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φυλακτήριον: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=fylaktirion | |Transliteration C=fylaktirion | ||
|Beta Code=fulakth/rion | |Beta Code=fulakth/rion | ||
|Definition=τό,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[guarded post]], [[fort]], [[castle]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.52: esp. an [[outpost]] communicating with [[fortification]]s, Th.4.31,33,110, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 7.5.12: pl., [[guardrooms]], Arist.''Pol.''1331a20.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[safeguard]], [[security]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''917b: [[preservative]], D.6.24; [[amulet]], Dsc.5.154, Plu. 2.378b, etc.; [[phylactery]], [[speech scroll]], [[banderole]], among the Jews [[φυλακτήρια]] were small [[roll]]s of [[parchment]] with texts from the Law written on them, bound to the [[forehead]] by persons [[pray]]ing, ''Ev.Matt.''23.5; [[φυλακτήρια χρυσᾶ]], [[symbol]]s denoting the [[kingdom]]s of Upper and Lower [[Egypt]], ''OGI''90.45 (Rosetta, ii B. C.); [[amulet]], PMag.Lond.121.298 (pl.); metaph., τὸ ὄνομά σου ἔχω ἓν φ. ἐν καρδίᾳ ''PMag.Leid.W.''18.2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> perhaps [[guard]] or [[chain]], ''PLond.ined''.2199. | |Definition=τό,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[guarded post]], [[fort]], [[castle]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.52: esp. an [[outpost]] communicating with [[fortification]]s, Th.4.31,33,110, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 7.5.12: pl., [[guardrooms]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Politica|Pol.]]''1331a20.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[safeguard]], [[security]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''917b: [[preservative]], D.6.24; [[amulet]], Dsc.5.154, Plu. 2.378b, etc.; [[phylactery]], [[speech scroll]], [[banderole]], among the Jews [[φυλακτήρια]] were small [[roll]]s of [[parchment]] with texts from the Law written on them, bound to the [[forehead]] by persons [[pray]]ing, ''Ev.Matt.''23.5; [[φυλακτήρια χρυσᾶ]], [[symbol]]s denoting the [[kingdom]]s of Upper and Lower [[Egypt]], ''OGI''90.45 (Rosetta, ii B. C.); [[amulet]], PMag.Lond.121.298 (pl.); metaph., τὸ ὄνομά σου ἔχω ἓν φ. ἐν καρδίᾳ ''PMag.Leid.W.''18.2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> perhaps [[guard]] or [[chain]], ''PLond.ined''.2199. | ||
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{{wkpen | {{wkpen | ||
|wketx=[[File:Strigel 1506-detail.jpg|thumb|Detail from Bernhard Strigel's "Annunciation to Saint Anne".]] In contrast to the abstract nature of Mesoamerican speech scrolls, Medieval European speech scrolls or banderoles appear as actual scrolls, floating in apparent three-dimensional space (or in actual space in sculpture). They first become common at the start of the Gothic period. Previously, as in Byzantine art, spoken words, if they appeared at all, were usually painted alongside a figure; these are called tituli. However, earlier works using banderoles are the Aachen Gospels of Otto III (c. 975) and the 12th-century English Romanesque Cloisters Cross. The latter work demonstrates the use of banderoles as attributes for Old Testament prophets, to distinguish them from the book-carrying Four Evangelists of the New Testament and other Christian saints, a convention appearing in Italy in the 13th century. It may be seen in the Santa Trinita Maestà by Cimabue (Uffizi, 1280–90), Duccio's Maestà (1308–11), and other works. The convention had a historical appropriateness, as the Old Testament was originally written on scrolls, whereas nearly all surviving New Testament manuscripts are codices (like modern books). They may also be used for the words of angels, especially Gabriel's greeting to Mary in Annunciation scenes. | |wketx=[[File:Strigel 1506-detail.jpg|thumb|Detail from Bernhard Strigel's "Annunciation to Saint Anne".]] In contrast to the abstract nature of Mesoamerican speech scrolls, Medieval European speech scrolls or banderoles appear as actual scrolls, floating in apparent three-dimensional space (or in actual space in sculpture). They first become common at the start of the Gothic period. Previously, as in Byzantine art, spoken words, if they appeared at all, were usually painted alongside a figure; these are called tituli. However, earlier works using banderoles are the Aachen Gospels of Otto III (c. 975) and the 12th-century English Romanesque Cloisters Cross. The latter work demonstrates the use of banderoles as attributes for Old Testament prophets, to distinguish them from the book-carrying Four Evangelists of the New Testament and other Christian saints, a convention appearing in Italy in the 13th century. It may be seen in the Santa Trinita Maestà by Cimabue (Uffizi, 1280–90), Duccio's Maestà (1308–11), and other works. The convention had a historical appropriateness, as the Old Testament was originally written on scrolls, whereas nearly all surviving New Testament manuscripts are codices (like modern books). They may also be used for the words of angels, especially Gabriel's greeting to Mary in Annunciation scenes. | ||
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|lthtxt=''[[excubiae]]'', [[watch]], [[guard duty]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.31.1/ 4.31.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.33.1/ 4.33.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.110.2/ 4.110.2]. | |||
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{{trml | {{trml | ||
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===[[amulet]]=== | ===[[amulet]]=== | ||
Arabic: تَمِيمَة, أُخْذَة, تَعْوِيذَة, حِجَاب, حِرْز, رُقْيَة; Armenian: հուռութք, հմայիլ; Azerbaijani: tumar, gözmuncuğu; Belarusian: амулет, талісман; Bengali: মাদুলি, কবচ; Bulgarian: амулет, талисман; Burmese: အဆောင်, အခံ; Catalan: amulet; Chinese Mandarin: 護身符, 護符, 護身符子, 辟邪物; Czech: amulet; Danish: amulet; Dutch: [[amulet]]; Esperanto: amuleto; Estonian: amulett; Finnish: amuletti; French: [[amulette]]; Galician: dixe, fetiche, corniño, bolerca, dómina, sapo, figa, amuleto; Georgian: თილისმა; German: [[Amulett]]; Greek: [[φυλαχτό]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀντιπερίαμμα]], [[βασκάνιον]], [[ἔνδεσμα]], [[παράρτημα]], [[περίαμμα]], [[περίαπτον]], [[προβασκάνιον]], [[φυλακτήριον]]; Greenlandic: aarnuaq; Hebrew: קָמֵעַ; Hiligaynon: antíng-ánting; Hindi: तावीज़, कवच; Hungarian: amulett; Indonesian: jimat; Italian: [[amuleto]]; Japanese: お守り, 護符, アミュレット; Jingpho: lak hpoi; Kabuverdianu: fisga; Kalmyk: мирд; Kazakh: тұмар; Khmer: កំណារ; Korean: 애뮬럿, 부적; Kyrgyz: тумар; Latin: [[amuletum]]; Latvian: amulets; Lithuanian: amuletas; Macedonian: талисман, амулет, амалјија; Malay: azimat; Manchu: ᡴᠠᡵᠮᠠᠨᡳ; Nepali: बुटि; Norwegian Bokmål: amulett; Nynorsk: amulett; Persian: کماهه, تعویذ; Polish: amulet; Portuguese: [[amuleto]]; Romanian: amuletă; Russian: [[амулет]], [[талисман]], [[оберег]]; Sanskrit: मङ्गल; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: амулет, талисман; Roman: amulet, talisman; Shan: လၢၵ်ႈၽွႆး, လၢၵ်ႈၽွႆႉ; Spanish: [[amuleto]], [[talismán]]; Swahili: hirizi; Swedish: amulett; Tagalog: dupil; Tajik: тӯмор, таъвиз, тилисм; Telugu: Tayatthu; Thai: เครื่องราง, พิสมร, ของขลัง; Turkish: muska, tılsım; Ukrainian: амулет, талісман; Urdu: تعویذ; Uyghur: تۇمار, تىلسىم; Uzbek: tumor, tilsim; Vietnamese: bùa | Arabic: تَمِيمَة, أُخْذَة, تَعْوِيذَة, حِجَاب, حِرْز, رُقْيَة; Armenian: հուռութք, հմայիլ; Azerbaijani: tumar, gözmuncuğu; Belarusian: амулет, талісман; Bengali: মাদুলি, কবচ; Bulgarian: амулет, талисман; Burmese: အဆောင်, အခံ; Catalan: amulet; Chinese Mandarin: 護身符, 護符, 護身符子, 辟邪物; Czech: amulet; Danish: amulet; Dutch: [[amulet]]; Esperanto: amuleto; Estonian: amulett; Finnish: amuletti; French: [[amulette]]; Galician: dixe, fetiche, corniño, bolerca, dómina, sapo, figa, amuleto; Georgian: თილისმა; German: [[Amulett]]; Greek: [[φυλαχτό]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀντιπερίαμμα]], [[βασκάνιον]], [[ἔνδεσμα]], [[παράρτημα]], [[περίαμμα]], [[περίαπτον]], [[προβασκάνιον]], [[φυλακτήριον]]; Greenlandic: aarnuaq; Hebrew: קָמֵעַ; Hiligaynon: antíng-ánting; Hindi: तावीज़, कवच; Hungarian: amulett; Indonesian: jimat; Italian: [[amuleto]]; Japanese: お守り, 護符, アミュレット; Jingpho: lak hpoi; Kabuverdianu: fisga; Kalmyk: мирд; Kazakh: тұмар; Khmer: កំណារ; Korean: 애뮬럿, 부적; Kyrgyz: тумар; Latin: [[amuletum]]; Latvian: amulets; Lithuanian: amuletas; Macedonian: талисман, амулет, амалјија; Malay: azimat; Manchu: ᡴᠠᡵᠮᠠᠨᡳ; Nepali: बुटि; Norwegian Bokmål: amulett; Nynorsk: amulett; Persian: کماهه, تعویذ; Polish: amulet; Portuguese: [[amuleto]]; Romanian: amuletă; Russian: [[амулет]], [[талисман]], [[оберег]]; Sanskrit: मङ्गल; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: амулет, талисман; Roman: amulet, talisman; Shan: လၢၵ်ႈၽွႆး, လၢၵ်ႈၽွႆႉ; Spanish: [[amuleto]], [[talismán]]; Swahili: hirizi; Swedish: amulett; Tagalog: dupil; Tajik: тӯмор, таъвиз, тилисм; Telugu: Tayatthu; Thai: เครื่องราง, พิสมร, ของขลัง; Turkish: muska, tılsım; Ukrainian: амулет, талісман; Urdu: تعویذ; Uyghur: تۇمار, تىلسىم; Uzbek: tumor, tilsim; Vietnamese: bùa | ||
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