δαίμων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=δαίμονος, voc.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[δαίμων]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1480 (lyr.), [[δαῖμον]] Theoc.2.11, ὁ, ἡ, [[god]], [[goddess]], of [[individual]] [[god]]s or [[goddess]]es, Il.1.222, 3.420, etc.; δαίμονι [[ἶσος]] 5.438; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων, of [[Φιλίη]] and [[Νεῖκος]], Emp. 59.1:—but more freq. of the [[divine]] [[power]] (while [[θεός]] denotes a [[God]] in person), the [[deity]], cf. Od.3.27; [[πρὸς δαίμονα]] = [[against the divine power]], Il.17.98; [[σὺν δαίμονι]] = [[by god's grace]], 11.792; [[κατὰ δαίμονα]], [[almost]], = [[τύχῃ]], [[by chance]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.111; τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi.''O.''8.67; [[ἄμαχος]] δαίμων., i.e. [[destiny]], B.15.23: in plural, [[ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν]], [[what the Gods ordain]], Id.16.117; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δ. S. ''OC''1443; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δαίμων Lys. 13.63, cf.Aeschin.3.111; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ [[συντυχία]]ν [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''544.<br><span class="bld">2</span> the [[power controlling the destiny of individuals]]: hence, one's [[lot]] or [[fortune]], δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. Od.5.396, cf. 10.64; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή 11.61; [[δαίμονα δώσω]] = [[I will deal thee fate]], i.e. [[I will kill thee]], I1.8.166; freq. in Trag. of [[good fortune]] or [[ill fortune]], ὅταν ὁ δαίμων εὐροῇ [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''601; δ. ἀσινής Id.''Ag.''1342 (lyr.); κοινός Id.''Th.''812; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''76; δαίμονος σκληρότης Antipho 3.3.4; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστῳ Anaxandr.4.6; personified as the [[good genius]] or [[evil genius]] of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν A.''Ag.''1569, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1194 (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 107d, cf. ''PMag.Lond.''121.505, Iamb.''Myst.''9.1; ὁ δαίμων ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς Lys.2.78; ἅπαντι δαίμων ἀνδρὶ [[συμπαρίστημι|συμπαρίσταται]] εὐθὺς γενομένῳ [[μυσταγωγός|μυσταγωγὸς]] τοῦ βίου = a [[spirit]] [[assist]]s every man from [[birth]] to be the [[leader]] of his [[life]] Men.16.2 D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id.8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. Plu.''Caes.''69; ὁ σὸς δ. [[κακός]] ibid.; ὀμνύω δέ σοι τὸν βασιλέως δαίμονα Id.''Art.''15; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. Heraclit.119; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. Arist.''Top.''112a37.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[δαίμονες]], οἱ, [[souls of men of the golden age]], acting as tutelary deities, Hes.''Op.'' 122, Thgn.1348, Phoc.15, Emp.115.5, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 392a: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ' οἷος ἔησθα τὸ [[ἐργάζεσθαι]] ἄμεινον Hes.''Op.''314; τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε, of the deified [[Darius]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''620; ῦν δ' ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ., of Alcestis, E.''Alc.''1003 (lyr.), cf.''IG''12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of [[departed souls]], Luc.''Luct.''24; [[δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν]], = [[Dis Manibus]], IG14.1683; so θεοὶ δ., ib.938, al.: also, [[ghost]], Paus.6.6.8.<br><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[spiritual being]] or [[semi-divine being]] inferior to the Gods, Plu.2.415a, al., Sallust.12, Dam.''Pr.''183, etc.; esp. [[evil spirit]], [[demon]], Ev.Matt.8.31, J.''AJ''8.2.5; φαῦλοι δ. Alex.Aphr.''Pr.''2.46; δαίμονος [[ἔσοδος]] εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, Aret.''SD''1.4; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας ''PMag.Par.''1227.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἀγαθὸς δαίμων]] = the [[Good Genius]] to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, Ar.''V.''525, Nicostr.Com.20, [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]4.3, Plu.2.655e, Philonid. ap. Ath.15.675b, Paus.9.39.5, ''IG''12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of [[Nero]], ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης ''OGI''666.3; of the Nile, ἀ. δ. ποταμός ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary [[genius]] of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου ''SIG''1044.9 (Halic.): pl., δαίμονες ἀ., = Lat. [[Di Manes]], ''SIG''1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., [[ἀγαθός]], [[κακός]] δαίμων, names of [[celestial]] [[κλῆροι]], Paul.Al.''N.''4, ''O.''1, etc. (Less correctly written [[Ἀγαθοδαίμων]], [[quod vide|q.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">B</span> = [[δαήμων]], [[knowing]], [[δαίμων μάχης]] = [[skilled in fight]], Archil.3.4. ([[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''398b, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write [[δαήμονες]] in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however [[αἵμων]]. More probably the [[root]] of [[δαίμων]] ([[deity]]) is [[δαίω]] = to [[distribute]] destinies; cf. Alcm.48.)