View source for barbarus

{{LaEn
|lnetxt=barbarus barbara -um, barbarior -or -us, barbarissimus -a -um ADJ :: foreign, of/used by/typical of foreigners; cruel, savage; uncivilized, uncouth<br />barbarus barbarus barbari N M :: barbarian, uncivilized person; foreigner (not Greek/Roman)
}}
{{Lewis
|lshtext=<b>barbărus</b>: a, um (<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur. m. [[barbarum]], Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = [[βάρβαρος]] [cf. [[barrio]]; [[balo]], [[balbus]]; [[blatio]].<br /><b>I</b> Prop., [[foreign]], [[strange]], [[barbarous]], opp. to Greek or Roman.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.: [[hospes]], Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25: mixta facit Graiis [[barbara]] [[turba]] metum, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6: reges, id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in [[barbarum]], adverb., in the [[manner]] or according to the [[custom]] of foreigners or barbarians: [[civitas]] [[potens]], [[neque]] in [[barbarum]] corrupta, Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a [[foreigner]], [[stranger]], [[barbarian]]: [[sin]] hoc et [[ratio]] doctis et [[necessitas]] barbaris praescripsit, Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157: quo [[neque]] [[noster]] adit [[quisquam]], nec [[barbarus]] audet, Lucr. 6, 37: [[quippe]] [[simul]] nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30: barbarorum soli [[prope]] [[Germani]] singulis uxoribus contenti, Tac. G. 18: [[barbari]] praestabant non modicam humanitatem, Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp., of a [[particular]] [[people]], in opp. to Greek or Roman or [[both]]; cf.: Romanus Graiusque ac [[barbarus]] induperator, Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: [[barbaria]], [[barbaricus]], and Fest. s. v. [[barbari]], p. 36 Müll.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (In the [[mouth]] of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin ([[never]] so used by the Romans): nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes), Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40: i, stultior es barbaro Poticio, id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut [[tantum]] barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (φ) adhibere, aut [[recto]] casu [[Graece]] loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In the [[mouth]] of a Macedonian: cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis [[bellum]] est eritque, Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In [[reference]] to the inhabitants of [[Pontus]]: [[barbarus]] hic ego [[sum]], [[quia]] non intellegor ulli, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Phrygian: [[tibia]], Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.: sonante mixtum tibiis [[carmen]] lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis [[barbarum]], Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Persian, a Persian: solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the [[king]] of the Persians is called [[barbarus]], Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3; and [[high]] officers of the [[king]], [[barbari]], id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.: Romanum [[agmen]] ad similitudinem [[barbari]] [[incessus]] convertere, Tac. A. 3, 33.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., for [[any]] [[hostile]] [[people]] ([[among]] the Romans, [[after]] the Aug. [[age]], esp. the German tribes, as, [[among]] the Greeks, [[after]] the Persian [[war]], the Persians): [[opinio]], quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5: ut sunt fluxioris fidei [[barbari]], id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; [[even]] of the Dassaretians, a Greek [[people]], Liv. 31, 33, 5; [[while]] the Romans did not [[elsewhere]] [[use]] [[barbarus]] for Greek.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., [[foreign]], [[strange]], in [[mind]] or [[character]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[mind]], [[uncultivated]], [[ignorant]]; [[rude]], [[unpolished]]: qui aliis [[inhumanus]] ac [[barbarus]], [[isti]] uni [[commodus]] ac [[disertus]] videretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23: ecqua [[civitas]] est... aut tam [[potens]] aut tam libera aut [[etiam]] tam inmanis ac [[barbara]], etc., id. ib. 2, 4, 11, § 24: nationes, Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27: [[Maroboduus]]... natione [[magis]] [[quam]] ratione [[barbarus]], Vell. 2, 108, 2.—Comp., of verses: non sunt [[illa]] suo barbariora [[loco]], Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of [[character]], [[wild]], [[savage]], [[cruel]], [[barbarous]]: [[neque]] tam [[barbari]] linguā et natione [[illi]], [[quam]] tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112: [[immanis]] ac [[barbara]] [[consuetudo]] hominum immolandorum, id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21: [[gens]], id. Sull. 27, 76: homines, id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81: [[homo]], id. ib. 2, 5, 57, § 148: [[pirata]], id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146: praedones, id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48: tollite [[barbarum]] Morem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 2: [[Medea]], id. Epod. 5, 61: [[domina]], id. C. 3, 27, 66: libidines, id. ib. 4, 12, 7: [[ignis]], Ov. M. 14, 574: [[populus]], Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.— * Comp.: sacra barbariora, Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in [[use]].—Hence, adv.: barbărē.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Prop., as a [[foreigner]] would, in a [[foreign]] [[tongue]]: [[Demophilus]] scripsit; [[Marcus]] vortit [[barbare]], i. e. [[into]] Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. [[barbarus]], I. B. 1. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Rudely, [[ignorantly]], in an [[uncultivated]] [[way]]: si grammaticum se [[professus]] [[quispiam]] [[barbare]] loqueretur, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12: ut is, a quo insolenter [[quid]] aut [[minaciter]] aut [[crudeliter]] [[dictum]] [[sit]], [[barbare]] [[locutus]] existimetur, Quint. 1, 5, 9: tota [[saepe]] theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse [[barbare]] scimus, id. 1, 6, 45.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Rudely, roughly, [[barbarously]], [[cruelly]]: [[dulcia]] [[barbare]] Laedentem oscula, Hor. C. 1, 13, 15: [[ferociter]] et [[barbare]] facere, Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2.
}}
{{Gaffiot
|gf=<b>barbărus</b>,⁷ a, um ([[βάρβαρος]]), (comp. barbarior : Ov. P. 3, 2, 78 ; Tr. 5, 1, 2 )<br /><b>1</b> [[barbare]], étranger [= Latin, pour les Grecs] : Pl. Curc. 150 ; Mil. 211 ; Most. 828 ; St. 193<br /><b>2</b> [[barbare]], étranger [= tous les pays sauf les Grecs et les Romains] : Cic. Pomp. 23 ; Marc. 8 ; Pis. 91 ; Verr. 2, 5, 160 ; Font. 23, etc.; Cæs. G. 1, 40, 9, etc. &#124;&#124; n. pris subst<sup>t</sup> : in [[barbarum]] Tac. Ann. 6, 42 ; H. 5, 2, à la manière [[barbare]]<br /><b>3</b> [[barbare]], [[inculte]], sauvage : Cic. Amer. 146 ; Verr. 2, 4, 148 ; Fl. 24 ; Phil. 3, 15 ; Tusc. 2, 52, etc.<br /><b>4</b> [en parl. du langage] [[barbare]], incorrect : Cic. Or. 157 ; Att. 1, 19, 10 ; Quint. 1, 6, 30. etc.; Gell. 5, 21, 11 &#124;&#124; v. art. [[barbari]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; gén. pl. -um, v. [[barbari]].||n. pris subst<sup>t</sup> : in [[barbarum]] Tac. Ann. 6, 42 ; H. 5, 2, à la manière [[barbare]]<br /><b>3</b> [[barbare]], [[inculte]], sauvage : Cic. Amer. 146 ; Verr. 2, 4, 148 ; Fl. 24 ; Phil. 3, 15 ; Tusc. 2, 52, etc.<br /><b>4</b> [en parl. du langage] [[barbare]], incorrect : Cic. Or. 157 ; Att. 1, 19, 10 ; Quint. 1, 6, 30. etc.; Gell. 5, 21, 11||v. art. [[barbari]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; gén. pl. -um, v. [[barbari]].
}}
{{Georges
|georg=barbarus, a, um ([[βάρβαρος]]), I) [[ausländisch]], [[fremd]], u. subst. der Ausländer, der [[Fremde]], der [[Barbar]], dem griech. u. röm. [[Sitte]] [[fremd]] war, a) im allg., [[hospes]], Plaut.: servi agrestes et [[barbari]], Cic.: reges, Hor.: [[barbara]] ([[puella]]) sermone est? [[was]] [[für]] Kauderwelsch redet [[sie]]? Ov. – subst.: α) barbarī, ōrum, m., Barbaren, [[barbari]] [[quidam]] et immanes (Ggstz. [[Graeci]] homines), Cic. – β) [[barbarum]], ī, n., αα) das schwarze [[Pflaster]], Cels. 5, 19, 1; 5, 26, 23: [[bei]] Scrib. 207 [[barbara]] [[gen]]. Vgl. Scheller Übers. [[des]] [[Celsus]] Bd. 2. S. 47. Amm. 145. – ββ) die [[Sitte]]-, [[Art]] ([[Weise]]) der Barbaren, [[nur]] in [[barbarum]], Tac. ann. 6, 42; hist. 5, 2. – b) insbes., [[von]] einem bestimmten Volke: α) im Munde eines Griechen od. im Ggstz. zum Griechischen, barbarisch = italisch, [[römisch]], [[lateinisch]], poëta (d.i. Nävius), Plaut.: [[tantum]] barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (Φ) adhibere, Cic.: u. so im Munde eines Mazedoniers, cum barbaris [[aeternum]] omnibus Graecis [[bellum]] est eritque, Liv.: u. im Ggstz. zu [[Pontus]], [[barbarus]] [[hic]] [[ego]] [[sum]], [[quia]] [[non]] intellegor [[ulli]], Ov. – β) [[für]] phrygisch, [[carmen]], Hor.: [[buxus]], Val. Flacc. – γ) [[für]] persisch, Perser (da [[seit]] den Perserkriegen die Perser die verhaßtesten Feinde der Griechen waren), Nep. u. Curt.: u. κατ' εξ. [[barbarus]] vom [[König]] der Perser, Nep. Them. 4, 5 u.a.: u. [[von]] einem hohen pers. Beamten, Nep. Ages. 3, 1. – δ) [[endlich]] übh. [[für]] jedes feindliche, nichtgriechische od. nichtröm. [[Volk]], s. Dähne Nep. Milt. 7, 1: [[einmal]] [[sogar]] [[von]] [[einer]] griech. [[Völkerschaft]] (den Dassaretiern), Liv. 31, 33, 5 ([[während]] die [[Römer]] [[sonst]] [[nicht]] [[barbarus]] [[von]] Griechen [[gebrauchen]]). – II) meton., barbarisch, A) [[geistig]] [[roh]], [[ungebildet]], [[unkultiviert]], [[qui]] aliis [[inhumanus]] ac [[barbarus]], [[isti]] [[uni]] [[commodus]] ac [[disertus]] videretur, Cic.: homines [[barbari]] [[atque]] imperiti, Caes. – Compar., [[non]] sunt [[illa]] (scripta) [[suo]] barbariora [[loco]], Ov. trist. 5, 1, 72. – B) = [[moralisch]] [[roh]], [[ungeschlacht]], [[ungeschliffen]], [[wild]], [[hart]], gentes immanitate barbarae, Cic.: homines feri ac [[barbari]], Caes.: [[immanis]] ac [[barbara]] [[consuetudo]] hominum immolandorum, Cic.: [[mos]] barb., Hor. – Compar., [[sacra]] [[suo]] [[facio]] barbariora [[loco]], Ov. ex Pont. 3, 2, 78. – Vgl. (no. A u. B verb.) [[neque]] [[tam]] [[barbari]] linguā et natione [[illi]], [[quam]] tu naturā et moribus, Cic. Verr. 4, 112. – / Griech. Nbf. [[barbaros]] (Femin.) [[Charis]]. p. 265, 8 u. 10. Consent. (V) 386, 21 (wo [[barbaros]] [[lexis]]).
}}
{{LaZh
|lnztxt=barbarus, a, um. ''adj''. ''c''. :: [[野邦者]]。[[外國者]]
}}