αἰτία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[responsibility]], mostly in bad sense, [[guilt]], [[blame]], or the imputation thereof, i.e. [[accusation]], first in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.35</span> and Hdt., v. infr. (Hom. uses <b class="b3">αἴτιος</b>):—Phrases: <b class="b3">αἰτίαν ἔχειν</b> bear [[responsibility for]], τινός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>579</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1312</span>; but usu. [[to be accused]], <b class="b3">τινός</b> [[of]] a crime, φόνου <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.70</span>: c. inf., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>506</span>; foll. by <b class="b3">ὡς…</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>38c</span>; by <b class="b3">ὡς</b> c. part., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>249d</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπό τινος</b> [[by]] some one, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>99</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>565b</span>: reversely, αἰτία ἔχει τινά <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.70</span>,<span class="bibl">71</span>; αἰ. φεύγειν τινός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1404</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι</b> or <b class="b3">γίγνεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>67</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.8.6</span>; <b class="b3">αἰτίαν ὑπέχειν</b> lie under [[a charge]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>33b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.3.16</span>; ὑπομεῖναι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.139</span>; φέρεσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.2.60</span>; <b class="b3">λαβεῖν ἀπό τινος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">18</span>; αἰτίαις ἐνέχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>52a</span>; αἰτίαις περιπίπτειν <span class="bibl">Lys.7.1</span>; εἰς αἰτίαν ἐμπίπτειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>150a</span>; αἰτίας τυγχάνειν <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2.2</span>; ἐκτὸς αἰτίας κυρεῖν <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>332</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν αἰτίῃ ἔχειν</b> hold one [[guilty]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.106</span>; δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Th. 2.60</span>, etc.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ βάλλειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>656</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπιφέρειν τινί</b> impute [[the fault]] to one, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.26</span>; αἰτίαν νέμειν τινί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>28</span>; ἐπάγειν <span class="bibl">D.18.283</span>; προσβάλλειν τινί <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνατιθέναι, προστιθέναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>640</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀπολύειν τινὰ τῆς αἰτίης</b> to acquit of [[guilt]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.88</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in forensic oratory, [[invective]] without proof (opp. <b class="b3">ἔλεγχος</b>), <span class="bibl">D.22.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in good sense, <b class="b3">εἰ… εὖ πράξαιμεν, αἰτία θεοῦ</b> [[the credit]] is his, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ὅντινα αἰτίαν ἔχουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι βελτίους γεγονέναι</b> [[are reputed]] to have become better, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>503b</span>, cf. <span class="title">Alc.</span>1.119a, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>984b19</span>; <b class="b3">ὧν… πέρι αἰτίαν ἔχεις διαφέρειν</b> in which you [[are reputed]] to excel, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>169a</span>; <b class="b3">οἳ… ἔχουσι ταύτην τὴν αἰ</b>. who have this [[reputation]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>435e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">And. 2.12</span>; αἰτίαν λαμβάνειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>624a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[expostulation]], μὴ ἐπ' ἔχθρᾳ τὸ πλέον ἢ αἰτίᾳ <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[cause]], δι' ἣν αἰτίην ἐπολέμησαν Hdt.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Democr.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>68e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>97a</span> sq., etc.; on the four causes of Arist. v. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>194b16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>983a26</span>:—<b class="b3">αἰ. τοῦ γενέσθαι</b> or γεγονέναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>97a</span>; τοῦ μεγίστου ἀγαθοῦ τῇ πόλει αἰτία ἡ κοινωνία <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>464b</span>:—dat. <b class="b3">αἰτίᾳ</b> <b class="b2">for the sake of</b>, κοινοῦ τινος ἀγαθοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.4.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.8.29</span>:—<b class="b3">αἴτιον</b> (cf. αἴτιος <span class="bibl">11.2</span>) is used like [[αἰτία]] in the sense of [[cause]], not in that of [[accusation]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[occasion]], [[motive]], <b class="b3">αἰτίαν ῥοαῖσι Μοισᾶν ἐνέβαλε</b> gave them [[a the me]] for song, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.11</span>; αἰτίαν παρέχειν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tyr.</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[head]], [[category]] under which a thing comes, <span class="bibl">D.23.75</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[case in dispute]], ἡ αἰ. τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>10.10</span>.</span>