View source for λύκος

{{LSJ1
|Full diacritics=λύκος
|Medium diacritics=λύκος
|Low diacritics=λύκος
|Capitals=ΛΥΚΟΣ
|Transliteration A=lýkos
|Transliteration B=lykos
|Transliteration C=lykos
|Beta Code=lu/kos
|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῠ], ὁ</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">wolf</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.156</span>, <span class="bibl">352</span>; <b class="b3">πολιός</b> <b class="b2">grisly</b>, <span class="bibl">10.334</span>; κρατερώνυχες <span class="bibl">Od.10.218</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρέστεροι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">212</span>; ὠμοφάγοι <span class="bibl">Il.16.156</span>; κοιλογάστορες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1041</span>; the small Egyptian wolves mentioned by <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.67</span> were perh. <b class="b2">jackals</b>: various kinds distd. by <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>3.293</span> sqq.: prov. <b class="b3">λύκον ἰδεῖν</b> to see <b class="b2">a wolf</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">to be struck dumb</b>, as was vulgarly believed of any one at whom a wolf got the first look (<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>336d</span>), <span class="bibl">Theoc.14.22</span>; <b class="b3">λύκου πτερά</b>, of things that are not, 'pigeon's milk', Suid.; <b class="b3">ὡς λ. χανών</b>, of vain expectation, <span class="bibl">Eub.15.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>337</span>, <span class="bibl">Euphro 1.31</span>; λ. κεχηνώς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>629</span>; <b class="b3">πρίν κεν λ. οἶν ὑμεναιοῖ</b>, of an impossibility, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>1076</span>, <span class="bibl">1112</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.22.263</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς λύκοι ἄρν' ἀγαπῶσιν</b>, of treacherous or unnatural love, Poet. ap. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>241d</span>; <b class="b3">λύκου βίον ζῆν</b>, i. e. live by rapine, Prov. ap. <span class="bibl">Plb.16.24.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ λύκου στόματος</b>, of getting a thing <b class="b2">praeter spem</b>, <span class="bibl">Zen.3.48</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν ὤτων ἔχειν τὸν λύκον</b> 'catch a Tartar', <span class="bibl">Apollod.Car.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.30.20.8</span>; <b class="b3">λ. ἀετὸν φεύγει</b>, of the inescapable, <span class="bibl">Diogenian.6.19</span>; <b class="b3">λ. περὶ φρέαρ χορεύει</b>, of those engaged in vain pursuits, ib.<span class="bibl">21</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> a kind of <b class="b2">daw</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 617b17</span>; cf. [[λύκιος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">a fish</b>, = [[καλλιώνυμος]], Hices. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.7.282d</span>, <span class="title">Gp.</span>18.14.1. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> a kind of <b class="b2">spider</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>623a2</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span> 734</span>, <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>30.52</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">anything shaped like a hook</b>: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">a jagged bit</b> for hard-mouthed horses, Lat. <b class="b2">lupus</b>, Plu.2.641f; cf. [[λυκοσπάς]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">hook</b> or <b class="b2">knocker</b> on a door, Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">flesh-hook</b>, <span class="bibl">Poll. 10.98</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> nickname of <b class="b3">παιδερασταί</b>, <span class="title">AP</span>12.250 (Strat.), cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 241d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b2">the flower of the iris</b>, Philin. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.15.682a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VIII</span> a kind of <b class="b2">noose</b>, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>7.14</span>, Heraclas ap.<span class="bibl">Orib.48.7</span>, <span class="title">Hippiatr.</span>74. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IX</span> <b class="b2">a pastille used in dysentery</b>, <span class="bibl">Aët.9.49</span> (Latin version). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">X</span> = [[ὀροβάγχη]], v.l. in marg. of Dsc.2.142. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">XI</span> an engine of war for defending gates, <span class="bibl">Procop.<span class="title">Goth.</span>1.21</span>. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">vŕ[null ]kas</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">vi[ltilde]kas</b>, Slav. <b class="b2">vl[ucaron]k[ucaron]</b>, Goth. <b class="b2">wulfs</b>.) </span>
}}
{{pape
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0069.png Seite 69]] ὁ (lupus, nach einigen mit λυκη zufammenhangend, entweder von seiner Farbe, dem Grauen, od. weil er um das Zwielicht auf Raub ausgeht), 1) der<b class="b2"> Wolf</b>, von Hom. an überall. Bei Hom. ist er als eins der größten in Griechenland einheimischen Raubthiere Sinnbild der Gier u. der verwegenen Wildheit, vgl. bes. Il. 16, 156 ff. 352 ff.; ὀρέστεροι, Od. 10, 212; κοιλογάστορες, Aesch. Spt. 1027; [[ὠμόφρων]], Ch. 415; [[λύκος]] κεχηνώς, Ar. Lys. 629, wie [[λύκος]] ἔχανεν, Diogen. 6, 20, von getäuschter Hoffnung; [[λύκος]] οἶν ὑμεναιοῖ sprichwörtlich, Ar. Pax 1042. 1078; vgl. [[λύκος]] καὶ οἶν ποιμαίνει, Diogen. 5, 96; – τρώγεις ὅσα [[πέντε]] λύκοι, Lucill. 24 (XI, 207); – λύκον [[ἰδεῖν]], einen Wolf gesehen haben, d. i. verstummen, weil nach dem Volksglauben der die Sprache verlor, den ein Wolf früher geschen als er den Wolf, Plat. Rep. X, 336 d. Theocr. 14, 22, – ἐκ λύκου στόματος, aus des Wolfes Rachen, ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνελπίστως τι λαμβανόντων, Zenob. 3, 48, – λύκου βίον ζῆν Pol. 16, 24. 4. – 2) auch von einer Fischart, Ath. VII 282 d; – eine Spinnenart, Arist. H. A. 9, 39; Nic. Th. 734; – u. ein Vogel, Arist. H. A. 9, 24. – 3) nach Ath. XV, 682 a die Blüthe der Iris, διὰ τὸ ἐμφερῆ εἶναι λύκου χείλεσιν. – 4) eiserne Haken oder Spitzen, a) scharfe Zacken, Wolfszähne, am Gebiß hartmäuliger Pferde, lupata, Plut. Symp. 2, 8; Hesych. – b) Haken, Klopfer an der Thür, wie [[κόραξ]], u. der Haken am Brunnenseil, an welchem der Eimer hängt, Poll. 10, 31. – c) bei Poll. 10, 98 = [[κρεάγρα]]. – 5) auch die Päderasten heißen so, worauf Strat. 89 (XII, 250) geht; vgl. Plat. Phaedr. 241 d u. Lucill. 5 (XI, 216).
}}
{{ls
|lstext='''λύκος''': [ῠ], ὁ, (ἴδε ἐν τέλ.)· ― Ὅμ., τὸ μέγιστον τῶν ἀγρίων θηρίων ἐν Ἑλλάδι (πρβλ. [[λέων]]), τὸ [[σύμβολον]] λαιμαργίας καὶ σκληρότητος, ἴδε Ἰλ. Π. 156 κἑξ., 352 κἑξ.· τὰ Ὁμηρ. ἐπίθ. τῶν λύκων [[εἶναι]]: πολιοὶ Κ. 334· κρατερώνυχες Ὀδ. Κ. 218· ὀρέστεροι [[αὐτόθι]] 212· ὠμοφάγοι Ἰλ. Π. 156· παρ’ Αἰσχύλ. κοιλογάστορες Θήβ. 1035· οἱ μικροὶ Αἰγύπτιοι λύκοι, ὧν μνημονεύει ὁ Ἡρόδοτος 2. 67, ἦσαν [[ἴσως]] θῶες· ― παροιμ., λύκον ὁρῶ, [[βλέπω]] λύκον, δηλ. [[μένω]] βωβός, ὡς ἐπιστεύετο κοινῶς ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπου ὃν ὁ [[λύκος]] εἶδε πρῶτος, Πλάτ. Πολ. 336D, Θεόκρ. 14. 22· οὕτω, Moerim lupi videre priores Οὐεργ. Ἐκλ. 9. 54, πρβλ. Plin. N. H. 8. 34· λύκου πτερά, ἐπὶ πραγμάτων ἀνυπάρκτων, ὡς «τοῦ πουλιοῦ τὸ [[γάλα]]», Meineke εἰς Κωμ. Ἀποσπ. 2. 245· ὡς [[λύκος]] χανών, ἐπὶ ματαίας προσδοκίας, Εὔβουλ. ἐν «Αὐγ.» 1. 11, πρβλ. Ἀριστοφ. Ἀποσπ. 319, Εὔφρων ἐν «Ἀδελφοῖς» 1. 30· οὕτω, [[λύκος]] κεχηνὼς Ἀριστοφ. Λυσ. 629· [[λύκος]] οἶν ὑμεναιοῖ, ἐπὶ ἀδυνάτου, ὁ αὐτ. ἐν Εἰρήν. 1076, 1112, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Χ. 263· ὡς λύκοι ἄρν’ ἀγαπῶσιν, ἐπὶ δολίας ἢ παρὰ φύσιν ἀγάπης, Ποιητὴς ἐν Πλάτ. Φαίδρ. 241D· λύκου βίον ζῆν, ὅ ἐστι ζῆν δι’ ἁρπαγῆς, παρὰ Πολυβ. 16. 24, 4· ἐκ λύκου στόματος, λαβεῖν τι παρ’ ἐλπίδα, Παροιμιογρ.· τῶν ὤτων ἔχειν τὸν λύκον (lupum teneo auribus Terent.), Ἀπολλόδ. Καρύστ. ἐν «Ἐπιδικαζομένῳ» 5. ΙΙ. [[εἶδος]] κολοιοῦ (πτηνοῦ), Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 9. 24. ΙΙΙ. [[εἶδος]] ἰχθύος Ἀθήν. 282D, Γεωπ. 18. 14, 1. IV. [[εἶδος]] [[ἀράχνης]], Ἀριστ. π. τὰ Ζ. Ἱστ. 9. 39, 1, Νικ. Θηρ. 734. V. πᾶν [[πρᾶγμα]] ἔχον τὸ [[σχῆμα]] ἀγκίστρου· 1) χαλινὸς μετ’ ἀκίδων διὰ σκληροτραχήλους ἵππους, Λατ. lupus, lupatum, Πλούτ. 2. 641F· πρβλ. [[λυκοσπάς]]. 2) [[μάνδαλος]] ἢ [[κόραξ]] θύρας, Ἡσύχ. 3) τὸ ἐν τῇ ἄκρᾳ τοῦ σχοινίου [[ἄγκιστρον]], ἐξ οὗ κρέμαται ὁ [[κάδος]], [[Πολυδ]]. Ι΄, 31, Ἡσύχ. 4) ἡ λαβὶς κρέατος, ὡς τὸ [[κρεάγρα]], [[Πολυδ]]. Ι΄, 98. VI. σκωπτικὸν [[ὄνομα]] τῶν κιναίδων, Φιλῖν. παρ’ Ἀθην. 682Α. VIII. [[εἶδος]] βρόχου, «θηλε~ιᾶς», Γαλην. 4. 468. IX. κατόπιν ἐν χρήσει εἰς δυσεντερίαν, Ἀέτ. (Πρὸς τὸ [[λύκος]] πρβλ. Λατ. lup-us (Σαβ. irp-us ἢ hirp-us)· Γοτθ. vulfs· Ἀρχ. Σκανδ. ulfr· ― ἐκ τοῦ Σανσκρ. v.rik-as, Σλαυ. vlukŭ· Λιθ. vilk-as, φαίνεται ὅτι ἡ [[ῥίζα]] ἦτο ἐν ἀρχῇ ϜΛΥΚ.)
}}
{{bailly
|btext=ου (ὁ, ἡ)<br /><b>1</b> loup, louve, <i>animal</i> : λύκον [[ἰδεῖν]], avoir vu le loup, <i>càd</i> rester muet, selon la croyance populaire;<br /><b>2</b> <i>p. anal.</i> mors très rude pour les chevaux dont la bouche est dure (<i>cf. lat.</i> lupatum).<br />'''Étymologie:''' cf. <i>lat.</i> lupus, <i>skr.</i> vrkas.<br /><i><b>Syn.</b></i> [[κνηκίας]], [[κνηκός]], [[μονιός]], [[μονόλυκος]].
}}
{{Autenrieth
|auten=(ϝλύκος): [[wolf]]; [[symbol]] of bloodthirstiness, Il. 4.471, Il. 11.72.
}}
{{Slater
|sltr=<b>λῠκος</b><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>[[wolf]] [[ποτὶ]] δ' ἐχθρὸν λύκοιο δίκαν ὑποθεύσομαι (P. 2.84)
}}