χρέος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό Ep. χρεῖος Hom. (who also uses <b class="b3">χρέος</b>, but only in Od., v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>): Att. χρέως Phryn.370, Moeris p.403 P., <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.360H.</span> (and this form appears in codd. of <span class="bibl">D.25.69</span>, <span class="bibl">33.24</span>, <span class="bibl">38.14</span>, <span class="bibl">40.37</span>, <span class="bibl">42.5</span>; but <b class="b3">χρέος</b> in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>267a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>958b</span>): gen. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> χρείους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>373</span> (troch., s. v.l.), χρέους <span class="bibl">Lys.17.5</span> codd., χρέως <span class="bibl">D.49.18</span> (and so Choerob.l.c.); no dat. occurs in Ep. forms:—pl., nom. and acc. χρέᾰ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>647</span>, χρέᾱ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>39</span>, <span class="bibl">443</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.21.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 684e</span>, etc.; Arc. <b class="b3">χρήατα</b> (but <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> [665] <b class="b3">χρῆα τά</b>) <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).343.20, 27 (Orchom., iv B. C.); gen. χρεῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>13</span>,<span class="bibl">117</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>566a</span>, etc.; Ep. χρειῶν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>404</span> (<b class="b3">χρεέων</b> cj. Rzach); Ep. dat. χρέεσι <span class="bibl">Man. 4.135</span>; χρήεσσι <span class="bibl">A.R.3.1198</span>: (χράομαι, χρή): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">that which one needs must pay, obligation, debt</b>, Ἄρης . . χρέος καὶ δεσμὸν ἀλύξας <span class="bibl">Od. 8.353</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">355</span>; <b class="b3">χρεῖος ἀποστήσασθαι</b>, i.e. pay [[it]] in full, <span class="bibl">Il.13.746</span>: esp. of <b class="b2">the obligation to restore or pay for 'lified' cattle and plunder</b>, so the heralds of the Pylians summoned to share in booty all <b class="b3">οἷσι χρεῖος ὀφείλετ'· . . πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον</b> (where Sch. A, <b class="b3">τὰ περιελασθέντα ἐκ τῆς Πύλου ὑπὸ τῶν Ἐπειῶν θρέμματα χρέως καλεῖ</b>) <span class="bibl">Il. 11.686</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.367</span>, <span class="bibl">21.17</span>; later simply, [[debt]], αὐτὸς ἔτεισε . . χρέος <span class="bibl">Thgn.205</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρᾶς τίνει χ</b>. pays <b class="b2">the debt demanded by</b> the curse, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 457</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">μή τι πέρα χρέος . . πόλει προσάψῃς</b> [[debt]], i. e. [[guilt]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>235</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">χ. πράσσειν τινά</b> exact payment of a [[debt]] from one, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἐμὸν καταίσχυνε χ</b>. dishonoured my [[debt]], i.e. dishonoured me <b class="b2">for not paying my debt, for not keeping my promise</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">10(11).8</span>; <b class="b3">τεὸν χ</b>. <b class="b2">the debt due</b> to thee, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>8.33</span>: in Com. and Prose, <b class="b3">χ. ἀποδιδόναι</b> repay a [[debt]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.136</span> (where also we have <b class="b3">χ. διδόναι</b> to give a [[loan]], and <b class="b3">χ. λαμβάνειν</b> to receive a [[loan]]), cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>117</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>267a</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχω χ. ὡς εἰπεῖν οὐδὲν ἀνδρὸς Ἕλληνος</b> I know of nothing <b class="b2">that 1 owe</b> to any man of Greece, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.140</span>; χ. ἀπαιτεῖν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Oth.</span>2</span>; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα τῶν χ. ἀνεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sol.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν χρέως</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὀφειλόμενον</b>) <span class="bibl">D.33.24</span>; <b class="b3">ὢ καλὸν εἰς ἄλοχον θέμενος χ</b>., like [[χάριν θέσθαι]] (v. τίθημι A. 11.7 fin.), Epigr. in <span class="title">Arch.Pap.</span>1.220 (Ptolemaic); ἔχειν εἴς τι χ. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>48</span>: pl., [[debts]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>647</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>13</span>, etc.; χρειῶν λύσις <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>404</span>; χρέα ἀπολαβεῖν <span class="bibl">And.3.15</span>; χρέα ἐπὶ τόκοις ὀφειλόμενα <span class="bibl">Is.11.42</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν οὐσίαν ἅπασαν χρέα κατέλιπον</b> left all the property <b class="b2">in outstanding debts</b>, <span class="bibl">D.38.7</span>; <b class="b3">εἰσπραχθέντα χρέα</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">ἐκπληρῶσαι τὸ χ. ἅπαν</b> pay [[it]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>958b</span>; τὸ χ. διαλυέτω <span class="title">SIG</span>306.46 (Tegea, iv B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Luc.</span>20</span> (Pass.); πρὸς τὰ χ. ἀπάγεσθαι <span class="bibl">Plb.38.11.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.4.9</span>:—cf. [[ἀποκοπή]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">the debt that all must pay, fate, death</b>, οὐκ ἔστι τὸ χ. φυγεῖν <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.25</span>; τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπαιτηθεὶς χ. <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Wi.</span>15.8</span>; also ἂν μή τις θᾶττον ὡς χ. ἀποδιδῷ τὸ ζην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ax.</span>367b</span>; <b class="b3">ὁπότε εἰς τὸν ἀέρα ἀναδράμῃ τὸ χ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">ἡ ψυχή</b>, regarded as lent to the body) <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.330.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Poets, [[business]], [[affair]], [[matter]], ἑὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος ἐελδόμενος <span class="bibl">Od.1.409</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.45</span>; <b class="b3">χρέος πᾶν ἐπικραίνεις</b>, of Pelasgos, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>374</span> (lyr.); [[purpose]], [[object]], <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὑμῖν μὴ τόδ' ἐκπράξω χρέος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">472</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 156</span> (lyr.); πᾶν ὃ θέλεις . . χ. ἐκτετέλεσται <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.53</span>: c. gen., <b class="b3">σὸν οὐκ ἔλασσον ἢ κείνης χ</b>. your [[affair]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>892</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> almost = [[χρῆμα]], [[thing]], <b class="b3">τί χρέος;</b> = [[τί χρῆμα]]; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>85</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>95</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>251</span> (lyr.); ἐφ' ὅ τι χ. ἐμόλετε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>150</span> (lyr); τί χ. ἔβα δωμα; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1011</span> (lyr.); τί καινὸν ἦλθε δώμασιν χ.; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>530</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>30</span> (with play on signf.<span class="bibl">1</span>), <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.66</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἐλάφους, μέγα τι χ</b>. (cf. χρῆμα <span class="bibl">11.3</span>) <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>100</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in <span class="bibl">Od.11.479</span>, <b class="b3">ἦλθον Τειρεσίαο κατὰ χρέος</b> seems to be = [[Τειρεσίᾳ χρησόμενος]] (<span class="bibl">10.492</span>) <b class="b2">to consult</b> him. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> elsewh. <b class="b3">κατὰ χρέος</b> means according to <b class="b2">what is needful</b>, in [[due]] fashion, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>138</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.3.189</span>, <span class="bibl">Arat.343</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">duty, task, charge, office</b>, ἦλθε τωὔτ' ἐπὶ χρέος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.40</span>; οἷς τόδ' ἦν χρέος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>777</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>20</span>; τὸ σὸν μελέσθω . . φρουρῆσαι χρέος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>74</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1253</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>883</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">τὸ συνδρῶν χ</b>. the [[circumstance]] of being an accomplice, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>337</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b2">anything useful</b> or [[serviceable]], χρεῶν χρηΐζοντι μετάδοσιν ποιήσασθαι Hp.<b class="b2">Jusj.;</b> <b class="b3">δέκα στατῆρανς καταστασεῖ, τῶ δὲ χρήϊος</b>( = [[χρέους]]) διπλεῖ ὄτι κ' ὀ δικαστὰς ὀμόσει συνεσσάκσαι <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>3.14, cf. 11, <span class="title">GDI</span>5100.11 (Malla). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[value]], [[validity]], <b class="b3">υηδὲν ἐς χρῆος</b> (or <b class="b3">χρέος</b>) <b class="b3"> ἤμην τὰν δόσιν</b> the gift shall be of no [[value]], i. e. invalid, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>10.24, cf. 31. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b3">παρὰ χρέος</b>, = [[παραχρῆμα]], Call.<span class="title">Aet.Oxy.</span>2080.14 (<b class="b3">παραχρῆμ'</b> ap.Stob.), <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>614</span> (prob. orig. = signf. VIII). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VIII</span> = [[χρεία, χρεώ]], [[need]], <b class="b3">τί δ', ὦ τάλας, σε τοῦδ' ἔχει πλέκους χρέος;</b> Answ. χ. μὲν οὐδέν, βούλομαι δ' ὅμως λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>454</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Bion <span class="title">Fr.</span>2.2</span>.</span>