ἔρχομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Il.13.256, etc. (Act. [[ἔρχω]] as barbarism, Tim.''Pers.''167): impf.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἠρχόμην Hp.''Epid.''7.59, Arat.102, (δι-) Pi.''O.''9.93; freq. in later Prose, [[LXX]] ''Ge.''48.7, ''Ev.Marc.''1.45, Luc.''Jud.Voc.''4, Paus.5.8.5, etc.; in Att. rare even in compds., ἐπ-ηρχόμην Th.4.120 (perhaps fr. [[ἐπάρχομαι]]), <b class="b3">προσ-</b> ib.121 (perhaps fr. [[προσάρχομαι]]), περι- Ar.''Th.''504 cod.: from <b class="b3">ἐλυθ-</b> (cf. [[ἐλεύθω]]) come fut. ἐλεύσομαι, Hom., Ion., Trag. (A. ''Pr.''854, ''Supp.''522, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1206, ''Tr.''595), in Att. Prose only in Lys.22.11, freq. later, D.H.3.15, etc.: aor., Ep. and Lyr. ἤλῠθον Il.1.152, Pi.''P.''3.99, etc., used by E. (not A. or S.) in dialogue (''Rh.''660,''El.'' 598,''Tr.''374, cf. Neophr.1.1); but [[ἦλθον]] is more freq. even in Hom., and is the only form used in obl. moods, <b class="b3">ἐλθέ, ἔλθω, ἔλθοιμι, ἐλθεῖν, ἐλθών</b>; Ep. inf. <b class="b3">ἐλθέμεναι, -έμεν</b>, Il.1.151, 15.146 (indic. never <b class="b3">ἐλυθ-</b> unaugmented unless ἐξ-ελύθη Il.5.293 has replaced <b class="b3">ἐξ-έλυθε</b>); Dor. [[ἦνθον]] Epich.180, Sophr.144, Theoc.2.118; imper. ἐνθέ Aristonous 1.9; part. ἐνθών ''IG''9(1).867 (Corc., vi B.C.), (κατ-) ''Schwyzer'' 657.4 (Arc., iv B.C.); subj.ἔνθῃ ''Berl.Sitzb.''1927.164 (Cyrene); Lacon. [[ἔλσῃ]], [[ἔλσοιμι]], [[ἐλσών]], Ar.''Lys.''105, 118, 1081; later ἦλθα [[LXX]] ''2 Ki.''24.7, ''Ev.Matt.''25.36, ''BGU''530.11 (i A.D.), ''IG''14.1320, etc.; 3pl. ἤλθοσαν [[LXX]] ''Jo.''2.22, al., ''PTeb.''179 (ii B.C.), etc.; ἤλυθα ''IG''14.1971, [[Nonnus Epicus|Nonn.]] ''[[Dionysiaca|D.]]'' 37.424, (ἐπ-) ''AP''14.44: pf. ἐλήλῠθα (not in Hom.) [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''943, etc.; sync. pl. <b class="b3">ἐλήλῠμεν, -υτε</b>, Cratin.235, Achae.24,43; Ep. [[εἰλήλουθα]], whence I pl. εἰλήλουθμεν Il.9.49, Od.3.81, part. εἰληλουθώς 19.28, 20.360; once ἐληλουθώς Il.15.81, part. κατ-εληλευθυῖα ''Berl.Sitzb.'' 1927.166 (Cyrene); Cret. pf. inf. <b class="b3">ἀμφ-εληλεύθεν</b>, v. [[ἀμφέρχομαι]]: Boeot. pf. διεσσ-είλθεικε ''Schwyzer'' 485.2 (Thesp., iii B.C.), part. [[κατηνθηκότι]] ib.657.39 (Arc., iv B.C.): plpf. ἐληλύθειν [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1306; Ion. [[ἐληλύθεε]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.98; Ep. [[εἰληλούθει]] Il.4.520, εἰληλούθειν Call.''Fr.'' 532.—In Att. the obl. moods of pres., as well as the impf. and fut. were replaced by forms of [[εἶμι]] [[ibo]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): in [[LXX]] and Hellenistic Greek the place of the compounds, esp. [[ἐξέρχομαι]], [[εἰσέρχομαι]], is commonly taken by [[ἐκπορεύομαι]], [[εἰσπορεύομαι]], etc., the fut., aor., and pf. being supplied as before by <b class="b3">ἐλυθ-</b> (ἐλθ-):<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[start]], [[set out]], <b class="b3">ἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλὰ..Λυκάων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπέτελλε</b> when I [[was setting out]], Il.5.198, cf. 150; <b class="b3">τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς</b> a ship [[was]] just [[starting]], Od. 14.334; <b class="b3">ἐς πλόον ἐρχομένοις</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ἀρχ-) Pi.''P.''1.34.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[walk]], = περιπατέω, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων ἀνθρώπων Il.5.442; <b class="b3">σὲ δ' ἐρχόμενον ἐν δίκᾳ πολὺς ὄλβος ἀμφινέμεται</b> [[walking]] in justice, Pi.''P.''5.14: the two foreg. rare signfs. belong only to the pres. [[ἔρχομαι]].<br><span class="bld">II</span> (much more freq.) [[come]] or [[go]] (the latter especially in Ep. and Lyr.), [[ἦλθες]] thou [[art come]], Od.16.461, etc.; <b class="b3">χαίροισ' ἔρχεο</b> [[go]] and fare thee well, Sapph.''Supp.''23.7, cf. Il.9.43, Od.10.320, 1.281; ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ.. ἐρχομένοιο 2.30, cf. 10.267; <b class="b3">πάλιν ἐλθέμεν, αὖτε εἰλήλουθα</b>, 19.533, 549; <b class="b3">οἶκον ἐλεύσεται</b> ib.313; οἴκαδε 5.220; ἐς οἴκους [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''833: as a hortatory exclamation, ἀλλ' ἔρχευ, λέκτρονδ' ἴομεν Od.23.254, cf. 17.529.<br><span class="bld">III</span> c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι</b> [[to go]] a journey, Il.1.151; ἄλλην ὁδόν, ἄλλα κέλευθα ἤλθομεν Od.9.262; τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς 3.316: freq. in Trag., [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''962, ''Th.''714 (also κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδόν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''707d); <b class="b3">νόστιμον ἐλθεῖν πόδα</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[δόμον]]) [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]''1153; <b class="b3">ἀγγε-</b> <b class="b3">λίην, ἐξεσίην ἐλθεῖν</b>, [[go]] on an embassy, Il.11.140, Od.21.20.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. loci, [[come to]], [[arrive at]], rare in Hom., Ἀΐδαο δόμους ἔρχεαι Il. 22.483; ἔρχεσθον κλισίην 1.322: freq. in later Poets, Pi.''P.''4.52, S. ''Tr.''259, etc.; [[traverse]], ὁ ἥλιος ἔρχεται τῆς Λιβύης τὰ ἄνω [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.24: c. acc. pers., <b class="b3">αῐ κέν τι νέκυς</b> (acc. pl.) ῂσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ Il.18.180; σὲ δ', ὦ τέκνον, τόδ' ἐλήλυθεν πᾶν κράτος S.''Ph.''141 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. loci, <b class="b3">ἔρχονται πεδίοιο</b> [[through]] or [[across]] the plain, Il.2.801; but also, [[from]] a place, γῆς τινος [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''572.<br><span class="bld">4</span> c. dat. pers., [[come to]], i.e. [[come to aid]] or [[relieve]] one, rare in Hom., Od.16.453; freq. later, Pi.''O.''1.100, Th.1.13. etc.; ἀποροῦντι αὐτῷ ἔρχεται Προμηθεὺς ἐπισκεψόμενος τὴν νομήν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 321c; also in hostile sense, ἔρχομαί σοι ''Apoc.''2.5.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> c. fut. part., to denote the object, <b class="b3">ἔρχομαι ἔγχος οίσόμενος</b> I [[go to]] fetch.., Il.13.256; ἔρχομαι ὀψομένη 14.301: freq. in Trag., μαρτυρήσων ἦλθον A.''Eu.''576; ἐκσώσων E.''Med.''1303.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] like an auxiliary Verb, <b class="b3">ἔρχομαι ἐρέων, φράσων</b>, I [[am going to]] tell, 1.5,3.6, al.; σημανέων 4.99; μηκυνέων 2.35: rare in Att., <b class="b3">ἔ. κατηγορήσων, ἀποθανούμενος</b>, Pl.''Euthphr.''2c, ''Thg.''129a; <b class="b3">ἔρχομαι ἐπιχειρῶν -σοι ἐπιδείξασθαι</b>, for <b class="b3">ἔ. σοι ἐπιδειξόμενος</b>, Id.''Phd.''100b; οὐ τοῦτο λέξων ἔρχομαι, ὡς.. X.''Ages.''2.7.<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. part. pres., aor., or pf., in Hom., to show the manner of moving, <b class="b3">ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσα</b> she [[came]] running, Il.11.715, al.; <b class="b3">μὴ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς</b> lest thou [[come thither]] in full flight,10.510; <b class="b3">ἦλθε φθάμενος</b> he [[came]] first,23.779; κεχαρισμένος ἔλθυι Od.2.54.<br><span class="bld">4</span> aor, part. [[ἐλθών]] added to Verbs, <b class="b3">οὐ δύναμαι..μάχεσθαι ἐλθών</b> [[go and]] fight, Il.16.521; <b class="b3">κάθηρον ἐλθών</b> [[come and]] cleanse, ib.668; λέγοιμ' ἂν ἐλθών A.''Supp.''928; δρᾶ νυν τάδ' ἐλθών S.''Ant.''1107.<br><span class="bld">V</span> of any kind of motion, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθεῖν</b> [[to rise]] out of the sea, Od.4.448, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ πόντον</b> [[to go]] over it, 2.265; with qualifying phrase, <b class="b3">πόδεσσιν ἔ.</b> [[to go]] on foot, 6.40 (but <b class="b3">πεζὸς εἰλήλουθα</b> [[have come]] as a foot-soldier, Il. 5.204); of birds, 17.755, etc.; of ships, 15.549, Od.14.334; of spears or javelins, freq. in Il.; of natural phenomena, as rivers, 5.91; wind and storm, 9.6, Od.12.288; clouds, Il.4.276,16.364; stars, [[rise]], Od. 13.94; time, είς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ νύξ Il.14.77, cf. 24.351; ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσι θέρος Od.11.192; ἔτος ἦλθε 1.16; of events and conditions, είς ὅ κε γῆρας ἔλθῃ καὶ θάνατος 13.59, cf. 11.135; of feelings, [[go]], ἦ κέ μοι αίνὸν ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἄχος ἔλθοι Il.22.43; ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθ' ἵμερος 24.514; of sounds, etc., τὸν..περὶ φρένας ἤλυθ' ίωή 10.139; Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνος Od.9.362; without <b class="b3">φρένας, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθ' ι>ωή</b> 17.261, cf. 16.6; of battle, ὁμόσ' ἦλθε μάχη Il.13.337; of things sent or taken, ὄφρα κε δῶρα ἐκ κλισίης ἔλθῃσι 19.191, cf. 1.120; so later, especially of danger or evil, c. dat., εἰ πάλιν ἔλθοι τῇ Ἑλλάδι κίνδυνος ὑπὸ βαρβάρων X.''HG''6.5.43; ἦλθεν αὐτῷ Ζηνὸς βέλος [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''360; μηδ' ὑπ' ἀνάγκας γάμος ἔλθοι Id.''Supp.''1032 (lyr.), cf.''Pers.''436; of reports, commands, etc., Id.''Pr.''663, Th.8.19; <b class="b3">τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ὡς ἦλθε τὰ γεγενημένα</b> [[came to]] their [[ears]], ib.96; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἐπ' αὐτόν</b> that which [[was about to happen]] to him, ''Ev.Jo.''18.4; of property, which [[comes]] or [[passes]] to a person by bequest, conveyance, gift, etc., τὰ ἐληλυθότα εἴς με ἀπὸ κληρονομίας ''BGU''919.7 (ii A. D.); <b class="b3">ἐ. εἴς τινα ἀπὸ παραχωρήσεως, κατὰ δωρεάν</b>, ''PLond.''3.1164e6 (iii A. D.), ''PMasp.''96.22 (vi A. D.): —Geom., [[pass]], [[fall]], <b class="b3">ἔ. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ σαμεῖον</b> [[pass]] through the same point, Archim.''Aequil.''1.15; <b class="b3">ὅπου ἂν ἔρχηται τὸ ἕτερον σαμεῖον</b> wherever the other point [[falls]], ib.2.10.<br><span class="bld">B</span>Post-Homeric phrases:<br><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ἐς λόγους ἔρχεσθαί τινι</b> [[come]] to speech with, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.86.<b class="b3">α'</b>, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1164 codd.; so ἐς ὄψιν τινὶ ἐλθεῖν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 3.42.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τινι</b> (v. [[χείρ]]); so ἐς μάχην ἐλθεῖν τινι Id.7.9.γ; είς ὸργάς τισιν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 572a.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἔ.</b> increase, S.''Ph.'' 259; ἐπὶ μηδέν Id.''Fr.''871.8,''El.''1000; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν</b> try everything, X.''An.''3.1.18.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἐς τὸ δεινόν, ἐς τὰ ἀλγεινὰ ἐλθεῖν</b>, [[come]] into danger, etc., Th.3.45,2.39; είς τοσοῦτον αίσχύνης ἐληλύθατον ὥστε.. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 487b, etc.; εἰς τὸ ἔσχατον ἀδικίας Id.''R.''361d; <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἔσχατον ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας</b> Id ''Phdr.''240d; <b class="b3">ὅσοι ἐνταῦθα ἦλθον ἡλικίας</b> [[arrived]] at that time of life, Id.''R.''329b; <b class="b3">ἐς ἀσθενὲς ἔ.</b> [[come]] to an impotent conclusion, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.120; <b class="b3">ἐς ἀριθμὸν ἐλθεῖν</b> to be numbered, Th.2.72; εἰς ἔρωτά τινος ἐλθεῖν Anaxil.21.6; εἰς ἔλεγχον Philem.93.3, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθεῖν</b> [[come]] to oneself, ''Ev.Luc.''15.17, Arr.''Epict.''3.1.15.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">παρὰ μικρὸν ἐλθεῖν</b> c. inf., [[come within a little of]], [[be near]] a thing, E. ''Heracl.''296 (anap.); παρ' ὀλίγον ἐλθεῖν Plu.''Pyrrh.''10; <b class="b3">παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἡ Μυτιλήνη ἦλθε κινδύνου</b> so narrow was her escape, Th.3.49; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθ. ἀπολέσθαι Plu. ''Cam.''8.<br><span class="bld">6</span> with [[διά]] and gen., [[periphrasis]] for a Verb, e.g. <b class="b3">διὰ μάχης τινὶ ἐλθεῖν</b> for μάχεσθαί τινι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.9, E.''Hel.''978, Th.4.92; <b class="b3">διὰ πυρὸς ἐλθεῖν τινι</b> rage furiously against.., [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''488 (lyr.); but <b class="b3">οί διὰ πάντων τῶν καλῶν ἐληλυθότες</b> [[who have gone]] through the whole circle of duties, have fulfilled them all, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.2.15; διὰ πολλῶν κινδύνων ἐλθόντες Pl.''Alc.''2.142a.<br><span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">ἔ. παρὰ τὴν γυναῖκα, παρὰ Ἀρίστωνα</b>, of sexual intercourse, [[go in to]] her, [[to]] him, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.115,6.68; πρός τινα, of marriage, X.''Oec.''7.5.<br><span class="bld">8</span> ἔ. ἐπὶ πόλιν [[attack]], Th.2.11.<br><span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">ἔ. ἐς</b> [[depend]] upon or [[be concerned]] with, τό γ' εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐλθόν Aristid. 1.149 J.; τοῖς λογισμοῖς εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐρχόμενοι [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]13.95; ὅσα εἰς ἀρετὴν ἔρχεται Lib.''Or.''22.18; <b class="b3">τῶν πραττομένων οὐκ όλίγον εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἤρχετο</b> ib.14.31.