τοίνυν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=([[τοι]], [[νυν]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[therefore]], [[accordingly]], an inferential Particle (never in Hom. or Hes.), χρὴ τ. πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν Pi.''O.''6.27, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ τ</b>… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.57; <b class="b3">ἂν τ</b>… D.4.7; introducing a logical conclusion (less freq. than [[οὖν]]), Pl.''Chrm.''159d; <b class="b3">φανερὸν τ., δῆλον τ.</b>, Arist.''Pol.''1260a2, ''PA''641a15; also to introduce a minor premiss, or a particular instance of a general proposition, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''399b, Isoc.4.103, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in dialogue, to introduce an answer, [[well]] or [[well then]], ἄπειμι τ. S.''El.''1050, cf. Th.5.89, etc.; esp. an answer which has been led up to by the same speaker, Pl.''Men.''76a, ''IG''42(1).121.31 (Epid., iv B. C.); in response to an invitation to speak, Ar.''Nu.''961, etc.; in expression of approval, especially in phrase καλῶς τ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''433a, etc.; κάλλιστα τ. Ar.''V.''856; also of disapproval or criticism, ἀπόλοιο τ. Id.''Nu.''1236, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1067.<br><span class="bld">3</span> continuing an argument, [[well then]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 178d, X.''An.''3.1.36, 7.7.28, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> resuming the thread of argument or narrative after a break, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 562b, ''Plt.''275d, D.47.64, etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> adding or passing to a fresh item or point, [[further]], [[moreover]], [[again]], Pl.''Ap.''33c, D.8.73, 20.18; ἔτι τ. Hp.''VM''19, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 109a, ''Cri.''52c, D.20.8; καὶ τ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.25; καί τ. καί Pl.''Sph.''234a; <b class="b3">μὴ τ. μηδέ</b>.. [[nay]], not even... X.''An.''7.6.19; οὐ τ. οὐδέ [[nor again]], Hp.''Art.''57, D.20.7.<br><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes at the beginning of a speech, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ μὲν τ.</b>... referring to something present to the minds of the speaker and hearer, [[now]] I... X.''An.''5.1.2, cf. ''Cyr.''6.2.14.<br><span class="bld">5</span> with subj. of exhortation or imper., in signfs. ''1'',2,3, <b class="b3">εὖ τ. ἐπίστασθε</b>.. Id.''An.''3.1.36, cf. ''Cyr.''2.4.8, ''Ev.Luc.''20.25, etc.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Position: in early writers [[τοίνυν]] is never the first word in a sentence, but this is not uncommon in later authors, as [[LXX]] ''Is.''3.10, ''Mim. Oxy.''413.225, ''Ev.Luc.'' [[l.c.]], ''Ep.Hebr.''13.13, Gal.2.526, S.E. ''M.''8.429, ''AP''11.127 (Poll.), ''IG''4.620.13 (Argos), Chor.32.34 F.-R. cod. (<[[τῷ]]> add. Kaibel); it is usually placed second, but sometimes later, ἥξω φέρουσα συμβολὰς τ. ἅμα Alex.143.1, cf. Ar.''Pl.''863, etc. [ῠ regularly, as [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''760, S.''Tr.''71: but sometimes ῡ, as [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1259, Alex. l. c.; in anap., Ar.''Nu.''429,435, ''Av.''481.]