labor: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>lăbor</b>: (old form lăbos, [[like]] [[arbos]], [[honos]], etc., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 35; id. Truc. 2, 6, 40; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6; Varr. ap. Non. 487, 13; Cat. 55, 13; Sall. C. 7, 5; id. J. 100, 4; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. Sanscr. [[root]] rabh, to [[grasp]], ā-rabh, to [[undertake]]; Gr. ἀλφ- in [[ἦλφον]]>, earned, [[ἄλφημα]]>, wages; Germ. Arbeit,<br /><b>I</b> [[labor]], [[toil]], [[exertion]] (cf.: [[contentio]], [[opera]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: ut [[ingenium]] est omnium Hominum a labore [[proclive]] ad libidinem, Ter. And. 1, 1, 51: [[haud]] existimans [[quanto]] labore partum, id. Phorm. 1, 1, 12: [[interest]] aliquid [[inter]] laborem et dolorem: sunt finitima [[omnino]], sed [[tamen]] differt aliquid. Labor est [[functio]] quaedam vel animi vel corporis, gravioris operis et muneris: [[dolor]] [[autem]] [[motus]] [[asper]] in corpore [[alienus]] a sensibus, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35: corporis, id. Cael. 17, 39: res est magni laboris, id. de Or. 1, 33, 150: laborem sibi sumere et alteri imponere, id. Mur. 18, 38: sumptum et laborem insumere in rem [[aliquam]], id. Inv. 2, 38, 113; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227: [[multum]] operae laborisque consumere, id. de Or. 1, 55, 234: laborem sustinere, id. Att. 1, 17, 6: exantlare, id. Ac. 2, 34, 108: suscipere, id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 13: subire, id. Att. 3, 15, 7: capere, id. Rosc. Com. 16, 49: labores magnos excipere, id. Brut. 69, 243: se in magnis laboribus exercere, id. Arch. 11, 28: summi laboris esse, [[capable]] of [[great]] [[exertion]], Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2: laborem levare alicui, Cic. Or. 34, 120: detrahere, id. Fam. 3, 6, 5: ex labore se reficere, Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 11: [[victus]] suppeditabatur [[sine]] labore, Cic. Sest. 48, 103: non est [[quod]] existumes, ullam esse [[sine]] labore virtutem, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 5; Suet. Ner. 52; Quint. 2, 12, 12; cf.: nullo labore, Cic. Dom. 34, 91; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 51: [[quantum]] meruit [[labor]], Juv. 7, 216: reddere sua dona labori, id. 16, 57: numerenter labores, be [[valued]], id. 9, 42.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pregn., [[drudgery]], [[hardship]], [[fatigue]], [[distress]], [[trouble]], [[pain]], [[suffering]] ([[mostly]] [[poet]]. and [[late]] Lat.; syn. [[aerumna]]): [[decet]] id pati [[animo]] [[aequo]]; si id facietis, levior [[labos]] erit, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 2: [[propter]] [[meum]] [[caput]] labores homini evenisse optumo, id. ib. 5, 1, 25: cum labore magno et [[misere]] vivere, id. Aul. prol. 14; id. Ps. 2, 4, 2: hoc evenit in labore [[atque]] in dolore, id. ib. 2, 3, 20: vel in labore meo vel in honore, Cic. Fam. 15, 18: Iliacos audire labores, Verg. A. 4, 78: mox et frumentis [[labor]] [[additus]], ut [[mala]] culmos Esset [[rubigo]], id. G. 1, 150: belli labores, id. A. 11, 126; cf. id. ib. 2, 619; 12, 727: [[labor]] militiae, Juv. 16, 52: castrorum labores, id. 14, 198: Lucinae labores, Verg. G. 4, 340: cor de labore [[pectus]] tundit, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 63: hoc [[medicamentum]] [[sine]] magno labore cadere cogit haemorrhoidas, Scrib. 227: [[litterarius]], = [[opus]], Aug. Conf. 9, 2; id. cont. Jul. 6, 21: meos labores legere, id. de [[Don]]. Pers. 68.—Of [[sickness]]: [[valetudo]] crescit, accrescit [[labor]]. Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4: sulphurosi fontes labores nervorum reficiunt, Vitr. 8, 3, 4.—Of [[danger]]: [[maximus]] [[autem]] earum ([[apium]]) [[labor]] est [[initio]] veris, Col. 9, 13, 2.—Prov.: jucundi acti labores, Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105: [[suavis]] laborum est praeteritorum [[memoria]], id. ib.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Poet.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Labores solis, eclipses of the [[sun]], Verg. A. 1, 742 Forbig. ad loc.; so, [[defectus]] solis varios lunaeque labores, id. G. 1, 478; Sil. 14, 378. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Of plants: hunc laborem perferre, i. e. [[growth]], Verg. G. 2, 343.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Personified: Lăbos, [[toil]], in the [[lower]] [[world]], Verg. A. 6, 277.—<br /><b>II</b> [[Meton]]., of the products of [[labor]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Work, [[workmanship]] of an [[artist]] ([[poet]].): operum, Verg. A. 1, 455: hic [[labor]] [[ille]] domūs, id. ib. 6, 27: nec non Polycleti [[multus]] [[ubique]] [[labor]], Juv. 8, 104. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Of [[cultivated]] plants, crops, etc.: ruit [[arduus]] [[aether]] et [[pluvia]] ingenti [[sata]] [[laeta]] boumque labores Diluit, Verg. G. 1, 325; cf.: haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores, id. ib. 1, 118: [[Juppiter]] Grandine dilapidans hominumque boumque labores, Col. poët. 10, 330; Verg. A. 2, 284; 306.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Labores uteri, i. e. children, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 193.<br /><b>lābor</b>: [[lapsus]] (<br /><b>I</b> inf. parag. labier, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94; [[part]]. [[labundus]], Att. ap. Non. 504, 31; Trag. Fragm. v. 570 Rib.), 3, v. dep. n. [cf. lăbo; Sanscr. [[lamb]]- (ramb-), to [[glide]], [[fall]], to [[move]] [[gently]] [[along]] a [[smooth]] [[surface]], to [[fall]], [[slide]]; to [[slide]], [[slip]], or [[glide]] [[down]], to [[fall]] [[down]], to [[sink]] as the [[beginning]] of a [[fall]]; constr. absol., or [[with]] ad, in, [[inter]], per, sub, [[super]], ab, de, ex, or [[with]] abl. [[alone]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[living]] beings: non squamoso labuntur ventre cerastae, Prop. 3 (4), 22, 27: per [[sinus]] crebros et magna volumina labens, Ov. M. 15, 721: pigraque labatur [[circa]] donaria [[serpens]], Ov. Am. 2, 13, 13: [[ille]] [[inter]] vestes et levia pectora [[lapsus]] volvitur, Verg. A. 7, 349: (angues) in diversum lapsi, Jul. Obseq. 119.—Of floating: ut [[rate]] felice pacata per aequora labar, Ov. H. 10, 65: dum Stygio gurgite [[labor]], id. M. 5, 504: tua labens [[navita]] [[aqua]], Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 8.—Of [[flying]]: tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per [[aera]] lapsae, Verg. A. 6, 202: vade, [[age]], nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis, id. ib. 4, 223: pennis lapsa per auras, Ov. M. 8, 51: labere, [[nympha]], polo, Verg. A. 11, 588.—Of sinking, slipping [[down]]: [[labor]], io! cara lumina conde manu, Ov. A. A. 7, 342: labitur [[infelix]] ([[equus]]), Verg. G. 3, 498; cf. Luc. 5, 799: labitur [[exsanguis]], Verg. A. 11, 818; 5, 181: [[super]] terram, Ov. M. 13, 477: equo, Hor. S. 2, 1, 15: temone, Verg. A. 12, 470 limite, Luc. 9, 712: in vulnera, id. 7, 604: in colla mariti, Val. Fl. 2, 425: [[alieno]] vulnere, Luc. 2, 265: in [[rivo]], Cic. Fat. 3, 5: pondere lapsi pectoris [[arma]] sonant, Luc. 7, 572.— Of gliding upwards: celeri [[fuga]] sub sidera, Verg. A. 3, 243.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of things: splendida signa videntur labier, Lucr. 4, 445; Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42: [[umor]] in genas Furtim labitur, Hor. C. 1, 13, 7: stellas Praecipites [[caelo]] labi, Verg. G. 1, 366: perque genas lacrimae labuntur, Ov. H. 7, 185; id. M. 2, 656: lapsi de fontibus amnes, id. ib. 13, 954; cf.: catenae lapsae lacertis [[sponte]] sua, id. ib. 3, 699: lapsuram domum subire, [[about]] to [[tumble]] [[down]], id. Ib. 511; Luc. 1, 25; cf. [[with]] [[cado]]: [[multa]] in silvis Lapsa cadunt folia, Verg. A. 6, 310: ipsaque in Oceanum sidera lapsa cadunt, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64: lapsis [[repente]] saxis, Tac. A. 4, 59: ab arbore [[ramus]], Ov. M. 3, 410.—Of the eyes, to [[fall]], [[close]]: labentes, oculos condere, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 44: lumina, Verg. A. 11, 818; Prop. 1, 10, 7; 2, 5, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[glide]] [[away]], [[glide]] [[along]], [[slip]] or [[haste]] [[away]]: labitur uncta [[carina]]: volat [[super]] [[impetus]] undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.); so id. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1 (Ann. v. 476 Vahl.); cf.: labitur uncta vadis [[abies]], Verg. A. 8, 91; Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31: sidera, quae vaga et mutabili ratione labuntur, id. Univ. 10.—Esp., of a [[transition]] in [[discourse]], to [[pass]]: a dispositione ad elocutionis praecepta [[labor]], Quint. 7, 10, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[slip]] [[away]], [[escape]]: [[lapsus]] custodiā, Tac. A. 5, 10; 11, 31: e manibus custodientium [[lapsus]], Curt. 3, 13, 3; Prop. 1, 11, 5; Amm. 26, 3, 3.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., to [[come]] or go [[gently]] or [[insensibly]], to [[glide]], [[glide]] or [[pass]] [[away]]: [[ilico]] res [[foras]] labitur, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21: brevitate et celeritate syllabarum labi putat verba proclivius, Cic. Or. 57; 56: sed [[labor]] longius, ad [[propositum]] revertor, id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Leg. 1, 19, 52: labitur [[occulte]] fallitque [[volubilis]] [[aetas]], Ov. Am. 1, 8, 49: labi somnum sensit in [[artus]], id. M. 11, 631: nostro illius labatur pectore [[vultus]], Verg. E. 1, 64.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[speech]], to [[die]] [[away]], be [[lost]], not be [[heard]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): ne adjectae voces laberentur [[atque]] errarent, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 114; cf. Sil. 7, 745.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[time]], to [[glide]], [[pass]] [[away]], [[elapse]]: [[eheu]] fugaces labuntur anni, Hor. C. 2, 14, 2: anni [[tacite]] labentis [[origo]], Ov. F. 1, 65: labentia tempora, id. Tr. 3, 11; id. F. 6, 771; id. Tr. 4, 10, 27: [[aetas]] labitur, Tib. 1, 8, 48; cf.: labente [[officio]], [[when]] the [[attendance]] or [[service]] is ended, Juv. 6, 203.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pregn., to [[sink]], [[incline]], [[begin]] to [[fall]], go to [[ruin]], [[perish]]: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus lapsa [[fortuna]] accidat, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.); cf.: [[cetera]] nasci, occidere, fluere, labi, Cic. Or. 3, 10: labentem et [[prope]] cadentem rem publicam fulcire, id. Phil. 2, 21, 51: equitem Romanum labentem excepit, fulsit, sustinuit, id. Rab. Post. 16, 43; id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 18, 2: sustinuit labentem aciem [[Antonius]], Tac. H. 3, 23: vidi labentes [[acies]], Prop. 4 (5), 2, 53: eo citius lapsa res est, Liv. 3, 33: [[mores]] lapsi sunt, id. praef.; Tac. A. 6, 50: [[fides]] lapsa, Ov. H. 2, 102: labentur [[opes]], [[will]] be [[lost]], Tib. 1, 6, 53: res, Lucr. 4, 1117: [[hereditas]] lapsa est, Dig. 4, 4, 11, § 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[slip]] or [[fall]] [[away]] from a [[thing]], to [[lose]] it: hac spe [[lapsus]], deceived or disappointed in this [[hope]], Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: hoc munere, Sil. 7, 740: facultatibus, to [[lose]] one's [[property]], [[become]] [[poor]], Dig. 27, 8, 2, § 11; 26, 7, 9, § 1: mente, to [[lose]] one's senses, go [[mad]], Cels. 5, 26, 13; Suet. Aug. 48; cf.: lapsae mentis [[error]], Val. Max. 5, 3, 2.—Hence, [[lapsus]], a, um, [[ruined]], [[unfortunate]], Prop. 1, 1, 25. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[fall]] [[into]] or [[upon]], to [[come]] or [[turn]] to: [[labor]] eo, ut assentiar Epicuro, Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 139; id. Att. 4, 5, 2: ad opinionem, id. Ac. 2, 45, 138: in adulationem, Tac. A. 4, 6: in gaudia, Val. Fl. 6, 662: in [[vitium]], Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[fall]] [[into]] [[error]], to be [[mistaken]], to [[err]], [[mistake]], [[commit]] a [[fault]]: labi, errare, nescire, decipi et [[malum]] et turpe ducimus, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 18: in [[aliqua]] re labi et cadere, id. Brut. 49, 185: in minimis tenuissimisque rebus, id. de Or. 1, 37, 169; id. Fam. 2, 7, 1: [[lapsus]] est per errorem suum, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 8: consilio, ... casu, id. Agr. 2, 3, 6: [[propter]] inprudentiam, Caes. B. G. 5, 3: in [[officio]], Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12: in verbo, Ov. Am. 2, 8, 7: ne verbo [[quidem]] labi, Plin. Ep. 2, 3: it vera ratione, Lucr. 2, 176.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>7</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp., to [[fall]] [[away]] from the true [[faith]], to [[become]] [[apostate]] (eccl. Lat.): lapsorum fratrum [[petulantia]], Cypr. Ep. 30, 1 al.