑπὸ τὸν παρεόντα τόνδε πόλεμον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.60; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν τῶν κατ' Αἴγυπτον ὑπὸ ταῦτα ἑτεροιωθῆναι</b> [[during]] that [[time]], Id.2.142; ὑπὸ τὸν χρόνον ὃν οἱ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσιοι ἦρχον οἵδε ἐθεόρεον ''IG''12(8).276.4 (Thasos).<br><span class="bld">2</span> also of [[time]], [[about]], sometimes more precisely [[at]], and of events, [[about]] or [[at the time of]], <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν χρόνον ὅτε</b> . . [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''139, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.165; ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν καιρόν Plb. 11.27.4, 16.15.8; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἕνα καιρόν</b> [[at]] one time, Diog.Oen.38; ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Th.2.26; ὑπὸ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Id.1.100; ὑπὸ τὸν σεισμόν Id.2.27, cf. Plb.4.33.5, Plu.''Alex.''14; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὴν ἑωθινήν, ὑπὸ τὴν ὄρφνην</b>, Plb. 18.19.5,7; ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον ''Act.Ap.''5.21, ''Gp.''2.4.3; <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς περιπάτους ὑπὸ τὸ ψῦχος</b> in the [[cool]] of the [[morning]], Plb.5.56.10; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἓν πάντες</b> [[all at once]], [[at the same time]], Arr.''Epict.''3.22.33, cf. S.E.''M.'' 10.124, Sor.1.103, al.; <b class="b3">παιδάριον ὑπὸ τὴν ἀναπνοὴν ἑπτὰ καὶ πέντε στίχους συνεῖρον</b> in one breath, Plb.10.47.9; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἓν ἐκτρῖψαι</b> [[at]] one [[blow]], [[LXX]] ''Wi.''12.9; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ μίαν ἄρσιν καὶ θέσιν ἀνατείνοντες καὶ κατατιθέμενοι</b>, of a squad of diggers, ''Gp.''2.45.5; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ μίαν φωνήν</b> Aristeas 178; <b class="b3">πῶς γὰρ ἂν ὑπὸ τὰς αὐτὰς ἡμέρας ἔν τε τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Κιλικίᾳ . . πολεμήσειε;</b> [[at the same time]], D.C.36.35; sometimes c. part., <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα</b> [[at the time of]] its [[burning]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.51; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὴν κατάλυσιν τοῦ πολέμου</b> [[just at]] the [[end]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.8.1, cf. Plu.''Mar.''46; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ τὸν θυμὸν ἐκ χειρὸς ἐπιστρατευσαμένων</b> [[at the very time of]] their [[anger]], Plb. 2.19.10; ὑπὸ παροξυσμόν Gal.19.215; <b class="b3">παραδόντω τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσι εἰς τὸν ὑπ' αὐτὰ</b> (or [[ὕπαυτα]] as adverb = [[ἑξῆς]]) ἐνιαυτόν ''IG''9(1).694.60 (Corc., ii/i B.C.); ὑπὸ κύνα [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''547a14, Thphr.''CP''1.13.3, [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]19.109; ὑπὸ τὰς θερινὰς [τροπὰς] καὶ τοῦ κυνὸς τὴν ἐπιτολήν ''Gp.''2.6.17.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of accompaniment, ὑπὸ ὄρχησίν τε καὶ ᾠδήν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''670a; ὑπὸ αὐλὸν διαλέγεσθαι X.''Smp.''6.3 codd. (<b class="b3">ὑπὸ τοῦ αὐλοῦ</b> Cobet); <b class="b3">ὑπὸ κήρυκα</b> (v. [[κῆρυξ]] 1.3).—Compare A.11.5, B.11.4.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὄνον ἕνα ὑπὸ λαχανόσπερμον</b> [[laden with]]... Meyer ''Ostr.''81.2 (i A. D.), cf. ''PFay.''p.324 (i A.D.); ὄνοι ὑπὸ δένδρα ''BGU''362i6, al. (iii A.D.); cf. supr. A.11.8.<br><span class="bld">D</span> POSITION: ὑπό can follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe [[ὕπο]]. It is freq. separated from the Subst. by intervening words, as in Il.2.465, Od.5.320, 7.130:—[[ὑπαί]] is placed after its case in A. ''Eu.''417, S.''El.''1418, ''Inach.'' [[l.c.]], although acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.480 it cannot suffer anastrophe.<br><span class="bld">E</span> AS ADV., [[under]], [[below]], [[beneath]], freq. in Hom.; especially of young animals, [[under the mother]], i.e. [[at the breast]], Od.4.636, 21.23.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[behind]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.61: cf. C. ''1''.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[ὑπ' ἐκ]] or [[ὑπέκ]], v. [[ὑπέκ]].—In Hom. the separation of the Prep. from its Verb by tmesis is very freq., and sometimes it follows, in which case it suffers anastrophe, φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Od.9.17.<br><span class="bld">F</span> IN COMPOSITION:<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[under]], as well of rest as of motion, as in [[ὕπειμι]], [[ὑποβαίνω]], etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of the [[casing]] or [[covering]] of one thing with another, as [[ὑπάργυρος]], [[ὑπόχρυσος]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the [[agency]] or [[influence under which]] a thing is done, to express subjection or subordination, [[ὑποδαμνάω]], [[ὑποδμώς]], [[ὑφηνίοχος]], cf. [[ἐπί]] G. ''III''.<br><span class="bld">II</span> denoting what is in small degree or gradual, [[somewhat]], [[a little]], as in [[ὑποκινέω]], [[ὑποδεής]], [[ὑπόλευκος]] (so in tmesi, ὑπὸ τι ἀσεβῆ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 242d, cf. ''Grg.''493c; ὑπὸ τι μικρὸν ἐπιθήκισα Ar.''V.''1290 (lyr.)).<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[underhand]], [[secretly]], as in [[ὑποθέω]], [[ὑποθωπεύω]], [[ὑποκορίζομαι]], [[ὑπόρνυμι]].