σχῆμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=σχήματος, τό, ([[ἔχω]], [[σχεῖν]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[form]], [[shape]], [[figure]], [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''238, Ar.''V.'' 1170, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 601a, [[Theophrastus]] ''Ign.''52, etc.; καθ' Ἡρακλέα τὸ σχῆμα καὶ τὸ λῆμ' ἔχων Ar.''Ra.''463; διερεισαμένη τὸ σ. τῇ βακτηρίᾳ Id.''Ec.''150; Ἱππομέδοντος σχῆμα καὶ μέγας τύπος A.''Th.''488: in Trag. freq. in [[periphrasis]], <b class="b3">ὦ σχῆμα πέτρας</b> = [[πέτρα]], S.''Ph.''952; σχῆμα καὶ πρόσωπον εὐγενὲς τέκνων E.''Med.'' 1072; σχῆμα δόμων Id.''Alc.''911 (anap.), cf. ''Hec.''619; <b class="b3">Ἀσιάτιδος γῆς σχῆμα</b> Id.''Andr.''1: in plural, of one person, <b class="b3">φωτὸς κακούργου σχήματ</b>' Id.''Fr.''210; <b class="b3">μορφῆς σχῆμα</b> or [[σχήματα]], Id.''Ion''992, ''IT''292, cf. ''IG''3.1417.14; τὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ σχήματος μορφήν [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''640b34 (but <b class="b3">ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ ὑπάρχων</b>, opp. <b class="b3">σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος</b>, ''Ep.Phil.''2.6 and 8); τὰ σ. καὶ χρώματα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 373b; σχήμασι καὶ χρώμασι μιμεῖσθαι Arist.''Po.''1447a19; <b class="b3">κατὰ χρόαν ἢ ὄγκον ἢ σχῆμα [τοῦ προσώπου]</b> Gal.18(2).309; <b class="b3">ὅσα παθήματα γίνεται ἀπὸ σχημάτων</b> caused by [[peculiar]] [[conformation]]s, Hp.''VM''22.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[atom]], imagined as differing from other atoms mainly in shape, ἐκ περιφερῶν συγκεῖσθαι σχημάτων Democr. ap. [[Theophrastus]] ''Sens.''65; <b class="b3">ἐκ μεγάλων σ. καὶ πολυγωνίων</b> ib.66, cf. 67,al., ''Od.''64.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[appearance]], opp. the [[reality]], <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν.. σ.</b> a [[mere]] [[outside]], E.''Fr.''25, cf. 360.27, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 365c; [[show]], [[pretence]], ἦν δὲ τοῦτο.. σ. πολιτικὸν τοῦ λόγου Th.8.89; οὐ σχήμασι, ἀλλὰ ἀληθείᾳ Pl.''Epin.''989c; <b class="b3">σχήματι ξενίας</b> [[under the show]] of... Plu.''Dio''16, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[bearing]], [[air]], [[mien]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.60; τύραννον σ. ἔχειν S.''Ant.''1169; <b class="b3">ἄφοβον δεικνὺς σ.</b> [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.4.20; <b class="b3">ταπεινὸν σχῆμα</b> ib.5.1.5; <b class="b3">ὑπηρέτου σχῆμα</b> D.23.210; τῷ σχήματι, τῷ βλέμματι, τῇ φωνῇ Id.21.72; <b class="b3">ὄμμασι καὶ σχήματι καὶ βαδίσματι φαιδρός</b> = [[with]] [[cheerful]] [[eye]]s, [[gesture]], and [[gait]], X.''Ap.''27, cf. ''Mem.'' 3.10.5; esp. [[outside]] [[show]], [[pomp]], <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς σχῆμα</b> [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''685c; [[dignity]], [[rank]], <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ σχῆμα φέρειν τι</b> in a [[manner]] not [[dignified]] or [[seemly]], Plb.3.85.9, cf. 5.56.1, Plu.2.44a, 631c, Luc.''Peregr.''25; <b class="b3">πρεσβείας σχῆμα, ἱερείας σχῆμα</b>, Aristid.1.490 J., ''Inscr.Olymp.''941; [[ἔχει τι σχῆμα]], c. inf., [[there's something to be said for]]... E.''Tr.''470, cf. ''IA''983; of the [[stately]] [[air]] of a [[horse]], X.''Eq.''1.8,7.10.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[fashion]], [[manner]], ἑτέρῳ σ. [[ζητεῖν]] Hp.''VM''2; <b class="b3">σ. μὲν γὰρ Ἑλλάδος στολῆς ὑπάρχει</b> [[fashion]] of [[dress]], S.''Ph.'' 223; σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου E.''Ba.''832, ''1 Ep.Cor.''7.31; <b class="b3">σχῆμα βίου, σχῆμα μάχης</b>, E.''Med.'' 1039, ''Ph.''252 (lyr.); <b class="b3">τούτῳ.. κατῴκουν τῷ σ.</b> Pl.''Criti.''112d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[dress]], [[equipment]], ἀρχαίῳ σ. λαμπρός [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1331; <b class="b3">βαβαιὰξ τοῦ σχήματος</b> Id.''Ach.''64, cf. X.''Oec.''2.4, Theoc.10.35, App.''BC''1.16; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς πορφύρας σχῆμα</b> = Lat. [[latus]] [[clavus]], IGRom.3.1422 (Prusias); <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ σχήματι ἱερέ[ως]</b> ib. 69.17 (ibid., cf. ''Glotta'' 14.80), cf.''Sammelb.''7449.10 (V A.D.), ''PLond.''5.1729.25 (vi A.D.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[character]], [[role]], <b class="b3">μεταβαλεῖν τὸ σχῆμα</b> Pl.''Alc.''1.135d; πάντα σχήματα [[ποιεῖν]] Id.''R.''576a; ἐν μητρὸς σχήματι Id.''Lg.''918e, cf. 859a; <b class="b3">ἀπολαβεῖν τὸ ἑαυτῶν σχῆμα</b> to [[recover]] their [[proper]] [[character]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.1.49.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[character]], [[characteristic]] [[property]] of a thing, ([[πόλεως]]) Th.6.89; πολιτείας [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Politicus|Plt.]]'' 291d; <b class="b3">βασιλείας σχῆμα ἔχει</b> [[the]] [[form]] of [[monarchy]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1160b25; τὸ σχῆμα τῆς λέξεως δεῖ μήτε ἔμμετρον εἶναι μήτε ἄρρυθμον Id.''Rh.''1408b21 (but <b class="b3">τὰ σχήματα τῆς λέξεως</b> the [[form]]s ([[mode]]s) used in [[poetry]], such as [[entreaty]], [[threat]], [[command]], Id.''Po.''1456b9); <b class="b3">τὰ τῆς κωμῳδίας σχήματα</b> its [[characteristic]] [[form]]s, ib.1448b36; <b class="b3">ἐν σχήματι νόμου</b> in [[form]] of [[law]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''718b; <b class="b3">ἐν ἀπολογίας σχῆμα</b> Isoc.15.8; <b class="b3">ἐν μύθου σχῆμα</b> [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1074b2, cf. Pl.''Ti.''22c; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς διαίτης σχῆμα</b> Gal.15.582; αἱ κατὰ σχήματα πυρετῶν διαφοραί Id.19.183.<br><span class="bld">7</span> a [[figure]] in Dancing, Ar.''V.''1485: mostly in plural, [[figure]]s, [[gesture]]s (cf. [[σχημάτιον]]), E.''Cyc.'' 221, Ar.''Pax''323, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''669d, Epigr. ap. Plu.2.732f, etc.; σχήματα πρὸς τὸν αὐλὸν [[ὀρχεῖσθαι]] X.''Smp.''7.5; <b class="b3">ἐν.. μουσικῇ καὶ σχήματα.. καὶ μέλη ἔνεστι</b> [[figure]]s and [[tune]]s, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''655a; also of [[the]] [[posture]]s of an [[athlete]], Isoc.15.183: generally, [[posture]], [[position]], Hp.''Off.''11, al., Ar. ''Ra.''538(lyr.), [[Theophrastus]] ''Lass.''3,14; of the foetus, Sor.2.55; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς κατακλίσεως σχῆμα</b> the [[patient]]'s [[attitude]] as he [[lie]]s in [[bed]], Gal.16.578, cf. 665; cf. [[σχηματίζω]] II.3.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Rhet., [[figure]] of [[speech]], Pl.''Ion''536c, Cic.''Brut.'' 37.141, etc.; [ἡ τοῦ Θουκυδίδου φράσις] πλήρης σχημάτων D.H.''Pomp.'' 5, cf. ''Amm.''2.2; for <b class="b3">σχῆμα Πινδαρικόν</b>, etc., v. Hdn.''Fig.''p.100S.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in Logic, [[figure]] of a [[syllogism]], Arist.''APr.''26b33,al., [[Theophrastus]] ''Fragmenta'' 59.<br><span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">τὸ σχῆμα τῆς λέξεως</b>, both the [[grammatical]] [[form]] of a [[sentence]], Arist.''SE'' 166b10, cf. Gal.16.709, etc.; and its [[rhythmical]] [[form]], Arist.''Rh.''l.c. supr.6, etc.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[grammatical]] [[form]] of a [[word]], Hp.''Vict.''1.23, D.T.635.21, A.D.''Pron.''17.25,al.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[geometrical]] [[figure]], Arist.''de An.''414b20, al., Onos.10.28; μονωτάτη πάντων ἀριθμῶν δυὰς σχήματος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπιδεκτική ''Theol.Ar.''7.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[phase]] of the [[moon]], Ptol.''Tetr.''21, Vett.Val. 106.28.<br><span class="bld">c</span> Astrol., [[aspect]], Plot.2.3.1, Man.3.5,212, al.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[configuration]] of [[bird]]s in [[augury]], <b class="b3">τοῖς τῶν γυναικῶν σχήμασι σῷζεσθαι</b> to be [[save]]d by the [[configuration]]s (of [[bird]]s) [[appropriate]] to [[women]], Gal.15.445.<br><span class="bld">9</span> in Tactics, [[military]] [[formation]], X.''An.''1.10.10.<br><span class="bld">10</span> = τὸ [[αἰδοῖον]] [[LXX]] ''Is.''3.17.