ἐλαχύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">ἐλάχεια</b> (not <b class="b3">-εῖα</b>, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.249</span>), <b class="b3">ἐλαχύ</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">small, short, mean, little</b>: old Ep.Positive, whence <b class="b3">ἐλάσσων, ἐλάχιστος</b> are formed: in early Ep. only fem., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>197</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">Od.9.116</span>, <span class="bibl">10.509</span> (v. <b class="b3">λάχεια</b>): in later Ep., Archyt.Amphiss.<span class="bibl">2</span>, <span class="bibl">Euph.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>324</span>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>3.480</span>, <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>37.314</span>: neut. ἐλαχὺ σκάφος <span class="title">AP</span>7.498 (Antip.). (<b class="b2">legu̯h-</b> or <b class="b2">lengu̯h-</b>, cf. Lat. <b class="b2">leuis</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">leñgvas</b> 'light'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[small]] (Call. Hek. 3 K.)<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">ἐλάχεια</b> hAP 197 (on the accent Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 115f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1172f., Schwyzer 379; ι 116, κ 509 as v. l. to <b class="b3">λάχεια</b>; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 54; , <b class="b3">ἐλαχύ</b> (AP); masc. also <b class="b3">ἔλαχος</b> (Call., s. Leumann l. c.);<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ἐλαχυ-πτέρυξ</b>, [<b class="b3">ἐλα]χύ-νωτος</b> (Pi.).<br />Derivatives: Comp. <b class="b3">ἐλάσσων</b>, <b class="b3">-ττων</b> (Il.), Sup. <b class="b3">ἐλάχιστος</b> (Ion.-Att.). - From <b class="b3">ἐλάσσων</b>, <b class="b3">-ττων</b> (Schwyzer 731f.): denomin. <b class="b3">ἐλασσόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ττόομαι</b> <b class="b2">become smaller, be inferior, be damaged</b> (Ion.-Att.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[diminish]], [[damage]] (Lys., Isok.) with <b class="b3">ἐλάττωσις</b> [[diminution]], [[disadvantage]], [[want]], [[loss]] (Antipho Soph., Pl. Def., Arist.) and <b class="b3">ἐλαττωτικός</b> <b class="b2">not insisting on his rights, diminishing</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">ἐλάσσωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ττωμα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (D.). From <b class="b3">ἔλασσον-</b>, <b class="b3">-ττον-</b> : <b class="b3">ἐλαττον-άκις</b> <b class="b2">less often</b> (Pl., Arist., after <b class="b3">πλεον-ακις</b>), <b class="b3">ἐλαττον-ότης</b> <b class="b2">be inferior</b> (Iamb.; beside <b class="b3">μειζον-ότης</b>); <b class="b3">ἐλασσον-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ττονέω</b> <b class="b2">have or give less, to be defective</b> (LXX, pap.), <b class="b3">ἐλαττον-όω</b> [[diminish]] (LXX). From <b class="b3">ἐλάχιστος</b> : <b class="b3">ἐλαχιστ-άκις</b> <b class="b2">very rarely</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">ἐλαχιστ-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">of smallest size, infinitesimal</b> (Diog. Oen. 2).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [660] <b class="b2">*h₁lngʷʰu-</b> [[light]], [[quick]]<br />Etymology: Old adjective, identical with Skt. <b class="b2">laghú-</b>, <b class="b2">raghú-</b> [[quick]], [[light]], [[small]], Av. <b class="b2">ragu-</b> [[quick]]; from an IE zero grade <b class="b2">*h₁ln̥gʷ</b>ʰ<b class="b2">-ú-</b>. The full grade <b class="b2">h₁lengʷ</b>ʰ- in Av. comp. <b class="b2">rǝnǰyō</b> (with analogical superlativ <b class="b2">rǝnǰišta-</b>), in Lith. <b class="b2">lẽngvas</b> and in Goth. [[leihts]] [[leicht]], if, as prob., from PGm. <b class="b2">*linχta-</b>, IE <b class="b2">*h₁lengʷ</b>ʰ<b class="b2">-to-</b>. Toch. B <b class="b2">laṅktse</b> <b class="b2">light.</b> Without nasal, with <b class="b2">e-</b>vowel Lat. [[levis]] [[light]], [[small]], [[quick]], with reduced vowel OCS <b class="b2">lьgъ-kъ</b> [[light]], with <b class="b2">a-</b>vowel Celt., e. g. OIr. comp. [[laigiu]] [[smaller]], [[worse]], PCelt. <b class="b2">*lag-i̯ōs</b> (positive <b class="b2">bec(c</b>)). These forms cannot be all at once explained. W.-Hofmann s. [[levis]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">lẽngvas</b>, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">lëgkij</b> (2, 24). - The vowellength in <b class="b3">ἐλάσσων</b> is secondary, s. Schwyzer 538 w. n. 4; also Seiler Steigerungsformen 43f.