καπνός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[smoke]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.317</span>, etc.; κνισάεντι καπνῷ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).66</span>; καπνῷ πυρός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>497</span>; [[spray]], καπνοῦ καὶ κύματος ἐκτὸς ἔεργε νῆα <span class="bibl">Od. 12.219</span> (hence metaph., <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>1.47</span>): prov., <b class="b3">καπνοῦ σκιά</b>, of things worth nothing, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>399</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>946</span>; τἄλλ' ἐγὼ καπνοῦ σκιᾶς οὐκ ἂν πριαίμην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1170</span>; also περὶ καπνοῦ στενολεσχεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 320</span>; κ. καὶ φλυαρία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>581d</span>: and in pl., <b class="b3">γραμμάτων καπνοί</b> learned [[trifles]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>954</span>; καπνοὺς… καὶ σκιάς <span class="bibl">Eup.51</span>; nickname of a man, <span class="bibl">Id.122</span>: metaph. also of envy, <b class="b3">ὕδωρ καπνῷ φέρειν</b> to throw water <b class="b2">on the smoking embers</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.24</span>: prov., <b class="b3">ἐς αὐτὸ τὸ πῦρ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ βιαζόμενος</b> 'out of the frying-pan into the fire', <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nec.</span>4</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[fumitory]], [[Fumaria officinalis]], <span class="bibl">Anon.Lond.36.58</span>, Dsc.4.109.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[smoke]], [[steam]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">ka-pi-ni-ja</b>.<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">καπνο-δόκη</b> `<b class="b2">flue (of a chimney</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">δύσ-καπνος</b> `<b class="b2">with an unpleasant smoke</b>' (A., Thphr.).<br />Derivatives: Subst. 1. <b class="b3">κάπνη</b> (Com.), short form of <b class="b3">καπνοδόκη</b>; also = <b class="b3">καπνιαῖος λίθος</b> (PHolm.; s. below); 2. <b class="b3">καπνία</b> for <b class="b3">κάπνη</b> (Moer. 292, Gloss.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 56); 3. <b class="b3">καπνίας</b> m. name a) of a wine, that got a special taste from smoke (Com.), b) a kind of jasper, = <b class="b3">καπνίτης</b>, from the colour (Dsc., Plin.), c) of the poet Ekphantides (Ar. V. 151; `<b class="b3">διὰ τὸ μηδεν λαμπρὸν γράφειν</b>' H.). 4. <b class="b3">καπνίτης</b> m. name of a stone, from the colour (Alex. Trall.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 55), <b class="b3">καπνῖτις</b> f. plant name, [[fumitory]], [[Fumaria officinalis]], from the smoke-coloured leaves (Ps.-Dsc.), also called <b class="b3">κάπνιος</b> and <b class="b3">καπνός</b> (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 27, Redard 72). - Adject. 5. <b class="b3">κάπνε(ι)ος</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἄμπελος</b>) f. <b class="b2">vine with smoke-coloured grapes</b> (Arist., Thphr., pap.); 6. <b class="b3">καπνώδης</b> <b class="b2">smokey, smoke-coloured</b> (Arist., Thphr., Plb.); 7. <b class="b3">καπνηλός</b> `<b class="b2">smoke-like</b> (Nic. Th. 54); 8. <b class="b3">καπνιαῖος λίθος</b> `<b class="b2">smoke-coloured quarz</b> (PHolm.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. <b class="b3">καπνίζω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">καπνίσ(σ)αι</b>, also with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>, <b class="b2">smoke, make smoke, be smoke-coloured</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">κάπνισις</b> <b class="b2">exposure to smoke</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">κάπνισμα</b> `[[incense]] (AP), <b class="b3">καπνιστήριον</b> <b class="b2">steam-bath?</b> (Priene); 2. <b class="b3">καπνόομαι</b> <b class="b2">vanish into smoke</b> (Pi., E.); 3. <b class="b3">καπνιάω</b> <b class="b2">smoke a bee-hive</b>' (A. R. 2, 131), after <b class="b3">θυμιάω</b>; 4. <b class="b3">καπνείω</b> <b class="b2">let vanish into smoke, burn</b> (Nic. Th. 36). - Beside <b class="b3">καπνός</b> there is an aorist <b class="b3">ἀπὸ</b> (<b class="b3">δε ψυχην</b>) <b class="b3">ἐκάπυσσεν</b> <b class="b2">breathe forth</b> (Χ 467; <b class="b3">κάπυσσεν</b> Q. S. 6, 523), with the present <b class="b3">καπύσσων ἐκπνέων</b> H.; the supposed basis seems preserved in <b class="b3">κάπυς πνεῦμα</b> H. (also <b class="b3">κάπος ψυχή</b>, <b class="b3">πνεῦμα</b>). Uncertain is the gloss, given in the wrong place, <b class="b3">καπυκτά πνέοντα</b> H.; connected with <b class="b3">καπύσσων</b>?, cf [[ἀλύω]] (s.v.) with <b class="b3">ἀλύσσω</b> s. The stem with <b class="b3">υ-</b> also in [[καπυρός]] <b class="b2">dry etc.</b>, s. v.; uncertain is <b class="b3">κέκηφε</b> <b class="b3">τέθνηκε</b> H., [[κεκαφηότα]] (Hom.), s. v.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: An original <b class="b3">*κϜαπ-νός</b> (see Schwyzer 302; and s. below), but note that Myc. does not have a [[w]], agrees with Lith. <b class="b2">kvãpas</b> [[breath]], [[smell]]; beside it with <b class="b2">ē-</b>vowel <b class="b2">kvėpiù,kvẽpti</b> [[gasp]], [[breathe]], Latv. [[kvêpstu]], [[kvêpt]] [[smoke]], [[smell]]; <b class="b3">καπνός</b> a. cogn. then seem to go back on IE. <b class="b2">ku̯ep-</b>. An old question is whether Lat. [[vapor]] [[vapour]], [[smoke]] with <b class="b2">v-</b> for expected <b class="b2">qu-</b> is cognate. On the other hand Russ. <b class="b2">kópotь</b> [[fine soot]], [[dust]] etc. presents a <b class="b2">u̯-</b>less form, which cannot be explained from Slavic. Finally Germ., e. g. Goth. <b class="b2">af-ƕapjan</b> [[suffocate]], [[extinguish]], <b class="b2">af-ƕapnan</b> [[extinguish]] show a root-final [[p]] for [[f]] ([[b]]). "Man hat somit in den verschiedenen Sprachen mit zahlreichen, nicht unerwarteten Entgleisungen zu rechnen. (Frisk)" - More forms in Pok. 596f.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. [[vapor]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">kvẽpti</b>, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">kópotь</b>. S. also Bq. - Schrijver (Laryng. in Latin, 260f.) assumed a laryngeal for Latvian, and posited <b class="b2">*kuh₂ep-</b>, a rare type that is perhaps impossible; also it is uncertain that this gave <b class="b3">*κϜαπ-</b>. IE origin, then, is improbable. <b class="b2">*kap-</b> is unprobelematic for Pre-Greek; an <b class="b2">u-</b>stem (<b class="b3">κάπυς</b>) is frequent in Pre-Greek (s. Heubeck, Praegraeca 31-39), as is a suffix <b class="b2">n-</b> after consonant (Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes). The Baltic (and Slavic) forms, and Lat. [[vapor]] are unclear, and may come form a substr. language. (I do not assume <b class="b2">*kʷap-</b>, as this would give <b class="b3">*κ(ϝ)οπ-</b>, cf. <b class="b3">ἄλοξ</b>, <b class="b3">καλαῦροψ</b>.)