superus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>sŭpĕrus</b>: a, um ([[ante]]-[[class]]. collat. form of the<br /><b>I</b> nom. [[sing]]. sŭpĕr in [[two]] passages: [[super]] inferque [[vicinus]], [[Cato]], R. R. 149, 1: [[totus]] [[super]] [[ignis]], Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. [[infra]], superūm, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [[super]].<br /><b>I</b> Posit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Adj.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., [[that]] is [[above]], [[upper]], [[higher]]: [[inferus]] an [[superus]] [[tibi]] fert [[deus]] funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.: at ita me di deaeque [[superi]] [[atque]] [[inferi]] et medioxumi, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36: omnes di deaeque [[superi]], [[inferi]], Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6: ad superos deos [[potius]] [[quam]] ad inferos pervenisse, Cic. Lael. 3, 12: [[limen]] superum inferumque [[salve]], Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: portae Phrygiae [[limen]], id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.): carmine di [[superi]] placantur, carmine manes, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138: di, id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18: superis deorum Gratus et imis, id. ib. 1, 10, 19: ut omnia [[supera]], infera, prima, ultima, media videremus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64: spectatores superarum rerum [[atque]] caelestium, id. N. D. 2, 56, 140: omnes caelicolas, omnes [[supera]] alta tenentes, Verg. A. 6, 788: [[supera]] ad convexa, to [[heaven]], id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. [[super]]); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum [[lumen]] nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.): [[lumen]], Lucr. 6, 856: [[templum]] [[superi]] Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. [[Juppiter]] [[inferus]], i. e. [[Pluto]]), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48: [[domus]] deorum, Ov. M. 4, 735: [[mare]] superum, the [[upper]], i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. [[mare]] inferum, the [[lower]] or [[Etruscan]] Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44; so [[without]] [[mare]] (colloq.): [[iter]] ad superum, Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.: de [[supero]], [[quom]] huc accesserit, from [[above]], Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so, ex [[supero]], Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., [[upper]], i. e. of the [[upper]] regions or [[upper]] [[world]] (opp. the [[lower]] regions): superā de parte, i. e. of the [[earth]], Lucr. 6, 855: superas evadere ad auras, Verg. A. 6, 128: superum ad [[lumen]] [[ire]], id. ib. 6, 680: aurae, Ov. M. 5, 641: orae, Verg. A. 2, 91: [[limen]], id. ib. 6, 680.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Substt.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sŭpĕri, ōrum, m.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; They [[who]] are [[above]] (opp. [[inferi]], those in the [[dungeon]]), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6: [[multum]] fleti ad superos, i. e. those [[living]] on [[earth]], Verg. A. 6, 481: ([[Pompeius]]) Quam [[apud]] superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos, the inhabitants of the [[upper]] [[world]], Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.: ut oblitos superum paterere dolores, Val. Fl. 1, 792: si [[nunc]] redire posset ad superos [[pater]], Poët. ap. [[Charis]]. 5, p. 252: [[epistula]] ad superos scripta, i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Sc. di.) The gods [[above]], the [[celestial]] deities: quae Superi Manesque dabant, Verg. A. 10, 34: aspiciunt Superi mortalia, Ov. M. 13, 70: o Superi! id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729; pro Superi, id. Tr. 1, 2, 59: terris jactatus et [[alto]] Vi Superum, Verg. A. 1, 4: [[illa]] [[propago]] Contemptrix Superum, Ov. M. 1, 161: [[exemplo]] Superorum, id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so, Superorum, id. P. 1, 1, 43: [[postquam]] res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam [[visum]] Superis, Verg. A. 3, 2: [[scilicet]] is Superis [[labor]] est, id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16: superis deorum Gratus et imis, id. ib. 1, 10, 19: flectere Superos, Verg. A. 7, 312: te per Superos ... oro, id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sŭpĕra, ōrum, n.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[heavenly]] bodies: [[Hicetas]] [[caelum]], solem, lunam, stellas, [[supera]] [[denique]] omnia [[stare]] censet, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.: cogitantes [[supera]] [[atque]] caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus, id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est [[potestas]] motūs superūm [[atque]] inferūm, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Higher places (sc. loca): [[supera]] [[semper]] petunt, [[tend]] upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42: ([[Alecto]]) Cocyti petit sedem, [[supera]] ardua relinquens, the [[upper]] [[world]], Verg. A. 7, 562.<br /><b>II</b> Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ĭus.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Lit., of [[place]], [[higher]], [[upper]]: inferiore omni spatio [[vacuo]] relicto, superiorem partem [[collis]] castris compleverant, Caes. B. G. 7, 46: dejectus quī potest esse [[quisquam]], [[nisi]] in inferiorem locum de superiore [[motus]]? Cic. Caecin. 18, 50: in superiore qui [[habito]] cenaculo, Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3: tota [[domus]] [[superior]] vacat, the [[upper]] [[part]] of, Cic. Att. 12, 10: [[superior]] accumbere, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42: de [[loco]] superiore dicere, i. e. from the [[tribunal]], Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102: agere, i. e. from the [[rostra]], id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14; and in gen. of the [[position]] of the [[speaker]]: multos et ex superiore et ex [[aequo]] [[loco]] sermones habitos, id. Fam. 3, 8, 2: [[sive]] ex inferiore [[loco]] [[sive]] ex [[aequo]] [[sive]] ex superiore loquitur, id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex [[loco]] superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a [[height]] or [[eminence]], Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so, ex [[loco]] superiore, id. ib. 3, 4: loca, id. ib. 1, 10, 4; 3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere, id. B. C. 3, 98: qui in superiore acie constiterant, id. B. G. 1, 24: ex superiore et ex inferiore scripturā docendum, i. e. [[what]] goes [[before]] and [[after]], the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.: posteriori [[superius]] non jungitur, id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[time]] or [[order]] of [[succession]], [[former]], [[past]], [[previous]], [[preceding]]: superiores solis defectiones, Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25: [[quid]] proxima, [[quid]] superiore nocte egeris, id. Cat. 1, 1, 1: refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant, Caes. B. G. 7, 58: superioribus aestivis, Hirt. B. G. 8, 46: superioribus temporibus, Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1: [[tempus]] (opp. posterius), id. Dom. 37, 99: tempora (opp. inferiora), Suet. Claud. 41: [[annus]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47: [[anno]] superiore, id. Har. Resp. 8, 15: superioris anni [[acta]], Suet. Caes. 23: in superiore vitā, Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, Caes. B. G. 2, 20: [[testimonium]] [[conveniens]] superiori [[facto]], Hirt. B. G. 8, 53: [[superius]] [[facinus]] [[novo]] scelere vincere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116: superioris [[more]] crudelitatis uti, Nep. Thras. 3, 1: [[superius]] [[genus]], mentioned [[previously]], Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146: [[nuptiae]], [[former]] [[marriage]], Cic. Clu. 6, 15: vir, [[first]] [[husband]], id. Caecin. 6, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Esp., of [[age]], [[time]] of [[life]], etc., [[older]], [[elder]], [[senior]], [[more]] advanced, [[former]]: [[omnis]] juventus omnesque superioris aetatis, Caes. B. C. 2, 5: aetate superiores, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1: [[superior]] [[Africanus]], the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121: [[Dionysius]], id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. [[Dion]], 1, 1; cf.: [[quid]] est [[aetas]] hominis, [[nisi]] [[memoria]] rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur, Cic. Or. 34, 120.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[strength]] or [[success]] in [[battle]] or [[any]] [[contest]], [[victorious]], [[conquering]], stronger, [[superior]]: [[Caesar]] [[quod]] hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat, Caes. B. G. 7, 65: [[numero]] superiores, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12: hoc ipso fiunt superiores, [[quod]] nullum acceperant [[detrimentum]], id. ib. 8, 19: se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum, Cic. Caecin. 1, 2: [[semper]] discessit [[superior]], Nep. Hann. 1, 2: si [[primo]] [[proelio]] [[Catilina]] [[superior]] discessisset, Sall. C. 39, 4: ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint, Caes. B. G. 5, 15: [[multo]] superiores [[bello]] esse, Nep. Alcib. 4, 7: superiorem Appium in causā fecit, Liv. 5, 7, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[quality]], [[condition]], [[number]], etc., [[higher]], [[more]] [[distinguished]], greater, [[superior]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With abl. [[respect]].: pecuniis superiores, Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59: [[loco]], fortunā, famā superiores, id. Lael. 25, 94: habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem, id. Fam. 2, 18, 2: ordine, id. ib. 13, 5, 2: [[facilitate]] et humanitate [[superior]], id. Off. 1, 26, 90: si [[superior]] ceteris rebus esses, id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitiā, sic quodam [[modo]] inferiores extollere, Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71: ut [[quanto]] superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius, id. Off. 1, 26, 90: invident homines [[maxime]] paribus aut inferioribus ... sed [[etiam]] superioribus invidetur, id. de Or. 2, 52, 209: premendoque superiorem [[sese]] extollebat, Liv. 22, 12, 12: cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit, Vell. 2, 101, 1.<br /><b>III</b> Sup., in [[three]] forms, ‡ [[superrimus]], supremus, and [[summus]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> ‡ sŭperrĭ-mus, [[assumed]] as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Müll.; [[Charis]]. p. 130 P.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> sū&#774;prēmus, a, um, [[highest]], loftiest, [[topmost]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lit. ([[only]] [[poet]].; cf. [[summus]], C. 1.): montesque sŭpremos Silvifragis vexat flabris, the [[highest]] points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so, montes, Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68: [[rupes]], Sen. Oedip. 95: arx, Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.: supremae Tethyos [[unda]], Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Of [[time]] or [[order]] of [[succession]], [[last]], [[latest]], [[extreme]], [[final]], = [[ultimus]] ([[class]].).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. [[tempestas]]), the [[last]] [[part]] of the [[day]], the [[hour]] of [[sunset]]: suprema summum diei; hoc [[tempus]] [[duodecim]] Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis; sed [[postea]] lex praetoria id [[quoque]] [[tempus]] jubet esse supremum, quo [[praeco]] in [[comitio]] supremam pronuntiavit [[populo]], Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212: quae ([[urbs]]), [[quia]] postrema coaedificata est, [[Neapolis]] nominatur, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119: [[supremo]] te [[sole]] domi manebo, at [[sunset]], Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3: jubare exorto jam nocte supremā, Col. poët. 10, 294: in te suprema [[salus]], [[last]] [[hope]], Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam [[bellis]] imposuisse manum, the [[last]] or [[finishing]] [[hand]], Ov. R. Am. 114. —suprēmum, adverb., for the [[last]] [[time]]: quae mihi [[tunc]] [[primum]], [[tunc]] est conspecta supremum, Ov. M. 12, 526.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., [[with]] [[regard]] to the [[close]] of [[life]], [[last]], [[closing]], [[dying]]: [[supremo]] vitae [[die]], Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75: [[dies]], id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13: [[hora]], Tib. 1, 1, 59: [[tempus]], Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151: [[incestum]] pontifices [[supremo]] supplicio sanciunto, i. e. the [[penalty]] of [[death]], Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: [[mors]], Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173: [[finis]], id. ib. 2, 1, 12: [[iter]], id. C. 2, 17, 11: [[lumen]], Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat [[ore]] [[supremo]], [[with]] his [[dying]] [[mouth]], [[dying]] [[breath]], Ov. M. 8, 521; so, [[ore]], id. Tr. 3, 3, 87: haec digressu dicta [[supremo]] Fundebat, Verg. A. 8, 583: [[Nero]] in supremā irā duos calices crystallinos fregit, in his [[last]] [[agony]], Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29; supremis suis annis, in his [[last]] years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58: suprema ejus [[cura]], id. 7, 45, 46, § 150: [[spoliatus]] illius supremi diei celebritate, Cic. Mil. 32, 86: [[honor]], the [[last]] honors, i. e. [[funeral]] rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61: funera, Ov. M. 3, 137: oscula, id. ib. 6, 278: tori, i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668: [[ignis]], id. Am. 1, 15, 41: ignes, id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583: officia, Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a [[last]] [[will]] or [[testament]], Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so, tabulae, Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1: tituli, i. e. an [[epitaph]], id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.: Troiae sorte supremā, Verg. A. 5, 190: [[dies]] regnis, Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.: animam sepulcro Condimus, et magnā supremum voce ciemus, for the [[last]] [[time]], for a [[last]] [[farewell]], Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526: [[anima]] exitura [[supremo]], Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.—Substt.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sŭ-prēmum, i, n., the [[last]] [[moment]], [[end]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): ventum ad supremum est, Verg. A. 12, 803.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; suprēma, ōrum, n.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[last]] moments, the [[close]] of [[life]], [[death]]: ut me in supremis consolatus est! Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.: [[statua]] Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae, the [[last]] agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93: [[circa]] suprema Neronis, the [[time]] of his [[death]], id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[last]] honors paid to the [[dead]], [[funeral]] rites or ceremonies, a [[funeral]]: supremis divi Augusti, Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45: suprema ferre (sc. munera), Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[last]] [[will]], [[testament]]: [[nihil]] [[primo]] [[senatus]] [[die]] agi [[passus]], [[nisi]] de supremis Augusti, Tac. A. 1, 8: [[miles]] in supremis ordinandis [[ignarus]] uxorem esse praegnantem, etc., Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The relics, [[remains]] of a burned [[corpse]], the [[ashes]], = [[reliquiae]], Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Of [[degree]] or [[rank]], the [[highest]], greatest, [[most]] [[exalted]], [[supreme]]: [[multa]], quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, [[triginta]] boum ... [[ultra]] [[quam]] (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et [[propterea]] suprema appellatur, id est, [[summa]] et maxima, Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.: [[macies]], Verg. A. 3, 590: [[Juppiter]] [[supreme]], Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poët. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115: med [[antidhac]] Supremum habuisti com [[item]] consiliis tuis, [[most]] [[intimate]], Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> [[summus]], a, um from [[sup]]-ĭmus, [[sup]]-mus, [[uppermost]], [[highest]], [[topmost]]; the [[top]] of, [[highest]] [[part]] of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lit. ([[class]]., [[while]] supremus is [[mostly]] [[poet]].): summum [[oportet]] olfactare [[vestimentum]] muliebre, the [[top]], [[outside]] of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: [[Galli]] [[summa]] arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): [[Thyestes]] summis saxis [[fixus]], id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Müll. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.): summum jugum montis, Caes. B. G. 1, 21: [[summus]] [[mons]], the [[top]] of, id. ib. 1, 22: feriunt summos fulmina montes, the [[mountain]] tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poët. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48: [[locus]] castrorum, Caes. B. G. 2, 23: in summā sacrā viā, on the [[highest]] [[part]] of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119: in summā columnā conlocare, id. Div. 1, 24, 48: [[quam]] (urbem) ad summum [[theatrum]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119: [[Janus]] [[summus]] ab imo, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54: ad aquam summam appropinquare, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: [[mento]] summam aquam attingens [[enectus]] siti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10: in aquā summā natare, the [[top]], [[surface]] of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33: [[apud]] summum [[puteum]], id. Mil. 4, 4, 16: per [[summa]] volare aequora, Verg. A. 5, 819: [[summa]] cacumina linquunt, id. ib. 6, 678: mari summo, id. ib. 1, 110: prospexi Italiam summā ab undā, id. ib. 6, 357: summaque per galeam delibans oscula, id. ib. 12, 434: amphoras [[complures]] complet [[plumbo]], [[summas]] operit [[auro]], Nep. Hann. 9, 3: [[summa]] [[procul]] villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83: summam cutem novaculā decerpito, Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of [[position]], [[place]], at [[table]]: [[summus]] ego (in triclinio) et [[prope]] me Viscus Thurinus et [[infra]] [[Varius]], etc., I [[was]] [[highest]], I reclined at the [[top]], Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: [[summus]], i, m., he [[who]] sits in the [[highest]] [[place]], at the [[head]] of the [[table]]: standum est in [[lecto]], si [[quid]] de summo petas, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is [[sermo]], qui [[more]] majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the [[head]] of the [[table]], i. e. by the [[president]] of the [[feast]], Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so, a summo [[dare]] (bibere), Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> summum, i, n., the [[top]], [[surface]]; the [[highest]] [[place]], the [[head]] of the [[table]], etc.: ab ejus (frontis) summo, [[sicut]] palmae, rami [[quam]] [[late]] diffunduntur, Caes. B. G. 6, 26: qui demersi sunt in aquā ... si non [[longe]] absunt a summo, Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48: [[leviter]] a summo inflexum [[bacillum]], id. Div. 1, 17, 30: [[igitur]] discubuere . . . in summo [[Antonius]], Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch: puteos ac [[potius]] fontes habet: sunt [[enim]] in summo, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25: nuces mersit in [[vinum]] et [[sive]] in summum redierant, [[sive]] subsederant, etc., Petr. 137 fin.: oratori [[summa]] riguerunt, the extremities of his [[body]], Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. [[part]].: [[summa]] petere, Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf., of the [[voice]]: jubeo te salvere voce summā, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.: citaret Io Bacche! [[modo]] summā Voce, [[modo]], etc., at the [[top]] of his [[voice]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 7: vox (opp. ima), Quint. 11, 3, 15: summā voce [[versus]] multos uno spiritu pronuntiare, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.: summo haec clamore, Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the [[utmost]] or farthest: exspectabam [[hodie]], aut summum [[cras]], Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2: bis, terve summum, id. Fam. 2, 1, 1: triduo aut summum quatriduo, id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Of [[time]] or [[order]] of [[succession]], [[last]], [[latest]], [[final]] ([[rare]] [[but]] [[class]].): haec est praestituta [[summa]] argento [[dies]], Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so, venit [[summa]] [[dies]], Verg. A. 2, 324: ad summam senectutem jactari, [[quam]], etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to [[extreme]] old [[age]], id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31: cum esset summā senectute, id. Phil. 8, 10, 31: in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi, Luc. 2, 211: summo carmine, at the [[end]], Hor. C. 3, 28, 13: [[eadem]] in argumentis [[ratio]] est, ut potentissima prima et [[summa]] ponantur, the [[first]] and the [[last]], at the [[beginning]] and the [[end]], Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: [[Celsus]] putat, [[primo]] firmum aliquod ([[argumentum]]) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora [[medio]]; [[quia]] et [[initio]] movendus [[sit]] judex et summo impellendus, at the [[last]], at the [[close]], id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the [[last]] [[time]]: [[nunc]] ego te [[infelix]] summum teneoque tuorque, Albin. 1, 137. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Of [[rank]], etc., [[highest]], greatest, [[first]], [[supreme]], [[best]], [[utmost]], [[extreme]]; [[most]] [[distinguished]], [[excellent]], or [[noble]]; [[most]] [[important]], [[weighty]], or [[critical]], etc. (so [[most]] freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]]): summā nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): [[bellum]] gerentes summum summā industriā, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.): summi puerorum amores, Cic. Lael. 10, 33: [[spes]] civium, id. ib. 3, 11: [[fides]], [[constantia]] justitiaque, id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summāque inopiā, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72: qui in virtute summum [[bonum]] ponunt, id. ib. 6, 20: non agam summo jure [[tecum]], id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4: [[tres]] fratres summo [[loco]] nati, id. Fam. 2, 18, 2: qui summo magistratui praeerat, Caes. B. G. 1, 16: concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio [[summa]] esse omnia, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51: quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit, id. Inv. 1, 18, 26: [[turpitudo]], id. Lael. 17, 61: summum in cruciatum se venire, Caes. B. G. 1, 31: [[scelus]], Sall. C. 12, 5: [[hiems]], the [[depth]] of [[winter]], Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2: cum [[aestas]] [[summa]] esse coeperat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80: ut summi virtute et [[animo]] praeessent imbecillioribus, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: summi ex Graeciā sapientissimique homines, id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.: summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti, id. de Or. 1, 2, 6: optimi et summi viri [[diligentia]], id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum [[par]] habetur [[honos]] summis et infimis id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st [[illic]]? Ph. Summo [[atque]] ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29: [[summus]] [[Juppiter]], id. Cist. 2, 1, 40: ubi [[summus]] [[imperator]] non adest ad exercitum, id. Am. 1, 2, 6: [[miles]] summi inperatoris, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68: [[amicus]] [[summus]], the [[best]] [[friend]], Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.: nam is nostro Simulo fuit [[summus]], id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.—Poet. in neutr. plur.: [[summa]] ducum [[Atrides]], the [[chief]], Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86: summo rei publicae tempore, at a [[most]] [[important]] [[period]], [[most]] [[critical]] [[juncture]], Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46: in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore, id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.: [[summa]] [[salus]] rei publicae, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: [[quod]] [[summa]] res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the [[highest]] [[welfare]] of the State, the [[common]] [[welfare]], the [[good]] of the State, the [[whole]] State or [[commonwealth]], id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so, res publica, id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2: ad summam rem publicam, Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.: quo res [[summa]] [[loco]], Panthu? the [[general]] [[cause]], Verg. A. 2, 322: mene [[igitur]] socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of [[highest]] [[moment]], etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a [[right]] pushed to an [[extreme]]: non agam summo jure [[tecum]], [[deal]] exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt [[etiam]] [[saepe]] injuriae calumniā quādam et [[nimis]] callidā juris interpretatione; ex quo illud summum jus [[summa]] injuria [[factum]] est, jam tritum sermone [[proverbium]], id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the [[highest]] [[degree]], [[most]] [[highly]] or [[greatly]], [[extremely]]: [[quod]] me sollicitare [[summe]] solet, Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295: cupere aliquid, id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15: contendere, Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2: diffidere, Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2: admirari, Quint. 10, 1, 70: [[summe]] jucundum, Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2: officiosi, id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63: [[summe]] [[disertus]] vir, Quint. 12, 1, 23: [[summe]] [[munitus]] [[locus]], Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31: [[summe]] haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57: mei [[summe]] observantissimus, Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.