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{{LaEn
|lnetxt=scribo scribere, scripsi, scriptus V :: [[write]]; [[compose]]
}}
{{Lewis
|lshtext=<b>scrībo</b>: psi, ptum, 3 (<br /><b>I</b> perf. sync. scripsti, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 57: scripstis, Enn. ap. Non. 153, 28, or Trag. v. 239 Vahl.; inf. scripse, Aus. Sept. Sap. Lud. 1; cf. 2. [[dico]] init.), v. a. [[root]] skrabh-, to [[dig]]; [[whence]], Gr. [[γράφω]];> Lat. [[scrobis]], [[scrofa]]; cf. Germ. schreiben, [[prop]]., to [[scratch]], [[grave]], [[engrave]] [[with]] a [[sharp]] [[point]]; [[hence]],<br /><b>I</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit., to [[write]], [[draw]], or [[otherwise]] [[make]] lines, letters, figures, etc. (cf. [[scalpo]]): in [[libro]] cum scribuntur calamo litterae, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 76 sq.: litteras, tabellas, id. Ps. 1, 1, 28: ([[littera]] M) [[etiamsi]] scribitur, [[tamen]] [[parum]] exprimitur, Quint. 9, 4, 40; cf. id. 1, 7, 28: nostri praeceptores cervum servumque u et o litteris scripserunt, id. 1, 7, 26; cf. id. 1, 7, 4; 1, 7, 20; 1, 7, 30; 12, 10, 28; 12, 10, 30: [[terra]] in augurum libris scripta cum r uno, Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.: hic [[carmen]] mediā [[scribe]] columnā, Prop. 4 (5), 7, 83; cf.: scribitur vestris Cynthia corticibus, id. 1, 18, 22; Ov. M. 9, 527; Luc. 2, 343: in aquā, Cat. 68, 4; cf. also: fac [[lapis]] his [[scriptus]] stet [[super]] ossa notis: hic jacet, etc., Tib. 1, 3, 54 ([[but]] the [[better]] [[reading]] is inscriptis): scribere [[decore]], to [[write]] a [[good]] [[hand]], Amm. 30, 9, 4: erat [[scriptum]] ipsius manu, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10: suā manu scripsit, Liv. 37, 10.—Of [[drawing]], etc.: si [[quis]] fugitivo stigmata scripserit, has branded a [[runaway]], Quint. 7, 4, 14; cf.: charaxat ambas ungulis scribentibus genas, Prud. στεφ. 10, 557: totius [[vobis]] Frontem tabernae scipionibus scribam, Cat. 37, 10: ([[Diodotus]] [[Stoicus]]) geometriae [[munus]] tuebatur, verbis [[praecipiens]] discentibus, [[unde]], quo quamque lineam scriberent, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 113: ut formam ([[porticus]]) [[secundum]] rationem loci scribas, [[draw]], [[design]], Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5; Stat. S. 1, 3, 9: quae Attalicis variata per artem Aulaeis scribuntur acu, i. e. are [[embroidered]], Sil. 14, 660: scripto radiat Germanicus [[auro]], i. e. sculpto, Juv. 6, 205; cf. Mart. 11, 5, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Trop.: [[memor]] essem? [[etiam]] [[nunc]] mihi Scripta [[illa]] dicta sunt in [[animo]] Chrysidis De Glycerio, [[graven]], imprinted (syn.: inscripta, insculpta), Ter. And. 1, 5, 48: arva sanguineo scribit rutilantia [[gyro]], Stat. Th. 11, 514.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic., [[with]] the [[accessory]] [[idea]] of [[intellectual]] [[action]], of written [[composition]] of [[every]] [[kind]], to [[write]], [[write]] [[down]], [[compose]], [[describe]], [[depict]]; to [[draw]] up, [[communicate]], [[announce]] in [[writing]] (syn.: [[compono]], [[perscribo]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc.: [[quoniam]] de re publicā [[multa]] quaesierint et scripserint, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: Cn. [[Aufidius]] [[praetorius]] ([[caecus]]) Graecam scribebat historiam, id. Tusc. 5, 38, 112; so, historiam, id. de Or. 2, 12, 51; id. Brut. 75, 262: [[bellum]], Liv. 21, 1: res gestas, Hor. A. P. 74; id. Ep. 1, 3, 7 al.: librum de rebus rusticis, Cic. Sen. 15, 54: scripsi [[etiam]] versibus [[tres]] libros de temporibus meis, id. Fam. 1, 9, 23: in Catone Majore, qui est [[scriptus]] ad te de senectute, id. Lael. 1, 4: [[carmen]] in aliquem, id. de Or. 2, 86, 352: [[Furius]] defensionem causae suae scripsit, id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112; cf. Quint. 2, 15, 29: libellos, Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 61; id. P. 4, 13, 19: notas, id. ib. 3, 2, 90: [[Diphilus]] Hanc (fabulam) [[Graece]] scripsit, Plaut. Cas. prol. 33; Ter. Heaut. prol. 43; id. Hec. prol. 6 (cf. also [[infra]], δ): [[versus]], Lucr. 1, 24; Hor. S. 1, 9, 23; 1, 10, 60: carmina, id. ib. 2, 5, 74; id. Ep. 1, 19, 3: poëmata, id. ib. 2, 2, 66 et saep.; cf.: scripsere alii rem Versibus, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 221 Vahl.): formam et situm agri alicui, to [[describe]], Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 4 et saep.—Of written communications, letters, etc.: epistulis tuis perdiligenter scriptis, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1; cf. Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 1: haec scripsi [[properans]], Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5: litteras, quas ad Pompeium scripsi, [[tibi]] misi, id. ib. 3, 9, 3: litterae [[extemplo]] Romam scriptae, Liv. 41, 16: plura ad te scribam, si, etc., Cic. Att. 11, 10, 3: scriberem ad te de hoc plura, si Romae esses, id. ib. 6, 4, 11: haec ad te scripsi verbosius, id. Fam. 7, 3, 5: scriptā jam epistulā superiore, id. ib. 1, 9, 26: non quo haberem, [[quod]] [[tibi]] scriberem, id. Att. 4, 4, a: epistulam, Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 8 et saep.: scribere salutem, to [[send]] a [[greeting]], Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 77; cf.: laudes [[atque]] gratias [[populo]] Romano, Gell. 3, 8, 5.—With a [[personal]] [[object]]: nullos [[habeo]] scriptos (homines), [[memini]] [[tamen]], written [[down]], Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48: per eum [[Marium]], quem scripsissem, Cic. Att. 12, 49, 1: [[quis]] Martem [[digne]] scripserit aut...Merionem aut...Tydiden? [[who]] could [[depict]], [[represent]], etc., Hor. C. 1, 6, 14; id. S. 2, 1, 16; cf. in the [[pass]].: scriberis Vario [[fortis]] et hostium [[Victor]], id. C. 1, 6, 1.—With [[two]] acc.: cum [[auctor]] pugnae se A. Cornelium Cossum consulem scripserit, subscribed [[himself]], [[declared]] [[himself]] in the [[inscription]] to be, Liv. 4, 20, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[object]]-[[clause]]: in foribus scribat occupatum esse se, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 15: ut Africanum avum [[meum]] scribit [[Cato]] solitum esse dicere, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 27; id. Att. 1, 8, 1; cf.: Romae [[quod]] scribis sileri, ita putabam, id. ib. 2, 13, 2: [[quod]] ad te scripseram me in Epiro futurum, id. ib. 3, 13, 1: Graeceius ad me scripsit, C. Cassium sibi scripsisse, homines comparari, qui, etc., id. ib. 15, 8, 2: [[Cicero]] quodam [[loco]] scribit, id esse optimum, etc., Quint. 11, 1, 92: [[post]] [[paulo]] scribit, sibi millia [[quinque]] Esse domi chlamydum, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 43 et saep.—In [[pass]]., [[with]] nom. or acc.: [[eadem]] haec [[avis]] scribitur [[conchis]] se solere complere, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125: scribitur nobis, magnam veteranorum multitudinem Romam convenisse jam, etc., Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 1: [[scriptum]] est [[item]], quaesivisse (Socratem), [[quid]] esset, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 123.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With rel.-[[clause]]: nec scribis, [[quam]] ad diem te exspectemus, Cic. Att. 3, 7, 1: [[scribe]] [[aliquando]] ad nos, [[quid]] agas, id. Fam. 7, 12, 2: ad me [[Valerius]] scripsit... quem ad modum ducta esses, etc., id. ib. 14, 2, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: quo (Platone) [[nemo]] in scribendo praestantior fuit, Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 21; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: [[Demophilus]] scripsit, [[Marcus]] vortit [[barbare]], Plaut. As. prol. 11; id. Trin. prol. 19: poëta [[quom]] [[primum]] ad scribendum animum appulit, Ter. And. prol. 1; id. Heaut. prol. 7: sumite materiem vestris, qui scribitis, aequam Viribus, Hor. A. P. 38: sic [[raro]] scribis, ut toto non [[quater]] [[anno]] Membranam poscas, id. S. 2, 3, 1 et saep.: Samiae, ut ibi (i. e. in oratione) scribit [[Laelius]], capedines, Cic. Rep. 6, 2, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 16, 25: ut, [[quemadmodum]] scribit [[ille]], cottidiano, etc., id. ib. 6, 2, 8: [[denique]] non [[video]] de tot scribentibus unum, Ov. Tr. 2, 495.—So freq. of written communications, letters; [[usually]] [[with]] ad aliquem ([[less]] freq. alicui) or de aliquā re: tv si, ut scribis, Kal. Jun. Romā [[profectus]] es, etc., Cic. Att. 3, 9, 3: ego te, ut scribis, [[cito]] videbo, id. ib. 3, 27: [[nihil]] [[habeo]], [[quod]] ad te scribam, [[scribo]] [[tamen]], non ut te delectem, etc., id. ib. 14, 12, 3: [[senatusconsultum]] si erit [[factum]], scribes ad me, id. ib. 5, 4, 2; cf.: scripsi [[etiam]] ad Camillum, ad Lamiam, id. ib. 5, 8, 3: in quā (epistulā) de agro Campano scribis, id. ib. 2, 16, 11: ut [[nuper]] me scis scripsisse ad te de Varronis [[erga]] me [[officio]], etc., id. ib. 2, 25, 1; cf.: Hermae tui Pentelici, de quibus ad me scripsisti, id. ib. 1, 8, 2; 1, 9, 2 et saep.— With ut, ne, etc.: velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant, Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1: ad me scriberet, ut in Italiam [[quam]] [[primum]] venirem, id. ib. 11, 7, 2; 5, 11, 6.— With dat.: consules Fulvio, ut ex Falisco, Postumio, ut ex Vaticano exercitum ad [[Clusium]] admoveant, scribunt, Liv. 10, 27; 42, 27; Tac. A. 1, 29.—With ne: Scipioni scribendum, ne [[bellum]] remitteret, Liv. 30, 23.—With [[simple]] subj.: scribit Labieno, si rei publicae [[commodo]] facere posset, cum legione ad fines Nerviorum veniat, Caes. B. G. 5, 46 fin.—In Tac. also, [[with]] inf.: scribitur tetrarchis ac regibus, jussis Corbulonis obsequi, Tac. A. 15, 25 fin.—In eccl. Lat. as a [[formula]] of [[quotation]] from the Scriptures: [[scriptum]] est, i. e. it is said in Holy Writ, Vulg. Matt. 4, 4; id. Luc. 19, 46; id. Rom. 11, 8 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Publicists', milit., jurid., and [[business]] t. t., of written plans, drafts, and [[other]] writings of [[various]] [[import]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Publicists' t. t., to [[draw]] up, [[draught]] a [[law]], [[decree]], [[treaty]], etc.: [[quod]] proditum [[memoria]] est, X. viros, qui leges scripserint, etc., Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54; so, leges, id. ib. 2, 36, 61; 2, 10, 18; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68 al.; cf. in a transf. signif.: cui non apparet, inopiam et miseriam civitatis istam legem scripsisse, etc., Liv. 34, 6 fin.; and: [[testamentum]], [[quod]] [[pietas]], [[fides]], [[pudor]] scripsit, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 7: haec senatusconsulta non [[ignoro]] ab amicissimis ejus, cujus de honore agitur, scribi solere, Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 2.—So [[very]] freq.: senatusconsulto scribendo, or [[simply]] scribendo adesse, or also, ad scribendum esse, to [[witness]] the [[drawing]] up of a [[decree]] of the Senate; to [[subscribe]] it: erat nobis [[dictum]], te existimare, alicui senatusconsulto, [[quod]] [[contra]] dignitatem tuam fieret, scribendo Lamiam affuisse, qui [[omnino]] consulibus illis [[numquam]] fuit ad scribendum, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2 Orell. N. cr.; cf.: senatusconsulta scribuntur [[apud]] familiarem [[meum]] (i. e. Caesarem). Et [[quidem]] cum in mentem venit (Caesari), ponor ad scribendum (i. e. he adds my [[signature]] to it), id. ib. 9, 15, 4: [[quod]] me esse ad scribendum vides, id. Att. 1, 19, 9; id. Fam. 9, 15, 3: S. C. [[auctoritas]]. Pridie Kal. Octob. in aede Apollinis scrib. affuerunt L. [[Domitius]], etc., an [[official]] [[formula]] ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq. (v. [[assum]]): Boeotorum gentem [[numquam]] ad scribendum amicitiae [[foedus]] adduci potuisse, to [[make]], [[enter]] [[into]], [[conclude]], Liv. 42, 12.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Milit. t. t.: scribere milites (legiones, [[supplementum]], etc.), to [[enlist]], enroll, [[levy]]: milites, Sall. J. 43, 3: legiones, id. C. 32, 1: exercitui [[supplementum]], id. J. 39, 2: [[supplementum]] legionibus, Cic. Fam. 3, 3, 1; Liv. 8, 8: exercitum, id. 4, 43; 9, 8; 9, 19: equites, id. 10, 25; 21, 40; 35, 20: socios navales, id. 37, 2; so, [[too]]: [[sex]] milia colonorum Albam in Aequos, to enroll for the [[purpose]] of [[sending]], to [[send]], id. 10, 1: socios scribere in urbem, id. 4, 11, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Poet., transf.: [[scribe]] tui gregis hunc, enroll him [[among]] [[your]] [[retinue]], Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Jurid. and [[business]] t. t.: dicam scribere (alicui), [[like]] δίκην γράφειν τινί,> to [[bring]] an [[action]] in [[writing]] [[against]] [[any]] one (v. [[dica]]); of a [[lawyer]], to [[draw]] up [[legal]] instruments (complaints or charges, contracts, wills, etc.): [[Servius]] hanc urbanam militiam respondendi, scribendi, cavendi secutus est, Cic. Mur. 9, 19; id. Fam. 7, 14 Manut.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 4, 14: omnia testamenta tu scribes [[unus]], id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; Dig. 28, 2, 25.—Hence, transf., [[with]] a [[personal]] [[object]]: aliquem heredem, to [[appoint]] or [[designate]] [[any]] one as [[heir]]: [[testamentum]] [[palam]] fecerat et illum heredem et me scripserat, Cic. Mil. 18, 48; cf.: in testamento Ptolemaei patris heredes erant scripti, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 108: quem [[Micipsa]] testamento [[secundum]] heredem scripsit, Sall. J. 65, 1; Auct. B. Alex. 33; Plin. [[Pan]]. 43, 1 sq.; Tac. A. 14, 31; Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Juv. 3, 161; 9, 87: aliquem coheredem, Tac. Agr. 43 fin.: aliquem exheredem, to [[disinherit]] [[any]] one by [[will]], Dig. 37, 4, 8, §§ 1 and 6: aliquem tutorem liberis suis, to [[appoint]] as [[guardian]] by [[will]], Cic. Clu. 14, 41: libertatem [[servo]], to [[bequeath]] to a [[slave]] his [[freedom]], Dig. 29, 2, 71.—Of contracts, notes, drafts, etc.: [[pulchre]] scripsti: [[scitum]] syngraphum! Plaut. As. 4, 1, 57: nummos, usuras, etc. (alicui), to [[give]] a [[note]] or [[bond]] for: scribit nummos, id. ib. 2, 4, 34: sibi creditam pecuniam, Dig. 26, 7, 9, § 7: [[genero]] usuras praestandas [[quasi]] ex dotis promissione, ib. 4, 4, 17: lecta est [[cautio]] hujusmodi: Lutius [[Titius]] scripsi, me accepisse a Publio Maevio [[quindecim]] mutua numerata mihi de [[domo]], etc., ib. 12, 1, 40: [[scribe]] [[decem]] (tabulas) a [[Nerio]], [[give]] [[ten]] notes or bonds [[drawn]] up by the [[usurer]] [[Nerius]], Hor. S. 2, 3, 69. scriptos expendere nummos, v. l. ap. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105 (Hold. cautos); cf. [[rescribo]].—Hence, [[scriptum]], i, n., [[something]] written, viz.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> (Acc. to I.) A [[line]]; so [[only]]: [[duodecim]] scripta, a [[game]] played [[with]] colored stones (calculi) on a [[draught]]-[[board]] marked [[into]] spaces by [[twelve]] [[oblique]] lines: [[tibi]] [[concedo]], [[quod]] in [[duodecim]] scriptis [[olim]], ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati poenitet, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 170, 30; cf.: in lusu [[duodecim]] scriptorum cum [[prior]] calculum promovisset essetque [[victus]], etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; v. also [[scriptula]], and Becker, Gall. 3, pp. 261 and 264 sq.: [[duodecim]] scriptis ludere, Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> (Acc. to II.) A written [[composition]], [[writing]], [[treatise]], [[book]], [[work]], etc. ([[most]] freq. in plur.): ex scripto et sententiā [[controversia]] nascitur cum videtur scriptoris [[voluntas]] cum scripto ipso dissentire, the [[writing]], the written [[expression]], Auct. Her. 1, 11, 19: incredibile dictu est, [[quam]] multi [[Graeci]] de harum valvarum pulchritudine [[scriptum]] reliquerunt, [[have]] [[left]] [[something]] written [[concerning]] it, [[speak]] of it in [[their]] writings, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 124; so Quint. 6, 1, 7; cf. in plur., Cic. Rep. 1, 22, 36: [[quod]] a Democrito et Platone in scriptis relictum esse dicunt, id. de Or. 2, 46, 194: [[utinam]] exstarent [[illa]] carmina, quae multis saeculis [[ante]] suam aetatem in epulis esse cantata, in Originibus [[scriptum]] reliquit [[Cato]]! id. Brut. 19, 75: ut ipsis scriptis non ea mandaremus, id. Off. 2, 1, 3: in quo [[libro]] [[scriptum]] hoc invenitur, Quint. 1, 1, 15: [[Hortensius]] erat memoriā tantā, ut quae [[secum]] commentatus esset, ea [[sine]] scripto verbis eisdem redderet, quibus cogitavisset, [[without]] notes, Cic. Brut. 88, 301; cf. on the [[contrary]]: de scripto dicere, to [[speak]] or [[read]] from a written [[paper]]: recitetur [[oratio]], quae [[propter]] rei magnitudinem dicta de scripto est, id. Planc. 30, 74; id. Phil. 10, 2, 5; id. Brut. 12, 46; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; id. Fam. 10, 13, 1: laudavit [[pater]] scripto meo, in a [[speech]] [[composed]] by me, id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 5: adire aliquem scripto, Tac. H. 4, 39: cum eorum inventis scriptisque se oblectent, writings, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 28: [[ardeo]] cupiditate...[[nomen]] ut [[nostrum]] scriptis illustretur et celebretur tuis, id. Fam. 5, 12, 1: scripta recitare, Hor. S. 1, 4, 75: [[nosmet]] Lucili scripta legentes, id. ib. 1, 10, 56: Graecorum Scripta optima, id. Ep. 2, 1, 29: si non accipiet [[scriptum]], Ov. A. A. 1, 469: debueram scripto certior esse tuo, id. H. 6, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Acc. to II. B. 1.) Scriptum legis, and [[simply]] [[scriptum]], a written [[ordinance]], a [[law]]: [[quam]] tu mihi ex ordine recita de legis scripto populi Romani auctionem, Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48: ([[Crassus]]) ita [[multa]] tum [[contra]] [[scriptum]] pro [[aequo]] et bono dixit, ut, etc., id. Brut. 39, 145; cf. id. Inv. 2, 46, 135; 2, 47, 138; cf.: ([[senatus]]) scripto [[illo]] istius sententiam dicere vetabatur, [[rescript]], id. Dom. 26, 69.
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{{Gaffiot
|gf=(1) <b>scrībō</b>,⁶ scrīpsī, scrīptum, ĕre (cf. [[γράφω]]), tr.,<br /><b>1</b> tracer, marquer avec le style, écrire : lineam Cic. Tusc. 5, 113, tracer une ligne ; cervum servumque u et o litteris Quint. 1, 7, 26, écrire les mots cervum, servum avec un u et un o [uo ; ex. seruom ], cf. Quint. 1, 7, 4 ; 1, 7, 20, etc. ; litteræ, quibus scita scribuntur Cic. Leg. 2, 11, les caractères, avec lesquels sont écrits les décrets ; [[terra]] scripta cum r [[uno]] [[Varro]] L. 5, 21, [[terra]] écrit avec un seul r &#124;&#124; alicui stigmata Quint. 7, 4, 14, stigmatiser qqn &#124;&#124; [poét.] : arva sanguineo [[gyro]] Stat. Th. 11, 514, tracer sur le [[sol]] un cercle de sang, cf. Catul. 37, 10<br /><b>2</b> <b> a)</b> mettre par écrit, composer, écrire : historiam Cic. Br. 287, écrire un ouvrage historique ; scripta [[multa]] sunt et scribentur [[fortasse]] plura Cic. Fin. 1, 11, j’ai beaucoup écrit et j’écrirai peut-être davantage ; laudationem mortis Cic. Tusc. 1, 116, écrire, composer un éloge de la mort ; [[multa]] præclare Cic. Br. 32, composer beaucoup d’écrits remarquables ; librum Cic. CM 54 ; litteras ad aliquem Cic. Att. 3, 9, 3, composer un livre, écrire une lettre à qqn ; in Catone Majore, qui [[est]] [[scriptus]] ad te de senectute Cic. Læl. 4, dans mon [[Cato]] [[Major]], qui t’a été dédié et qui traite de la vieillesse ; litteræ honorificentissime scriptæ Cic. Att. 14, 13&nbsp;b, 2, une lettre écrite en [[termes]] si flatteurs ; <b> b)</b> [officiell<sup>t</sup>] rédiger, établir des lois, un sénatusconsulte] : Cic. Rep. 2, 54 ; 2, 61 ; Verr. 2, 5, 177 ; Fam. 15, 6, 2, etc.; [un testament, un traité] Cic. de Or. 2, 24 ; Liv. 42, 12, 5 ; [[non]] scripta, [[sed]] [[nata]] [[lex]] Cic. Mil. 10, une loi [[non]] écrite, mais innée, cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 23 &#124;&#124; [en part.] scribendo [[adesse]] Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 ; ad scribendum [[esse]] Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9, assister à la rédaction d’un sénatusconsulte &#124;&#124; [d’où] scribere, employer tels ou tels [[termes]] dans un [[acte]] : Cic. Br. 195 ; 197 ; [[quod]] [[scriptum]] [[est]] Cic. Br. 196, la lettre d’un [[acte]] ; <b> c)</b> rédiger des discours déjà prononcés] : Cic. Br. 91 ; Tusc. 4, 55 ; <b> d)</b> écrire = décrire, raconter : rem versibus Enn. d. Cic. Br. 76, raconter les faits en vers, traiter un sujet en vers ; [[res]] gestas alicujus Hor. P. 74, écrire les exploits de qqn ; [[bellum]] Liv. 21, 1, 1, raconter une guerre ; scriberis hostium [[victor]] Hor. O. 1, 6, 1, tu seras (décrit) célébré dans ta victoire sur les ennemis ; <b> e)</b> [avec prop. inf.] écrire que, mentionner que, raconter que : Cic. Rep. 1, 27 &#124;&#124; [pass.] hæc [[avis]] scribitur solere... Cic. Nat. 2, 124, on raconte que cet oiseau a l’habitude, cf. Tusc. 1, 114 ; [[scriptum]] [[est]] quæsivisse Socratem... Cic. Div. 1, 123, on rapporte que Socrate demanda... (nous lisons que...); <b> f)</b> abs<sup>t</sup>] écrire, composer, faire des ouvrages : Cic. Off. 2, 4 ; Tarentinis scribere Cic. Fin. 1, 7, écrire pour les [[gens]] de Tarente &#124;&#124; [[Plato]] [[quo]] [[nemo]] in scribendo præstantior fuit Cic. Rep. 2, 21, [[Platon]], que personne ne surpassa comme écrivain, cf. Cic. Rep. 3, 13<br /><b>3</b> [en parl. de lettres] faire savoir par écrit, écrire : <b> a)</b> scribes ad me Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2, tu m’écriras ; scripsi ad Lamiam Cic. Att. 5, 8, 3, j’ai écrit à [[Lamia]] ; ut scribis Cic. Att. 3, 27, comme tu me le [[dis]] dans ta lettre ; scripsi ad te de Varronis [[erga]] me [[officio]] Cic. Att. 2, 25, 1, je t’ai parlé des bons offices de Varron à mon égard, cf. Cic. Att. 2, 16, 1, etc. ; <b> b)</b> [avec prop. inf.]: Græceius ad me scripsit C.&nbsp;Cassium [[sibi]] scripsisse... Cic. Att. 15, 8, 2, Græceius m’a écrit que C.&nbsp;[[Cassius]] lui avait écrit que...; <b> c)</b> [avec idée d’ordre, de conseil] ou subj. seul ou ut et subj. : scribit Labieno... veniat Cæs. G. 5, 46, 4, il écrit à Labiénus de venir ; cf. Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 2 fin ; ad me scripsit ut in Italiam [[quam]] [[primum]] venirem Cic. Att. 11, 7, 2, il m’a écrit de venir le [[plus]] tôt possible en Italie, cf. Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1 ; scribam ad illos ut... ne [[cui]] negent Cic. Phil. 2, 32, je leur écrirai de ne répondre [[non]] à personne ; Scipioni scribendum, ne [[bellum]] remitteret Liv. 30, 23, 5, [il disait] qu’il fallait écrire à Scipion de ne pas ralentir la guerre [av. inf.] Tac. Ann. 15, 25<br /><b>4</b> [en part.]: <b> a)</b> inscrire, enrôler des soldats : Cic. Fam. 3, 3, 1 ; Sall. C. 32, 1 ; J. 43, 3 ; Liv. 21, 40, 3, etc. &#124;&#124; [[sex]] [[milia]] colonorum Albam in Æquos Liv. 10, 1, 1, inscrire six [[mille]] colons pour Albe chez les Èques &#124;&#124; [fig.] scribe [[tui]] [[gregis]] [[hunc]] Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 13, inscris-le dans ta troupe, parmi tes compagnons ; <b> b)</b> mentionner qqn dans son testament, instituer qqn comme héritier : aliquem heredem Cic. Mil. 48 ; aliquem [[secundum]] heredem Sall. J. 65, 1, instituer qqn héritier ; héritier en second, cf. Hor. S. 2, 5, 48 ; <b> c)</b> inscrire sur le livre de comptes : nummos Pl. As. 440, faire un billet [de reconnaissance d’une dette], cf. Dig. 26, 7, 9, 7 ; scribe [[decem]] (tabulas) a [[Nerio]] Hor. S. 2, 3, 69, fais souscrire dix billets avec les formules dictées par Nérius. pf. sync. scripsti Pl. As. 802, scripstis Enn. Scen. 211 ; inf. [[scripse]] Lucil. Sat. 818 [noté scribsisse ou scribse par Marx].<br />(2) <b>scrībō</b>, ōnis, m., qui inscrit, recruteur : S. Greg. Ep. 12, 30.
}}
{{Georges
|georg=scrībo, scrīpsī, scrīptum, ere (vgl. griech. [[σκάριφος]], [[Stift]], [[Griffel]], meton. [[Umriß]], [[Zeichnung]], σκαριφασθαι, [[ritzen]] u. [[zeichnen]]), [[mit]] einem [[spitzen]] [[Griffel]] [[graben]], [[einzeichnen]], [[zeichnen]], Züge, Linien, Figuren, Buchstaben [[machen]], [[schreiben]], I) [[zeichnen]], [[reißen]], [[ziehen]], 1) im allg.: stigmata fugitivo, [[einen]] entlaufenen Sklaven [[brandmarken]], Quint.: lineam, Cic. – 2) prägn.: a) [[bezeichnen]], [[bemalen]], [[totius]] frontem tabernae scorpionibus, Catull. 37, 10: [[arva]] sanguineo scribit rutilantia [[gyro]], Stat. Theb. 11, 514. – b) [[etwas]] [[zeichnen]], [[entwerfen]], [[beschreiben]], [[von]] etw. [[einen]] [[Abriß]] [[machen]], in [[linea]] [[trigonum]] paribus lateribus et intervallis, Vitr.: formam, Plin. ep.: scribetur [[tibi]] [[forma]] et [[situs]] agri, Hor. – II) [[schreiben]], 1) im allg.: litteram, Cic.: meā manu scriptae [[litterae]] ([[Brief]]), Cic.: erat [[scriptum]] ipsius manu, Cic.: [[itaque]] [[terra]] in augurum libris scripta cum R [[uno]], [[Varro]] LL.: Ch. Fassus es Charmidem dedisse [[aurum]] [[tibi]]. Suc. Scriptum [[quidem]], ja, geschriebenes, ja, [[auf]] dem [[Papier]], Plaut.: ut [[scriptum]] ([[schwarz]] [[auf]] [[weiß]]) [[aut]] obsignatum [[aut]] [[depositum]], Cic.: [[nihil]] erat [[clausum]], [[nihil]] obsignatum, [[nihil]] [[scriptum]] ([[als]] vorhanden aufgeführt, inventarisiert), Cic.: [[liber]] minutioribus litteris [[scriptus]], Sen.: [[historia]] minutissime scripta, Sen.: absol., scribere [[decore]], eine schöne (hübsche) [[Hand]] [[schreiben]], Amm. 30, 9, 4. – bildl., [[mihi]] scripta [[illa]] dicta sunt in [[animo]], eingeprägt, Ter. Andr. 383. – 2) insbes.: a) [[etwas]] [[beschreiben]], unam (sortem) excĭdisse [[ita]] scriptam, Liv.: [[columna]] litteris gentis [[eius]] scripta, Curt. 10, 1 (2), 14: postes [[hinc]] et [[inde]] totos, Mart. 1, 117, 11: ceram ossibus (= stilis osseis), Isid. orig. 6, 9, 2: [[scriptus]] et [[aeterno]] [[nunc]] [[primum]] [[Iuppiter]] [[auro]], [[mit]] [[einer]] goldenen Weihinschrift [[für]] [[ewig]] [[versehen]], [[durch]] eine goldene [[Inschrift]] verewigt, Mart. 11, 4, 3. – b) an jmd. [[schreiben]], ihm [[schriftlich]] [[melden]], ad alqm u. alci, Cic.: ad alqm de alqo ([[einen]] an jmd. [[empfehlen]]) accuratissime ([[sehr]]), Cic.: salutem ([[einen]] [[Gruß]]), Plaut.: m. folg. Fragesatz, diplomata, quorum [[dies]] praeteriit an [[omnino]] observari et [[quam]] [[diu]] velis [[rogo]] scribas, Plin. ep. 10, 45 (54); vgl. 10, 116 (117), 1. – [[Passiv]] m. Acc. u. Infin., scribitur [[nobis]] multitudinem convenisse, Cic.: [[mit]] Nom. u. Infin., [[haec]] [[avis]] scribitur solere etc., Cic. – c) [[schreiben]], [[schriftlich]] [[auftragen]], [[verlangen]], [[bitten]], [[befehlen]], si [[quid]] ad me scripseris, Cic.: m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., [[velim]] domum ad te scribas, ut [[mihi]] tui libri pateant, Cic.: collegae scripsit, Aquileiam ut veniret, Liv.: Scipioni scribendum, ne [[bellum]] remitteret, Liv.: m. folg. bl. Coniunctiv, scribit Labieno, veniat, Caes.: [[mit]] folg. Infin., scribitur tetrarchis... iussis Corbulonis obsequi, Tac. – d) [[schreiben]], [[schriftlich]] [[aufsetzen]], [[verfertigen]], [[verfassen]], [[niederschreiben]], libros, Cic.: defensionem, Cic.: historiam, Cic.: epistulam ad alqm, Quint.: scripsisse [[aliquid]] in Antonium, Liv. fr.: sunt [[alii]] scriptae quibus [[alea]] luditur artes, [[andere]] [[haben]] die [[Kunst]], [[mit]] [[Würfeln]] zu [[spielen]], beschrieben, Ov. – dicam alci scribere, [[gegen]] jmd. eine Anklageschrift ([[Klage]]) [[einreichen]], Cic.: leges, Gesetze [[machen]], [[schriftlich]] [[verfassen]], Cic.: [[foedus]] amicitiae, [[machen]], Liv.: [[senatus]] [[consultum]], Cic.: so [[auch]] [[adesse]] scribendo, [[gegenwärtig]] [[sein]], [[wenn]] der [[Senatsbeschluß]] [[schriftlich]] abgefaßt wird, Cic.: [[ebenso]] [[auch]] [[esse]] ad scribendum, Cic. – absol., α) [[schreiben]] = etw. Gelehrtes [[ausarbeiten]], [[bes]]. Gedichte, ad scribendum animum appulit, [[etwas]] zu [[schreiben]], zu [[dichten]], Ter.: se ad scribendi [[studium]] contulit, zum Dichten, Cic.: ad scribendum se contulit, er wurde [[Schriftsteller]], [[Hieron]]. de [[vir]]. ill. 80. – β) [[schreiben]] = [[von]] [[etwas]] [[schriftlich]] [[handeln]] [[oder]] [[reden]], de Alexandri laudibus, Gell.: ut [[Plutarchus]] scribit, Gell.: [[hac]] [[super]] re scribam ad te, Cic.: scripsit [[super]] [[hoc]] plenissime [[octo]] voluminibus, [[Hieron]].: [[maior]] scribendi [[diligentia]], eine sorgfältigere [[Darstellung]], Eutr. – γ) [[von]] Rechtsgelehrten, Urkunden [[aller]] [[Art]] (Testamente, Verträge, Klagformeln usw.) [[abfassen]], [[haec]] urbana [[militia]] respondendi, scribendi, cavendi, Cic. Mur. 19. – e) m. dopp. Acc., α) [[als]] den u. den [[schreiben]], [[auf]] etw. [[setzen]], cum... se A. Cornelium Cossum consulem scripserit, [[sich]] [[als]] [[Konsul]] A. Kornelius Kossus daraufgesetzt ([[auf]] das Weih, geschenk), unterschrieben hat, Liv. 4, 20, 11. – β) [[schriftlich]] [[ernennen]], [[einsetzen]], [[festsetzen]]- alqm heredem (zum [[Erben]]), Cic.: alqm heredem [[secundum]], Hor.: alqm alci scribere coheredem, Sen. u. Tac. (vgl. in testamento alcis heredem [[scriptum]] [[esse]], Caes.): so alqm tutorem, Cic. – f) [[schriftlich]] [[aussetzen]], alci [[legatum]], [[vermachen]], Plin. ep.: u. so [[servo]] libertatem, ICt. – g) [[als]] t. t. der Geschäftssprache, [[bei]] Wechselgeschäften, [[Anweisung]] zur Auszahlung [[von]] [[Geld]] an jmd. [[geben]], [[durch]] [[Anweisung]] od. [[Wechsel]] an jmd. [[zahlen]], alci nummos, Plaut. asin. 440: scribe [[decem]] a [[Nerio]], [[laß]] (dem [[Schuldner]]) 10000 Sesterze [[durch]] (den [[Wechsler]]) [[Nerius]] [[auszahlen]], Hor. [[sat]]. 2, 3, 69; s. Bentley Hor. [[sat]]. 2, 3, 76; ep. 2, 1, 105; vgl. [[rescribo]]. – h) [[beschreiben]], [[besingen]], [[schildern]], [[von]] jmd. [[schreiben]], [[singen]], [[Marium]], Cic.: [[Cyrus]] [[ille]] a Xenophonte [[non]] ad historiae fidem [[scriptus]], Cic.: [[fons]] [[supra]] [[scriptus]], Vitr.: scriberis Vario [[fortis]], Hor. – i) [[als]] publiz. u. milit. t. t., Kolonisten, Soldaten usw. [[anwerben]], [[ausheben]], milites, Sall. (vgl. ex his tribubus scriptos iuniores [[duo]] tribuni ad [[bellum]] duxere, Liv.): exercitum, Liv.: legiones, Sall.: [[quattuor]] [[milia]] [[peditum]], Liv.: milites in [[supplementum]], Liv.: [[supplementum]] legionibus, Cic.: socios navales, Matrosen [[ausheben]], Liv.: [[quinque]] [[milia]] colonorum Capuam ([[nach]] K.), Liv.: u. so [[sex]] [[milia]] colonorum Albam in Aequos, Liv.: novorum militum ea [[pars]], [[quae]] scripta in Histriam provinciam esset, Liv. – übtr., v. anderen Personen, scribe tui [[gregis]] [[hunc]], zähle ihn [[unter]] deine Freunde, Hor. ep. 1, 9, 13. – k) m. dopp. Akk., [[als]] der und der [[unterschreiben]] = seinen Namen [[setzen]], cum... se A. Cornelium Cossum scripserit, [[als]] [[Konsul]] A. Kornelius Kossus ([[auf]] das [[Weihgeschenk]]) seinen Namen [[gesetzt]] hat, Liv. 4, 20, 11. / Synk. Perf. scripsti, Plaut. asin. 802: scripstis, Enn, fr. scen. 211: Infin. [[scripse]], [[Auson]]. sept. sap. lud. 1. p. 105 Schenkl. – [[auch]] scribsisse u. scribturum geschrieben, Lucil. 818.
}}
{{LaZh
|lnztxt=scribo, is, psi, ptum, bere. 3. :: 寫字。作書。記上。畫。記載。— leges 定律例。— eum haeredem 遺家貲與彼。— salutem ei 致書問候彼。— ei nummos 給銀單。— supplementum legionibus 調兵補隊伍。— milites 調兵。— sua manu 親手寫。— notis 簡筆寫。— Apollinem 畫某神。— in aqua 捕風捉影。
}}
{{trml
|trtx====[[write]]===
Abkhaz: аҩра; Acehnese: tuléh; Afrikaans: skryf; Akan: kyerɛw; Aklanon: sueat; Albanian: shkruaj; Amharic: ጻፈ, ደረሰ; Andi: хъвару; Arabic: كَتَبَ; Egyptian Arabic: كتب; Gulf Arabic: كِتَب; Aragonese: escribir; Aramaic: ܟܬܒܬܐ; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܬܒ; Hebrew: כתב; Armenian: գրել; Aromanian: scriu; Assamese: লিখ, লেখ; Asturian: escribir; Aukan: sikiifi; Avar: хъвазе; Azerbaijani: yazmaq; Bashkir: яҙыу; Basque: idatzi; Belarusian: пісаць напісаць; Bengali: লেখা; Bhojpuri: लिखल; Bikol Central: surat; Breton: skrivañ; Bulgarian: пиша; Burmese: ရေး, စာရေး; Catalan: escriure; Cebuano: sulat; Chechen: йаз дан; Chichewa: -lemba; Chickasaw: holissochi; Chinese Cantonese: [[寫]], [[写]]; Dungan: ще; Eastern Min: 寫, 写; Gan: 寫, 写; Hakka: 寫, 写; Hokkien: 寫, 写; Jin: 寫, 写; Mandarin: [[寫]], [[写]], [[撰寫]]; Northern Min: 寫, 写; Wu: 寫, 写; Xiang: 寫, 写; Chukchi: кэԓичитык; Chuvash: ҫыр; Classical Syriac: ܟܬܒ; Coptic: ⲥϧⲁⲓ; Cornish: scryfa; Crimean Tatar: yazmaq; Czech: psát, napsat; Danish: skrive; Dhivehi: ލިޔަނީ; Dutch: [[schrijven]]; Dzongkha: ཡི་གུ་བྲི; Esperanto: skribi; Estonian: kirjutama; Evenki: дуку-; Ewe: ŋlɔ; Extremaduran: escrebil; Farefare: gʋlsɛ; Faroese: rita, skriva; Fataluku: kerekere; Finnish: kirjoittaa; French: [[écrire]]; Old French: escrivre, escrire; Friulian: scrivi; Galician: escribir; Ge'ez: ጸሐፈ, ከተበ; Georgian: დაწერა, მიწერა; German: [[schreiben]]; Alemannic German: schriibe; Gothic: 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽; Greek: [[γράφω]]; Ancient Greek: [[γράφω]], [[ξυγγράφω]], [[συγγράφω]]; Greenlandic: allappoq; Guaraní: hai; Gujarati: લખવું; Haitian Creole: ekri; Hawaiian: kākau; Hebrew: כָּתַב; Higaonon: tagsulat; Hindi: लिखना; Hungarian: ír; Icelandic: skrifa; Ido: skribar; Indonesian: menulis; Ingrian: kirjuttaa; Ingush: язде; Inuktitut: ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ; Irish: scríobh; Istriot: screîvi; Italian: [[scrivere]]; Japanese: 書く; Javanese: nulis; Jingpho: ka; Kabuverdianu: skrebi; Kaingang: rán; Kannada: ಬರೆ; Kashmiri: لیکھُن; Kashubian: napisz; Kazakh: жазу; Khmer: សរសេរ; Korean: 쓰다, 적다; Kurdish Central Kurdish: نوسین; Northern Kurdish: nivîsîn, nivîsîn, nivîsandin; Kyrgyz: жазуу; Laboya: tolha; Ladin: scriver; Ladino: eskrivir; Lao: ຂຽນ; Latgalian: raksteit; Latin: [[scribo]]; Latvian: rakstīt; Lingala: koma; Lithuanian: rašyti; Lombard: scriv; Low German: schrieven; Luganda: -wandiika; Macedonian: пишува; Makasae: kereke; Malay: tulis; Maltese: kiteb; Manchu: ᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ; Mansaka: solat; Maori: tuhi; Marathi: लिहिणे; Mariupol Greek: графту; Mauritian Creole: ekrir; Mbyá Guaraní: mbopara; Middle English: writen; Middle Low German: wrīten, schrīven; Middle Persian: 𐭭𐭯𐭩𐭱𐭲𐭭; Mirandese: screbir; Mongolian Cyrillic: бичих; Mongolian: ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ; Moore: gʋlse; Nahuatl Classical: ihcuiloa; Highland Puebla: quijcui̱lo̱a; Mecayapan: quijcuilohua; Northern Puebla: quiihcuilohua; Tetelcingo: qui̱jcui̱loa; Nanai: ниру-; Navajo: akʼeʼełchí; Nepali: लेख्नु; Ngazidja Comorian: hwandziha, ≈ for hwandzishia; Norman: écrire, êcrithe; North Frisian Föhr-Amrum: skriiw; Mooring: schriwe; Northern Sami: čállit; Norwegian Bokmål: skrive; Nynorsk: skriva; Occitan: escriure; Odia: ଲେଖ; Ojibwe: ozhibii'ige; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: пьсати; Old East Slavic: писати; Old English: wrītan; Old Frisian: skrīva; Old Norse: ríta; Old Saxon: wrītan, skrīƀan; Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃; Oromo: barreessuu; Ossetian: фыссын; Pangasinan: mansulat; Pannonian Rusyn: писац, написац; Papiamentu: skirbi; Pashto: کاږل, کويښل, کوښل; Pennsylvania German: schreiwe; Persian Dari: نَوِشْتَن; Iranian Persian: نِوِشْتَن; Piedmontese: scrive; Polish: pisać, napisać, pisywać; Portuguese: [[escrever]], [[redigir]]; Punjabi: ਲਿਖਣਾ; Purepecha: karáni; Romanian: scrie; Romansch: scriver, screiver; Russian: [[писать]], [[написать]]; Samoan: tusi; Sanskrit: लिखति; Sardinian: iscri, iscribere, iscriere, iscriri, iscrivere, scriri; Scots: scrieve; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: писати; Roman: písati; Shan: တႅမ်ႈ; Sherpa: བྲིག; Sicilian: scrìviri; Sindhi: لکڻ; Sinhalese: ලියනවා; Slovak: písať, napísať; Slovene: pisati; Somali: qorid; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: pisaś, napisaś; Upper Sorbian: pisać, napisać; Sotho: ngola; Southern Ohlone: enne; Spanish: [[escribir]]; Sranan Tongo: skrifi; Swahili: kuandika; Swedish: skriva; Sylheti: ꠟꠦꠈꠣ; Tagalog: sumulat, isulat; Tahitian: papai; Tajik: навиштан; Talysh: nıvışte; Tamil: எழுது; Tatar: язарга; Tausug: sulat, tulis; Tetum: hakerek; Thai: เขียน, ขีด; Tibetan: འབྲི; Tocharian B: pik-; Tok Pisin: rait, raitim; Tongan: tohi; Tumbuka: lemba; Turkish: yazmak; Turkmen: ýazmak; Udmurt: гожъяны; Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎚𐎁; Ukrainian: писати, написати; Urdu: لِکْھنا; Uyghur: يازماق; Uzbek: yozmoq; Venetan: scrivar, scriver; Vietnamese: viết, ghi; Walloon: scrire; Welsh: ysgrifennu; West Frisian: skriuwe; Western Bukidnon Manobo: surat; Yagnobi: нипишак; Yakut: суруй; Yiddish: שרײַבן; Yoruba: kọ; Yucatec Maya: tsʼíib, tsʼíibt; Zazaki: nusayîş, nuştiş; Zhuang: sij, raiz
}}