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σφάλλω: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=-ομαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to bring down, to ruin, to mislead</b>, midd. <b class="b2">to go down, to be ruined, to be mistaken</b> (IA).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σφῆλαι</b> (Il.), Dor. <b class="b3">σφᾶλαι</b> (Pi.), pass. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ῆναι</b> (<b class="b3">-θῆναι</b> Gal.), intr. <b class="b3">-αι</b> (LXX; Schwyzer 756), fut. ?<b class="b3">-ῶ</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσφαλ-μαι</b> (IA.), act. <b class="b3">-κα</b> (Plb.).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ερός</b> [[slippery]], [[treacherous]], [[staggering]] (IA.). 2. <b class="b3">-μα</b> n. [[fall]], [[accident]], [[misstep]], [[mistake]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-μός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq.) with <b class="b3">-μῆσαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) <b class="b2">to stumble</b> (Plb.), <b class="b3">σφαλ-μᾳ̃ σκιρτᾳ̃</b>, <b class="b3">σφάλλεται</b> H. 3. <b class="b3">-σις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμφί-</b>) f. [[fall]], [[accident]] (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. <b class="b3">-της</b> m. des. of Dionysos "he who brings down" (Lyc.). 5. <b class="b3">ἀ-σφαλ-ής</b>, <b class="b3">ές</b>, -(<b class="b3">έ)ως</b> <b class="b2">not falling, not staggering, firm, safe, reliable</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (Att.), <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (hell. a. late), prob. directly from the verb (cf. Schwyzer 513; <b class="b3">σφάλος</b> n. only Trag. Oxy. 676, 16 [uncertain]); thus <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρι-σφαλής</b> a.o. -- On [[ἄσφαλτος]] s. v. (folketym. adapted?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 929] <b class="b2">*(s)gʷʰh₂el-</b><br />Etymology: As with <b class="b3">πάλλω</b>, <b class="b3">σκάλλω</b> the above system of forms can be understood as a pure Greek creation. -- A certain etymology is missing. Instead of the earlier, semant. very attractive connection with Skt. <b class="b2">skhálate</b>, <b class="b2">-ti</b> [[sumble]], [[stagger]], [[err]], Arm. [[sxalem]], <b class="b2">-im</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Fick 1. 143. 567, Hübschmann Armen. Gr. 1, 490 f.), which requires IE <b class="b2">skʷhel-</b> and is therefore coubtful, P. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 149ff. tries to connect <b class="b3">σφάλλω</b> with IE <b class="b2">*sp(h)el-</b> [[split]] in [[σπολάς]], [[ἀσπάλαξ]] a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.) assuming an orig. meaning *'throw with sticks, put a stop between the legs v. t.' (details in WP. 2, 678 and Pok. 985); phonetically better, but semant. quite hypothetic. Diff., but also doubtful, Thieme KZ 69, 175. Suppositions on anlaut. <b class="b3">σφ-</b> in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 194 w. lit. Older lit. in Bq; further W.-Hofmann s. [[fallō]]. -- Cf. [[σφαλός]], [[σφέλας]]. Rix, Hist. Gramm. d. Griech. 31 assumes <b class="b2">*sgʷʰh₂el-</b> with Siebs, which seems possible. | |etymtx=-ομαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to bring down, to ruin, to mislead</b>, midd. <b class="b2">to go down, to be ruined, to be mistaken</b> (IA).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σφῆλαι</b> (Il.), Dor. <b class="b3">σφᾶλαι</b> (Pi.), pass. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ῆναι</b> (<b class="b3">-θῆναι</b> Gal.), intr. <b class="b3">-αι</b> (LXX; Schwyzer 756), fut. ?<b class="b3">-ῶ</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσφαλ-μαι</b> (IA.), act. <b class="b3">-κα</b> (Plb.).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ερός</b> [[slippery]], [[treacherous]], [[staggering]] (IA.). 2. <b class="b3">-μα</b> n. [[fall]], [[accident]], [[misstep]], [[mistake]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-μός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq.) with <b class="b3">-μῆσαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) <b class="b2">to stumble</b> (Plb.), <b class="b3">σφαλ-μᾳ̃ σκιρτᾳ̃</b>, <b class="b3">σφάλλεται</b> H. 3. <b class="b3">-σις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμφί-</b>) f. [[fall]], [[accident]] (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. <b class="b3">-της</b> m. des. of Dionysos "he who brings down" (Lyc.). 5. <b class="b3">ἀ-σφαλ-ής</b>, <b class="b3">ές</b>, -(<b class="b3">έ)ως</b> <b class="b2">not falling, not staggering, firm, safe, reliable</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (Att.), <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (hell. a. late), prob. directly from the verb (cf. Schwyzer 513; <b class="b3">σφάλος</b> n. only Trag. Oxy. 676, 16 [uncertain]); thus <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρι-σφαλής</b> a.o. -- On [[ἄσφαλτος]] s. v. (folketym. adapted?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 929] <b class="b2">*(s)gʷʰh₂el-</b><br />Etymology: As with <b class="b3">πάλλω</b>, <b class="b3">σκάλλω</b> the above system of forms can be understood as a pure Greek creation. -- A certain etymology is missing. Instead of the earlier, semant. very attractive connection with Skt. <b class="b2">skhálate</b>, <b class="b2">-ti</b> [[sumble]], [[stagger]], [[err]], Arm. [[sxalem]], <b class="b2">-im</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Fick 1. 143. 567, Hübschmann Armen. Gr. 1, 490 f.), which requires IE <b class="b2">skʷhel-</b> and is therefore coubtful, P. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 149ff. tries to connect <b class="b3">σφάλλω</b> with IE <b class="b2">*sp(h)el-</b> [[split]] in [[σπολάς]], [[ἀσπάλαξ]] a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.) assuming an orig. meaning *'throw with sticks, put a stop between the legs v. t.' (details in WP. 2, 678 and Pok. 985); phonetically better, but semant. quite hypothetic. Diff., but also doubtful, Thieme KZ 69, 175. Suppositions on anlaut. <b class="b3">σφ-</b> in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 194 w. lit. Older lit. in Bq; further W.-Hofmann s. [[fallō]]. -- Cf. [[σφαλός]], [[σφέλας]]. Rix, Hist. Gramm. d. Griech. 31 assumes <b class="b2">*sgʷʰh₂el-</b> with Siebs, which seems possible. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[Root !σφαλ]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> Lat. [[fall]]-o (the [[sigma]] [[being]] [[lost]]):—to make to [[fall]], [[throw]] [[down]], [[overthrow]], [[properly]] by [[tripping]] up, to [[trip]] up in [[wrestling]], Hom., Pind., Eur., etc.; σφ. [[ναῦς]] to [[throw]] her on her [[beam]]-ends, Plut.; [[ἵππος]] σφ. τὸν ἀναβάτην throws him, Xen.:—Pass. to be tripped up, Ar.; of a [[drunken]] man, σφαλλόμενος [[reeling]], [[staggering]], Ar.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[generally]], to [[cause]] to [[fall]], [[overthrow]], [[defeat]], Hdt., Soph., Thuc.:—Pass. to be overthrown, to [[fall]], [[fail]], be [[undone]], [[become]] [[helpless]], Hdt., [[attic]]; τόδ' ἐσφάλη [[this]] [[mishap]] took [[place]], Soph.; οὔ τι μὴ σφαλῶ γ' ἐν σοί I shall not [[fail]] in thy [[business]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to [[baffle]], [[foil]], [[balk]], [[disappoint]], Hdt., Soph.:—Pass. to err, go [[wrong]], be [[mistaken]], Hdt., Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the Pass. is also used c. gen. rei, to be balked of or [[foiled]] in a [[thing]], ἦ καὶ [[πατήρ]] τι σφάλλεται βουλευμάτων; Aesch.; σφάλλεσθαι γάμου Eur.; τῆς δόξης Thuc. | |||
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