νεκρός: Difference between revisions

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|Transliteration C=nekros
|Transliteration C=nekros
|Beta Code=nekro/s
|Beta Code=nekro/s
|Definition=ὁ (of a woman, <span class="bibl">Diph.129</span>), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">corpse</b>, Hom., etc.: as Subst., in early writers always of mankind, νεκροὺς συλήσετε τεθνηῶτας <span class="bibl">Il. 6.71</span>; ν. ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας <span class="bibl">18.540</span>: freq. of those killed in battle, τοὺς ν. ὑποσπόνδους ἀνείλοντο <span class="bibl">Th.4.44</span>, etc.: in sg., νεκρῷ ἐούσῃ Μελίσσῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.η'; κεῖται ν. περὶ νεκρῷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1240</span>, etc.; Πατρόκλῳ ν. ὄντι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391b</span>: the Art. is freq. omitted even of a particular corpse, esp. when a gen. is added, <b class="b3">ν. γυναικός, ἀνθρώπου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.89</span>, <span class="bibl">90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>659</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>1018</span>; later, of a fish, ν. ἰχθύος <span class="bibl">M.Ant.6.13</span>: neut. pl. <b class="b3">νεκρά, τά,</b> Plu.2.773d: metaph., νεκρὰ καὶ καπνός <span class="bibl">M.Ant.12.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">dying person</b>, μυχθισμὸς νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>789</span>; ν. ἀσπαίροντες <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.5</span>; ν. ἀποθνῄσκοντες <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., ὁ υἱός μου ν. ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>15.24</span>; ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς καὶ ν. εἶ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>3.1</span>; ν. τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>6.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in pl., <b class="b2">the dead</b>, as dwellers in the nether world, κλυτὰ ἔθνεα νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">Od.10.526</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.34</span>, etc.; ἐν νεκροῖς <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>87(88).5</span>; ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγεῖραι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>12.1</span>; ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ ἐκ ν. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>20.35</span>: metaph., ζωὴ ἐκ ν. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>11.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> as Adj. <b class="b3">νεκρός, ά, όν,</b> <b class="b2">dead</b>, first in Pi., ν. ἵππος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>203</span>; <b class="b3">ν. σώματα</b> Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>31 ii 22 (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.3.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Nic.Dam.58</span> J., Plu.2.685b, X. Eph.5.1, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>51.8</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1024vii26</span> (iv/v A.D.) (but also τὰ τῶν ν. σώματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>959b</span>; σῶμα… νεκροῦ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>679</span>); ν. χελώνη <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>7.4</span>: Comp. -ότερος <span class="title">AP</span>11.135 (Lucill.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">inanimate, inorganic</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἔμψυχος</b>, <span class="bibl">Plot.3.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">οὐχὶ ν., ὥσπερ λίθον ἢ ξύλον</b>, <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ζῶν</b> <span class="bibl">Id.4.7.9</span>; οὐρανὸς… ὢν πρὸ ψυχῆς σῶμα ν., γῆ καὶ ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">Id.5.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ν. θάλασσα</b> the <span class="title">Dead</span> Sea, <span class="bibl">Paus.5.7.4</span>, Gal.11.690, <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span> 1082</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., ν. πλοῦτος <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.1.1</span>.</span>
|Definition=ὁ (of a woman, <span class="bibl">Diph.129</span>), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">corpse</b>, Hom., etc.: as Subst., in early writers always of mankind, νεκροὺς συλήσετε τεθνηῶτας <span class="bibl">Il. 6.71</span>; ν. ἔρυον κατατεθνηῶτας <span class="bibl">18.540</span>: freq. of those killed in battle, τοὺς ν. ὑποσπόνδους ἀνείλοντο <span class="bibl">Th.4.44</span>, etc.: in sg., νεκρῷ ἐούσῃ Μελίσσῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.η'; κεῖται ν. περὶ νεκρῷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1240</span>, etc.; Πατρόκλῳ ν. ὄντι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391b</span>: the Art. is freq. omitted even of a particular corpse, esp. when a gen. is added, <b class="b3">ν. γυναικός, ἀνθρώπου</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.89</span>, <span class="bibl">90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>659</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>1018</span>; later, of a fish, ν. ἰχθύος <span class="bibl">M.Ant.6.13</span>: neut. pl. <b class="b3">νεκρά, τά,</b> Plu.2.773d: metaph., νεκρὰ καὶ καπνός <span class="bibl">M.Ant.12.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">dying person</b>, μυχθισμὸς νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>789</span>; ν. ἀσπαίροντες <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.5</span>; ν. ἀποθνῄσκοντες <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., ὁ υἱός μου ν. ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>15.24</span>; ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς καὶ ν. εἶ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>3.1</span>; ν. τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>6.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in pl., <b class="b2">the dead</b>, as dwellers in the nether world, κλυτὰ ἔθνεα νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">Od.10.526</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.34</span>, etc.; ἐν νεκροῖς <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>87(88).5</span>; ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγεῖραι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>12.1</span>; ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ ἐκ ν. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>20.35</span>: metaph., ζωὴ ἐκ ν. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>11.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> as Adj. <b class="b3">νεκρός, ά, όν,</b> <b class="b2">dead</b>, first in Pi., ν. ἵππος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>203</span>; <b class="b3">ν. σώματα</b> Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>31 ii 22 (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.3.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Nic.Dam.58</span> J., Plu.2.685b, X. Eph.5.1, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>51.8</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1024vii26</span> (iv/v A.D.) (but also τὰ τῶν ν. σώματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>959b</span>; σῶμα… νεκροῦ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>679</span>); ν. χελώνη <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>7.4</span>: Comp. -ότερος <span class="title">AP</span>11.135 (Lucill.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">inanimate, inorganic</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἔμψυχος</b>, <span class="bibl">Plot.3.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">οὐχὶ ν., ὥσπερ λίθον ἢ ξύλον</b>, <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ ζῶν</b> <span class="bibl">Id.4.7.9</span>; οὐρανὸς… ὢν πρὸ ψυχῆς σῶμα ν., γῆ καὶ ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">Id.5.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ν. θάλασσα</b> the <span class="title">Dead</span> Sea, <span class="bibl">Paus.5.7.4</span>, Gal.11.690, <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span> 1082</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., ν. πλοῦτος <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>2.1.1</span>.</span>
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">corpse, the dead</b> (Il.), pl. <b class="b2">the dead</b> = <b class="b2">inhabitant of the Underworld</b> (Od., Th., LXX, NT), also attributive and adjectival (<b class="b3">-ά</b>, <b class="b3">-όν</b>) [[dead]] (hell.; Pi. Fr. 203 <b class="b3">νεκρὸν ἵππον</b> prob. predicative).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">νεκρο-δέγμων</b> <b class="b2">receiving dead</b> (<b class="b3">Α῝ιδης</b>, A. Pr. 153 [lyr.]); rarely as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μυριό-νεκρος</b> <b class="b2">with uncountable dead</b> (<b class="b3">μάχη</b>, Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Subst. <b class="b3">νεκρών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. (Tegea IIa, AP), <b class="b3">νεκρια</b> f. (hell. pap.; on the unknown accent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) <b class="b2">place of the dead, grave-yard</b>. 2. Adj. <b class="b3">νεκρ-ιμαῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a corpse</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ ν</b>. [[corpse]] (LXX; after <b class="b3">θνησιμ-αῖος</b>, Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); <b class="b3">νεκρ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">regarding the dead</b>, <b class="b3">τὰν</b>. [[inheritance]] (Luc., Vett. Val.); <b class="b3">νεκρ-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">corpse-like</b> (Luc., Gal.). 3. Verb <b class="b3">νεκρόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[die]], [[kill]], [[enervate]] (late) with <b class="b3">νέκρωσις</b> <b class="b2">be dead, the killing</b> (late), <b class="b3">-ώσιμα</b> n. pl. = <b class="b3">νεκύσια</b> (church-writers, gloss.; Arbenz 93: <b class="b3">θανάσιμος</b>), <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> pl. <b class="b2">dead bodies</b> (Arist.-comm.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> <b class="b2">causing death</b> (Gal.). -- In the same meaning <b class="b3">νέκυς</b> (posthom. <b class="b3">-υ-</b>) m., also adj. [[dead]] (ep. poet Il., also Hdt. and Gortyn; <b class="b3">νέκυρ νεκρός</b>. <b class="b3">Λάκωνες</b> H.); some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">νεκυο-μαντήϊον</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> <b class="b2">oracle of the dead</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">ἰσό-νεκυς</b> <b class="b2">corpse-like</b> (E. Or. 200 [lyr.], after <b class="b3">ἰσό-θεος</b>, s. on <b class="b3">ἴσος</b>). Derivv.: <b class="b3">νέκυια</b> f. <b class="b2">offer to the dead, so as to call up the dead</b> (D. S., Plu., Nic.), abstractformation in <b class="b3">-ια</b> for <b class="b3">-ία</b> as <b class="b3">ἀλήθεια</b> for <b class="b3">-εία</b> etc. (cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in the same meaning <b class="b3">νεκυϊσμός</b> (Man.; <b class="b3">*νεκυΐζω</b>; on the formations in <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); <b class="b3">νεκύσια</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">feats of the dead</b> (hell. pap.; cf. <b class="b3">θαλύσια</b>, <b class="b3">γενέσια</b> and Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) with <b class="b3">Νεκύσιος</b> m. Cret. month-name (IIa); <b class="b3">νεκυϊκός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the dead</b> (Cyran.); <b class="b3">νεκύα</b> f. plantname = <b class="b3">φλόμος</b> (Cyran.), because used in the conjuration of the dead; after <b class="b3">καρύα</b>, <b class="b3">σικύα</b> etc.; on <b class="b3">νεκύδαλ(λ)ος</b> s. v. -- Besides <b class="b3">νέκες νεκροί</b> H. with <b class="b3">νεκ-άς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">heap of dead</b> (E 886, AP; like <b class="b3">νιφάς</b> etc. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). -- Not here <b class="b3">νῶκαρ</b>, <b class="b3">-αρος</b> n. s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [762] <b class="b2">*neḱ-(u-)</b> <b class="b2">violent death, corpse</b>.<br />Etymology: The monosyllabic stem <b class="b3">νέκ-ες</b> agrees formally excatly to Lat. [[nex]], [[necis]] f. <b class="b2">violent death, murder</b> and to GAv. <b class="b2">nas-</b> f. [[need]], [[distress]], IE <b class="b2">*neḱ-s</b>. Also the <b class="b2">u-</b>stem in <b class="b3">νέκ-υ-ς</b> returns on Iranian soil in Av. <b class="b2">nas-u-š</b> gen. <b class="b2">nas-āv-ō</b> f. m. [[corpse]]; orig. the Gr. <b class="b3">υ</b> is short beside Iran. [[u]] : [[āv]] (< <b class="b2">ou̯</b>), Beeekes-Cuypers, Mnemosyne LVI(2003)485-391; wrong Schwyzer 463. Here perh. Lat. [[nequālia]] [[detrimenta]]. The alternatings <b class="b2">r(o</b>)-formation in <b class="b3">νεκ-ρό-ς</b> has no parallel outside Greek. (<b class="b3">νῶκαρ</b> will rather be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek; Fur. 133; s.v.) Greek has no parallels to the primary verbs (e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">náś-ya-ti</b>, Toch. A <b class="b2">näk-näṣ-tär</b> [[disappear]], [[perish]]). -- WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. [[necō]] with further forms, Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">náśyati</b>. -- Not here <b class="b3">νέκταρ</b>.
|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">corpse, the dead</b> (Il.), pl. <b class="b2">the dead</b> = <b class="b2">inhabitant of the Underworld</b> (Od., Th., LXX, NT), also attributive and adjectival (<b class="b3">-ά</b>, <b class="b3">-όν</b>) [[dead]] (hell.; Pi. Fr. 203 <b class="b3">νεκρὸν ἵππον</b> prob. predicative).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">νεκρο-δέγμων</b> <b class="b2">receiving dead</b> (<b class="b3">Α῝ιδης</b>, A. Pr. 153 [lyr.]); rarely as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μυριό-νεκρος</b> <b class="b2">with uncountable dead</b> (<b class="b3">μάχη</b>, Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Subst. <b class="b3">νεκρών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. (Tegea IIa, AP), <b class="b3">νεκρια</b> f. (hell. pap.; on the unknown accent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) <b class="b2">place of the dead, grave-yard</b>. 2. Adj. <b class="b3">νεκρ-ιμαῖος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a corpse</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ ν</b>. [[corpse]] (LXX; after <b class="b3">θνησιμ-αῖος</b>, Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); <b class="b3">νεκρ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">regarding the dead</b>, <b class="b3">τὰν</b>. [[inheritance]] (Luc., Vett. Val.); <b class="b3">νεκρ-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">corpse-like</b> (Luc., Gal.). 3. Verb <b class="b3">νεκρόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[die]], [[kill]], [[enervate]] (late) with <b class="b3">νέκρωσις</b> <b class="b2">be dead, the killing</b> (late), <b class="b3">-ώσιμα</b> n. pl. = <b class="b3">νεκύσια</b> (church-writers, gloss.; Arbenz 93: <b class="b3">θανάσιμος</b>), <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> pl. <b class="b2">dead bodies</b> (Arist.-comm.), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> <b class="b2">causing death</b> (Gal.). -- In the same meaning <b class="b3">νέκυς</b> (posthom. <b class="b3">-υ-</b>) m., also adj. [[dead]] (ep. poet Il., also Hdt. and Gortyn; <b class="b3">νέκυρ νεκρός</b>. <b class="b3">Λάκωνες</b> H.); some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">νεκυο-μαντήϊον</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> <b class="b2">oracle of the dead</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">ἰσό-νεκυς</b> <b class="b2">corpse-like</b> (E. Or. 200 [lyr.], after <b class="b3">ἰσό-θεος</b>, s. on <b class="b3">ἴσος</b>). Deriv.: <b class="b3">νέκυια</b> f. <b class="b2">offer to the dead, so as to call up the dead</b> (D. S., Plu., Nic.), abstract formation in <b class="b3">-ια</b> for <b class="b3">-ία</b> as <b class="b3">ἀλήθεια</b> for <b class="b3">-εία</b> etc. (cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in the same meaning <b class="b3">νεκυϊσμός</b> (Man.; <b class="b3">*νεκυΐζω</b>; on the formations in <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); <b class="b3">νεκύσια</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">feats of the dead</b> (hell. pap.; cf. <b class="b3">θαλύσια</b>, <b class="b3">γενέσια</b> and Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) with <b class="b3">Νεκύσιος</b> m. Cret. month-name (IIa); <b class="b3">νεκυϊκός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the dead</b> (Cyran.); <b class="b3">νεκύα</b> f. plantname = <b class="b3">φλόμος</b> (Cyran.), because used in the conjuration of the dead; after <b class="b3">καρύα</b>, <b class="b3">σικύα</b> etc.; on <b class="b3">νεκύδαλ(λ)ος</b> s. v. -- Besides <b class="b3">νέκες νεκροί</b> H. with <b class="b3">νεκ-άς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">heap of dead</b> (E 886, AP; like <b class="b3">νιφάς</b> etc. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). -- Not here <b class="b3">νῶκαρ</b>, <b class="b3">-αρος</b> n. s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [762] <b class="b2">*neḱ-(u-)</b> <b class="b2">violent death, corpse</b>.<br />Etymology: The monosyllabic stem <b class="b3">νέκ-ες</b> agrees formally exactly to Lat. [[nex]], [[necis]] f. <b class="b2">violent death, murder</b> and to GAv. <b class="b2">nas-</b> f. [[need]], [[distress]], IE <b class="b2">*neḱ-s</b>. Also the <b class="b2">u-</b>stem in <b class="b3">νέκ-υ-ς</b> returns on Iranian soil in Av. <b class="b2">nas-u-š</b> gen. <b class="b2">nas-āv-ō</b> f. m. [[corpse]]; orig. the Gr. <b class="b3">υ</b> is short beside Iran. [[u]] : [[āv]] (< <b class="b2">ou̯</b>), Beeekes-Cuypers, Mnemosyne LVI(2003)485-391; wrong Schwyzer 463. Here perh. Lat. [[nequālia]] [[detrimenta]]. The alternatings <b class="b2">r(o</b>)-formation in <b class="b3">νεκ-ρό-ς</b> has no parallel outside Greek. (<b class="b3">νῶκαρ</b> will rather be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek; Fur. 133; s.v.) Greek has no parallels to the primary verbs (e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">náś-ya-ti</b>, Toch. A <b class="b2">näk-näṣ-tär</b> [[disappear]], [[perish]]). -- WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. [[necō]] with further forms, Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">náśyati</b>. -- Not here <b class="b3">νέκταρ</b>.
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|ftr='''νεκρός''': {nekrós}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Leiche]], [[Leichnam]], [[der Tote]] (seit Il.), pl. [[die Toten]] = [[Bewohner der Unterwelt]] (Od., Th., LXX, NT u.a.), auch attributivisch und adjektivisch (-ά, -όν) [[tot]] (hell. u. sp.; Pi. ''Fr''. 203 νεκρὸν ἵππον wohl prädikativisch);<br />'''Composita''' : oft als Vorderglied (poet. u. sp. Prosa), z.B. [[νεκροδέγμων]] [[Tote aufnehmend]] ([[Ἅιδης]], A. ''Pr''. 153 [lyr.]); selten als Hinterglied, z.B. [[μυριόνεκρος]] [[mit zahllosen Toten]] ([[μάχη]], Plu.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: 1. Subst. [[νεκρών]], -ῶνος m. (Tegea II<sup>a</sup>, ''AP''), νεκρια f. (hell. Pap.; zum unbek. Akzent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) [[Totenstätte]], [[Gräberfeld]]. 2. Adj. [[νεκριμαῖος]] [[zu einem Kadaver gehörig]], τὸ n. [[Kadaver]] (LXX, sp. Inschr. u.a.; nach [[θνησιμαῖος]], Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); [[νεκρικός]] [[die Toten betreffend]], τὰν. [[Erbschaft]], [[Nachlassenschaft]] (Luk., Vett. Val.); [[νεκρώδης]] [[leichenhaft]] (Luk., Gal. u.a.). 3. Verb νεκρόομαι, -όω [[absterben]], [[ersterben]], [[ertöten]], [[entkräften]] (sp.) mit [[νέκρωσις]] [[das Abgestorbensein]], [[die Tötung]] (sp.), -ώσιμα n. pl. = [[νεκύσια]] (Kirchenschriftsteller, Gloss.; Arbenz 93: [[θανάσιμος]]), -ώματα pl. [[abgestorbene Körper]] (Arist. -Komm.), -ωτικός [[das Absterben verursachend]] (Gal.). — In derselben Bed. [[νέκυς]] (nachhom. -υ-) m., auch Adj. [[tot]] (vorw. ep. poet seit Il., auch Hdt. und Gortyn; [[νέκυρ]]· [[νεκρός]]. Λάκωνες H.); einige Kompp., z.B. νεκυομαντήϊον, -εῖον [[Totenorakel]] (Hdt. u.a.), [[ἰσόνεκυς]] [[Leichen ähnlich]] (E. ''Or''. 200 [lyr.], nach [[ἰσόθεος]], s. zu [[ἴσος]]). Ableitungen: [[νέκυια]] f. [[Totenopfer]], [[um die Toten heraufzubeschwören]] (D. S., Plu., Nik.), Abstraktbildung auf -ια für -ία wie [[ἀλήθεια]] für -εία usw. (vg1. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in derselben Bed. [[νεκυϊσμός]] (Man.; *νεκυΐζω; zu den überaus zahlreichen Bildungen auf -ισμός Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); [[νεκύσια]] n. pl. [[Totenfeier]] (hell. Pap. u.a.; vgl. [[θαλύσια]], γενέσια und Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) mit [[Νεκύσιος]] m. kret. Monatsname (II<sup>a</sup>); [[νεκυϊκός]] [[zu den Toten gehörig]] (Kyran.); [[νεκύα]] f. Pflanzenname = [[φλόμος]] (Kyran.), weil bei der Totenbeschwörung benutzt; nach [[καρύα]], [[σικύα]] usw.; zu νεκύδαλ(λ)ος s. bes. — Daneben νέκες· νεκροί H. mit [[νεκάς]], -άδος f. [[Leichenhaufe]] (Ε 886, ''AP'' u.a.; wie [[νιφάς]] usw. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). — Mit Dehnstufe [[νῶκαρ]], -αρος n. [[Totenschlaf]] (Nik., Hdn.) mit [[νωκαρώδης]] [[schläfrig]], [[verschlafen]] (Diph.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Der einsilbige Stamm νέκες stimmt formal genau zu lat. ''nex'', ''necis'' f. [[gewaltsamer Tod]], [[Mord]] und zu g. aw. ''nas''- f. [[Not]], [[Unglück]], idg. *''neḱ''-''s''. Auch der ''u''-Stamm in νέκυ-ς kehrt auf iranischem Gebiet in aw. ''nas''-''u''- Gen. ''nas''-''āv''-''ō'' f. m. [[Leiche]], [[Leichnam]] wieder; zu gr. υ gegenüber iran. ''ŭ'' : ''āv'' Schwyzer 463 m. Lit.; eine Ableitung wird in lat. ''nequālia'' [[detrimenta]] vermutet. Dagegen hat die mit dem ''u''-Stamm alternierende ''r''(''o'') -Bildung in [[νεκρός]], [[νῶκαρ]] kein außergriech. Gegenstück. Umgekehrt fehlen im Griechischen primäre Verba (z.B. aind. ''náś''-''ya''-''ti'', toch. A ''näk''-''näṣ''-''tär'' [[verschwinden]], [[vergehen]]). —WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. ''necō'' mit weiteren Formen und reicher Lit., Mayrhofer s. ''náśyati''. — Vgl. [[νέκταρ]].<br />'''Page''' 2,299-300
|ftr='''νεκρός''': {nekrós}<br />'''Grammar''': m.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Leiche]], [[Leichnam]], [[der Tote]] (seit Il.), pl. [[die Toten]] = [[Bewohner der Unterwelt]] (Od., Th., LXX, NT u.a.), auch attributivisch und adjektivisch (-ά, -όν) [[tot]] (hell. u. sp.; Pi. ''Fr''. 203 νεκρὸν ἵππον wohl prädikativisch);<br />'''Composita''' : oft als Vorderglied (poet. u. sp. Prosa), z.B. [[νεκροδέγμων]] [[Tote aufnehmend]] ([[Ἅιδης]], A. ''Pr''. 153 [lyr.]); selten als Hinterglied, z.B. [[μυριόνεκρος]] [[mit zahllosen Toten]] ([[μάχη]], Plu.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: 1. Subst. [[νεκρών]], -ῶνος m. (Tegea II<sup>a</sup>, ''AP''), νεκρια f. (hell. Pap.; zum unbek. Akzent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) [[Totenstätte]], [[Gräberfeld]]. 2. Adj. [[νεκριμαῖος]] [[zu einem Kadaver gehörig]], τὸ n. [[Kadaver]] (LXX, sp. Inschr. u.a.; nach [[θνησιμαῖος]], Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); [[νεκρικός]] [[die Toten betreffend]], τὰν. [[Erbschaft]], [[Nachlassenschaft]] (Luk., Vett. Val.); [[νεκρώδης]] [[leichenhaft]] (Luk., Gal. u.a.). 3. Verb νεκρόομαι, -όω [[absterben]], [[ersterben]], [[ertöten]], [[entkräften]] (sp.) mit [[νέκρωσις]] [[das Abgestorbensein]], [[die Tötung]] (sp.), -ώσιμα n. pl. = [[νεκύσια]] (Kirchenschriftsteller, Gloss.; Arbenz 93: [[θανάσιμος]]), -ώματα pl. [[abgestorbene Körper]] (Arist. -Komm.), -ωτικός [[das Absterben verursachend]] (Gal.). — In derselben Bed. [[νέκυς]] (nachhom. -υ-) m., auch Adj. [[tot]] (vorw. ep. poet seit Il., auch Hdt. und Gortyn; [[νέκυρ]]· [[νεκρός]]. Λάκωνες H.); einige Kompp., z.B. νεκυομαντήϊον, -εῖον [[Totenorakel]] (Hdt. u.a.), [[ἰσόνεκυς]] [[Leichen ähnlich]] (E. ''Or''. 200 [lyr.], nach [[ἰσόθεος]], s. zu [[ἴσος]]). Ableitungen: [[νέκυια]] f. [[Totenopfer]], [[um die Toten heraufzubeschwören]] (D. S., Plu., Nik.), Abstraktbildung auf -ια für -ία wie [[ἀλήθεια]] für -εία usw. (vg1. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in derselben Bed. [[νεκυϊσμός]] (Man.; *νεκυΐζω; zu den überaus zahlreichen Bildungen auf -ισμός Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); [[νεκύσια]] n. pl. [[Totenfeier]] (hell. Pap. u.a.; vgl. [[θαλύσια]], γενέσια und Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) mit [[Νεκύσιος]] m. kret. Monatsname (II<sup>a</sup>); [[νεκυϊκός]] [[zu den Toten gehörig]] (Kyran.); [[νεκύα]] f. Pflanzenname = [[φλόμος]] (Kyran.), weil bei der Totenbeschwörung benutzt; nach [[καρύα]], [[σικύα]] usw.; zu νεκύδαλ(λ)ος s. bes. — Daneben νέκες· νεκροί H. mit [[νεκάς]], -άδος f. [[Leichenhaufe]] (Ε 886, ''AP'' u.a.; wie [[νιφάς]] usw. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). — Mit Dehnstufe [[νῶκαρ]], -αρος n. [[Totenschlaf]] (Nik., Hdn.) mit [[νωκαρώδης]] [[schläfrig]], [[verschlafen]] (Diph.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Der einsilbige Stamm νέκες stimmt formal genau zu lat. ''nex'', ''necis'' f. [[gewaltsamer Tod]], [[Mord]] und zu g. aw. ''nas''- f. [[Not]], [[Unglück]], idg. *''neḱ''-''s''. Auch der ''u''-Stamm in νέκυ-ς kehrt auf iranischem Gebiet in aw. ''nas''-''u''- Gen. ''nas''-''āv''-''ō'' f. m. [[Leiche]], [[Leichnam]] wieder; zu gr. υ gegenüber iran. ''ŭ'' : ''āv'' Schwyzer 463 m. Lit.; eine Ableitung wird in lat. ''nequālia'' [[detrimenta]] vermutet. Dagegen hat die mit dem ''u''-Stamm alternierende ''r''(''o'') -Bildung in [[νεκρός]], [[νῶκαρ]] kein außergriech. Gegenstück. Umgekehrt fehlen im Griechischen primäre Verba (z.B. aind. ''náś''-''ya''-''ti'', toch. A ''näk''-''näṣ''-''tär'' [[verschwinden]], [[vergehen]]). —WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. ''necō'' mit weiteren Formen und reicher Lit., Mayrhofer s. ''náśyati''. — Vgl. [[νέκταρ]].<br />'''Page''' 2,299-300
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|sngr='''原文音譯''':nekrÒj 尼克羅士<br />'''詞類次數''':形容詞(131)<br />'''原文字根''':死 相當於: ([[מוּת]]&#x200E;)  ([[מָוֶת]]&#x200E;)<br />'''字義溯源''':死,死人,死的,死了的人,人死了,無用的;源自([[νέκρωσις]])X*=屍體)。這字用了130次,其中80次將死與復活(或生命)連在一起。主耶穌說,神不是死人的神,乃是活人的神( 太22:32)。然而保羅說,基督死了又活了,為要作死人並活人的主( 羅14:9)<br />'''出現次數''':總共(130);太(12);可(7);路(14);約(8);徒(18);羅(17);林前(13);林後(1);加(1);弗(4);腓(1);西(3);帖前(2);提後(2);來(7);雅(3);彼前(4);啓(13)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 死(58) 太14:2; 太17:9; 太27:64; 太28:7; 可6:14; 可9:9; 可9:10; 可12:25; 路9:7; 路15:24; 路15:32; 路16:31; 路20:35; 路24:46; 約2:22; 約12:1; 約12:9; 約12:17; 約20:9; 約21:14; 徒3:15; 徒4:2; 徒4:10; 徒10:41; 徒13:30; 徒13:34; 徒17:3; 徒17:31; 徒26:23; 羅1:4; 羅4:17; 羅4:24; 羅6:4; 羅6:9; 羅6:13; 羅7:4; 羅8:10; 羅8:11; 羅8:11; 羅8:34; 羅10:7; 羅10:9; 羅11:15; 林前15:12; 林前15:20; 加1:1; 弗1:20; 弗2:1; 弗2:5; 腓3:11; 西1:18; 西2:12; 帖前1:10; 提後2:8; 來13:20; 彼前1:3; 彼前1:21; 啓20:5;<br />2) 死人(42) 太8:22; 太8:22; 太10:8; 太11:5; 太22:31; 太28:4; 可12:26; 路7:15; 路7:22; 路9:60; 路9:60; 路20:37; 路24:5; 約5:21; 約5:25; 徒23:6; 徒24:15; 徒24:21; 徒26:8; 羅14:9; 林前15:12; 林前15:13; 林前15:15; 林前15:16; 林前15:21; 林前15:29; 林前15:29; 林前15:32; 林前15:35; 林前15:52; 林後1:9; 弗5:14; 提後4:1; 來6:2; 來11:19; 來11:35; 啓1:5; 啓11:18; 啓20:12; 啓20:12; 啓20:13; 啓20:13;<br />3) 死人的(8) 太22:32; 太23:27; 可12:27; 路20:38; 徒10:42; 林前15:42; 彼前4:5; 啓16:3;<br />4) 死的(7) 羅6:11; 來6:1; 來9:14; 雅2:17; 雅2:26; 雅2:26; 啓3:1;<br />5) 死了(5) 可9:26; 徒5:10; 徒28:6; 西2:13; 啓1:17;<br />6) 死過(2) 啓1:18; 啓2:8;<br />7) 給死的(1) 彼前4:6;<br />8) (死)人(1) 啓14:13;<br />9) 人死了(1) 來9:17;<br />10) 已死了(1) 徒20:9;<br />11) 死裏的(1) 路16:30;<br />12) 死裏(1) 徒17:32;<br />13) 是死的(1) 羅7:8;<br />14) 死了的人(1) 帖前4:16
|sngr='''原文音譯''':nekrÒj 尼克羅士<br />'''詞類次數''':形容詞(131)<br />'''原文字根''':死 相當於: ([[מוּת]]&#x200E;)  ([[מָוֶת]]&#x200E;)<br />'''字義溯源''':死,死人,死的,死了的人,人死了,無用的;源自([[νέκρωσις]])X*=屍體)。這字用了130次,其中80次將死與復活(或生命)連在一起。主耶穌說,神不是死人的神,乃是活人的神( 太22:32)。然而保羅說,基督死了又活了,為要作死人並活人的主( 羅14:9)<br />'''出現次數''':總共(130);太(12);可(7);路(14);約(8);徒(18);羅(17);林前(13);林後(1);加(1);弗(4);腓(1);西(3);帖前(2);提後(2);來(7);雅(3);彼前(4);啓(13)<br />'''譯字彙編''':<br />1) 死(58) 太14:2; 太17:9; 太27:64; 太28:7; 可6:14; 可9:9; 可9:10; 可12:25; 路9:7; 路15:24; 路15:32; 路16:31; 路20:35; 路24:46; 約2:22; 約12:1; 約12:9; 約12:17; 約20:9; 約21:14; 徒3:15; 徒4:2; 徒4:10; 徒10:41; 徒13:30; 徒13:34; 徒17:3; 徒17:31; 徒26:23; 羅1:4; 羅4:17; 羅4:24; 羅6:4; 羅6:9; 羅6:13; 羅7:4; 羅8:10; 羅8:11; 羅8:11; 羅8:34; 羅10:7; 羅10:9; 羅11:15; 林前15:12; 林前15:20; 加1:1; 弗1:20; 弗2:1; 弗2:5; 腓3:11; 西1:18; 西2:12; 帖前1:10; 提後2:8; 來13:20; 彼前1:3; 彼前1:21; 啓20:5;<br />2) 死人(42) 太8:22; 太8:22; 太10:8; 太11:5; 太22:31; 太28:4; 可12:26; 路7:15; 路7:22; 路9:60; 路9:60; 路20:37; 路24:5; 約5:21; 約5:25; 徒23:6; 徒24:15; 徒24:21; 徒26:8; 羅14:9; 林前15:12; 林前15:13; 林前15:15; 林前15:16; 林前15:21; 林前15:29; 林前15:29; 林前15:32; 林前15:35; 林前15:52; 林後1:9; 弗5:14; 提後4:1; 來6:2; 來11:19; 來11:35; 啓1:5; 啓11:18; 啓20:12; 啓20:12; 啓20:13; 啓20:13;<br />3) 死人的(8) 太22:32; 太23:27; 可12:27; 路20:38; 徒10:42; 林前15:42; 彼前4:5; 啓16:3;<br />4) 死的(7) 羅6:11; 來6:1; 來9:14; 雅2:17; 雅2:26; 雅2:26; 啓3:1;<br />5) 死了(5) 可9:26; 徒5:10; 徒28:6; 西2:13; 啓1:17;<br />6) 死過(2) 啓1:18; 啓2:8;<br />7) 給死的(1) 彼前4:6;<br />8) (死)人(1) 啓14:13;<br />9) 人死了(1) 來9:17;<br />10) 已死了(1) 徒20:9;<br />11) 死裏的(1) 路16:30;<br />12) 死裏(1) 徒17:32;<br />13) 是死的(1) 羅7:8;<br />14) 死了的人(1) 帖前4:16
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