χρεία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(written [[χρέα]] ''PCair.Zen.''25.2,148 (iii B. C.)), Ion. [[χρείη]] Call. in ''PSI''11.1216.43, ἡ: ([[χράομαι]], [[κέχρημαι]]):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[need]], [[want]], χρείας ὕπο A.''Th.''287; <b class="b3">ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας</b> [[consider]]ing in what great [[need]] we are, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1443; <b class="b3">χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν</b> to war with [[necessity]], Id.''OC'' 191 (anap.): c. gen., [[want]] of... φαρμάκων χρείᾳ κατεσκέλλοντο [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]'' 481; ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης Id.''Th.''506; <b class="b3">ἐν χρείᾳ δορός</b> in the [[need]] or [[stress]] of [[war]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''963; φορβῆς χρείᾳ Id.''Ph.''162 (anap.), cf. 1004: <b class="b3">ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν]</b> [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''834b; <b class="b3">ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει</b> will have [[need]] of my [[help]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''170 (anap.), cf. Call.l.c.; <b class="b3">ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως</b> came to [[feel]] the [[need]] of its [[assistance]], Pl.''Mx.''244d; <b class="b3">ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι</b>, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 373d, 566e; ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει S.''Ph.''646; so <b class="b3">τίς χ. σ' ἐμοῦ [ἔχει]</b>; E.''Hec.''976, cf. [[χρεώ]] 1.2: <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχω</b>, c. inf., ''Ev.Matt.''3.14 (followed by (ίνα, ''Ev.Jo.''2.25); signfs.1.1 and ''III'' in the same sentence, <b class="b3">οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς</b>.. Epicur.''Sent.Vat.''34: [[proverb|prov.]], [[χρεία διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν]] = [[need]] makes a man [[clever]], even if he is [[slow]] to [[learn]], '[[necessity is the mother of invention]]', E.''Fr.''715, cf.''El.''376, Men.263: pl., αἱ χρεῖαι τολμᾶν βιάζονται Antipho 3.2.1; αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.12.5; πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 369d; αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. D.23.148, cf. 45.67 (sg.); πολεμικαὶ χ. Arist. ''Pol.''1328b11.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[want]], [[poverty]], S.''Ph.''175 (lyr.), E.''Hel.''420, etc.; διὰ τὴν χ. καὶ τὴν πενίαν Ar.''Pl.''534 (anap.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> a [[request]] of [[necessity]], opp. [[ἀξίωσις]] (a [[claim]] of [[merit]]), Th.1.37, cf. 33: generally, [[request]], τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ' ἐμοῦ πάρα [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''700; <b class="b3">κἀγὼ.. τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω</b> make such a [[request]] of or to [[thee]], Id.''Ch.''481.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[business]], <b class="b3">ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας</b>; for what [[purpose]]? [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1174, cf. 1435; χρῆσθαί τινι χρείαν ἣν ἂν ἐθέλωσι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''868b; δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. Plb.8.16.11.<br><span class="bld">b</span> esp. [[military]] or [[naval]] [[service]], <b class="b3">ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική</b> the [[employment]]s of [[war]] and of [[peace]], Arist.''Pol.''1254b32; <b class="b3">αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ.</b>, Plb.6.52.1, 31.21.3; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ.</b> Aristeas 110, [[LXX]] ''1 Ma.''12.45; οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. ''Ju.''12.10; οἱ ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοι ''BGU''543.1 (i B. C.); in military sense, [[action]], [[engagement]], αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. Plb.1.84.7, al.<br><span class="bld">c</span> generally, [[business]], [[employment]], [[function]], Id.3.45.2, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ.</b> the [[duty]] [[assign]]ed, ''PTeb.''741.11 (ii B. C.); οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης ''Act.Ap.''6.3; χ. πολιτικαί Plu.''Mar.'' 32, etc.<br><span class="bld">d</span> a [[business]], [[affair]], [[matter]], like [[χρέος]], Plb.2.49.9, al.; <b class="b3">τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ.</b> the [[study]] of these things, Epicur.''Ep.''1p.29U.<br><span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">χ. ἀναγκαία</b> [[need]] of [[nature]], [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]4.33; τροφῆς χ. Ph.2.472.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[use]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> as a [[property]], [[use]], [[advantage]], [[service]], χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς Thgn.62; τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι Antipho 3.3.4; ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 480a; πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. Id.''R.''371e; <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις</b> to be of [[service]] to [[mankind]], Id.''Smp.''204c; <b class="b3">τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν</b> things of no [[use]] or [[service]], [[Demosthenes|D.]] ''[[Prooemia|Prooem.]]'' 56.3; <b class="b3">χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι</b> is of [[service]] towards... Sosip.1.41; for [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 725, v. [[ἐρευνάω]] ''1'': pl., <b class="b3">χρεῖαι.. φίλων ἀνδρῶν</b> [[service]]s [[render]]ed by them, Pi.''N.''8.42; <b class="b3">χρείας παρέχεσθαι</b> render [[services]], Decr. ap. D.18.84, ''IG''22.654.15, cf. Plb.1.16.8 (sg.); <b class="b3">ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι</b> (sic) ''PCair.Zen.''498 (iii B. C.); μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν Plb.3.97.4; <b class="b3">παρέχειν χ.</b> to [[be serviceable]], [[be useful]], Aristo Stoic.1.79; ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu.2.724e; χ. ναυτικαί [[equipment]]s, Ael.''VH''2.10.<br><span class="bld">2</span> as an action, [[using]], [[use]], κτῆσις καὶ χ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.4.1, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 451c; <b class="b3">ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι</b> [[in use]], Id.''Phd.''87c; <b class="b3">κατὰ τὴν χ.</b> for [[use]], Id.''R.''330c; πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.2.25; <b class="b3">ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων</b> the [[employment]] of [[word]]s, Pl.''Sph.'' 239d, cf. ''Plt.''272d: pl., <b class="b3">λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ.. χαλκός</b> is made bright by [[constant]] [[use]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''864.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, [[familiarity]], [[intimacy]], τινος [[with]] one, Antipho 5.63: generally, any [[relation]] of [[business]] or [[intercourse]], ἐν χρείᾳ τινὶ τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 372a; ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. Arist.''Rh.''1376b13; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ.. ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ [[in the relationship]], [[capacity]], D.L.5.1.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Rhet., [[pregnant sentence]], [[maxim]], freq. illustrated by an [[anecdote]], Sen.''Ep.''33.7, Hermog.''Prog.''3, Aphthon,''Prog.''3, Theon ''Prog.''5, etc.: pl., title of works by [[Zeno]] (D.L.6.91), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, Ath.13.577d; ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu.2.218a; <b class="b3">χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι</b> ib.78f.