πνεῦμα: Difference between revisions

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|Definition=ατος, τό, (πνέω) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">blast, wind</b>, first in <span class="bibl">Anaximen.2</span>, <b class="b3">ὅλον τὸν κόσμον π. καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει</b>: freq. in Trag., etc., ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1086</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">1047</span> (anap.); θαλάσσας . . πνεύματι λάβρῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>110</span>(lyr.); πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>300.3</span>; τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>558</span>; πνεύμασιν θαλασσίοις ἐξωσθέντες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span> 278</span> (but <b class="b3">πνοή</b> is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses <b class="b3">πνοιή</b>) ; πνεύματα ἀνέμων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.ά; τὸ π. κατῄει <span class="bibl">Th.2.84</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">97</span>; τὸ π. λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1003</span>; τὸ π. ἔλαττον γίγνεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>441</span>; εἰ φορὸν π. εἴη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.27</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος</b> to <b class="b2">leeward</b> of him, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>560b14</span>; but <b class="b3">κατὰ π. προσιόντες</b> down <b class="b2">wind</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">535a19</span>; <b class="b3">πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις</b>, <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Ep.</span>2pp.44,45</span> U.; as an element, <b class="b2">air</b>, <span class="bibl">Corp.Herm.1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">16</span>; τὸ π. τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Plot.2.2.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Sent.</span>29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b3">θαλερωτέρῳ π</b>. with more genial <b class="b2">breeze</b> or <b class="b2">influence</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>708</span>(lyr.); λύσσης π. μάργῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>884</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">αἰδοίῳ π. χώρας</b> with <b class="b2">air</b> or <b class="b2">spirit</b> of respect on the part of the country, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>29</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">π. ταὐτὸν οὔποτ' . . ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν</b> <b class="b2">the wind</b> is constantly changing even among friends, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>612</span>; π. συμφορᾶς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1317</span>; ὅταν θεοῦ σοι π. μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>216</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">breathed air, breath</b>, σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>568</span>; <b class="b3">αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π</b>., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>128</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>787</span> (lyr., pl.); <b class="b3">π. ἀπέρρηξεν βίου</b> <b class="b2">the breath</b> of life, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>507</span>; π. ἀπώλεσεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>984</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">π. ἄθροισον</b> collect <b class="b2">breath</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>851</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι</b>, to give up <b class="b2">the ghost</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>571</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>277</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>785</span> (anap.); π. δειμαίνων λιπεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>554</span>; π. . . δυσῶδες ἠφίει <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>; <b class="b3">πνεύματος διαρροαί</b> the wind-pipe, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>567</span>; τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>91c</span> (v. <b class="b3">πνεύμων</b>) ; πνεύματος ῥώμη Plu.2.804b: prov., ἄνθρωπός ἐστι π. καὶ σκιὰ μόνον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">breathing, respiration</b>, freq. in Hp., <b class="b3">π. πυκνόν, ἀραιόν, ἐκτεῖνον, κατεπεῖγον</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>2.3.7</span>; π. πυκνότερον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Acut.</span>16</span>; <b class="b3">π. προσκόπτον</b> checked, difficult <b class="b2">breathing, Aph</b>.<span class="bibl">4.68</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἄσημον</b> indistinct, feeble <b class="b2">breathing, Epid</b>.<span class="bibl">6.7.8</span>; π. βηχῶδες <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Coac.</span>622</span>; <b class="b3">π. μετέωρον</b> shallow <b class="b2">breathing, Epid</b>.<span class="bibl">2.3.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. ἔχειν ἄνω</b> to be out of <b class="b2">breath</b>, <span class="bibl">Men.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sosicr.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. ἀνήνεγκαν</b> recovered their <b class="b2">breath</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>2.12</span> (so without τὸ π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aph.</span>2.43</span>); but <b class="b3">ἀναφέρουσιν . . κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π</b>. they <b class="b2">sob . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hebd.</span>51</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> pl., of the air imagined as filling the veins, <b class="b3">πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ φλέβας</b> Id.<b class="b2">Acut.(Sp.)</b><span class="bibl">7</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">flatulence</b>, in pl., <span class="bibl">Eub.107.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 948b25</span>, Dsc.2.112, <span class="bibl">D.L.6.94</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">breath of life</b>, π. ζωῆς <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>6.17</span>, <span class="bibl">7.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>13</span>,etc.; <b class="b3">π. ἔχειν</b> retain <b class="b2">life</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.31.10.4</span>; <b class="b2">living being</b>, ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ' ἐγενόμην π. <span class="bibl">Phoen.1.16</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ π. πάντα βρότεια σοὶ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">Πλούτωνι</b>) νέμεται; <span class="title">IG</span>14.769 (Naples). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">that which is breathed forth</b> or <b class="b2">exhaled, odour</b>, ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς π. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1391</span>; <b class="b3">π. βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα</b>, of a tree, Plu.2.647b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> Gramm., <b class="b2">breathing with which a vowel is pronounced</b>, ib. 1009e (pl.), <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>147.18</span>; <b class="b3">π. δασύ, ψιλόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pron.</span> 78.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Adv.</span>148.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">divine inspiration</b>, ἄγρια . . πνεύματα θευφορίης <span class="title">AP</span>6.220.4 (Diosc.); εἰ μή τι θεῖον . . ἐνῆν π. τῇ ψυχῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ax.</span>370c</span>; τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις π. Plu.2.605a; καθαρὸν δίκαιον . . π. θεοῦ σωτῆρος <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>1062(Cyrene, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> the <b class="b2">spirit</b> of God, π. θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>1.2</span>, etc.: freq. in <b class="b2">NT</b>, τὸ π. τὸ ἅγιον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>3.29</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">spirit</b> of man, εἴτ' ἐστὶ τοῦτο π. θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς <span class="bibl">Men.482.3</span>: in <b class="b2">NT</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ψυχή</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span>5.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>8.2</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ π</b>., opp. <b class="b3">τῷ σώματι</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>5.3</span>; also, opp. <b class="b3">γράμμα</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>2.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">spiritual</b> or <b class="b2">immaterial being, angel</b>, Ep.Hebr.1.14, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>1.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἄχραντα π., τὰ</b> <b class="b3">κακὰ π</b>., <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>3.31</span>; <b class="b3">π. πονηρόν, ψευδές</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jd.</span>9.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">3 Ki.</span>22.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>19.12</span>, <span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>16.14</span>, Porph. ap. <span class="bibl">Eus.<span class="title">PE</span>4.23</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ π. οὖσα πλήρης</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθία</b>) Plu.2.438b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> Rhet., <b class="b2">sentence declaimed in one breath</b>, <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Inv.</span>3.10</span>,<span class="bibl">4.4</span>,al.</span>

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