λύω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">loosen, liberate, make loose, destroy, pay</b>.<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">λῦσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">λύσω</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">λέλυμαι</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">λυθῆναι</b> (Il.), aor. midd. also <b class="b3">λύμην</b>, <b class="b3">λύ(ν)το</b> (Hom.), perf. act. <b class="b3">λέλυκα</b>.<br />Compounds: very often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>. As 1. member <b class="b3">λῦσ(ι</b>)- in governing compp., e.g. <b class="b3">λυσί-πονος</b>, <b class="b3">λυσι-τελής</b> (s. v.), PN like <b class="b3">Λυσί-μαχος</b>, shortname <b class="b3">Λυσίας</b> a. o.; as 2. member in <b class="b3">βου-λυ-τός</b> (s. v.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">λύσις</b> [[loosenig]], [[liberation]] (Ω 655 a. ι 421; cf. Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 4f.. Benveniste Noms d'agent 77, Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 71ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 196), from the prefixcompp. <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔκ-λυσις</b> etc. (Thgn., Sol., IA; cf. Holt [s. Index]); davon (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-)λύσιμος</b> <b class="b2">good for loosening etc.</b> (trag., Pl., Arist.; Arbenz 66 u. 68); also <b class="b3">λύσιος</b> <b class="b2">bringing loosening</b>, surn. of the gods, esp. Dionysos (Pl., Plu.). 2. <b class="b3">λύματα</b> pl. = <b class="b3">ἐνέχυρα</b> (Suid.); but <b class="b3">κατάλυ-μα</b> n. [[inn]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (hell. pap.) from <b class="b3">κατα-λύω</b> [[dismiss]], [[unloose]]. 3. Aeol. Dor. <b class="b3">λύα</b> f. (Alc., Pi.), <b class="b3">λύη</b> (Hdn. Gr.) [[loosening]], [[saparation]], [[στάσις]]; from it, but deviant in meaning, <b class="b3">Λυαῖος</b>, <b class="b3">-αία</b> surn. of Dionysos resp. the Great Goddess (Anakreont., IG 5: 2, 287 [I--IIp]; Tim. Pers. 132), cf. Danielsson Eranos 5, 52 and Sandsjoe Adj. auf <b class="b3">-αιος</b> 11 w. n. 1, Lat. LW [loanword] Lyaeus. - 4. (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> )<b class="b3">λυτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[liberator]], [[looser]], [[arbiter]] (A., E., hell. inscr.) with (<b class="b3">ἐκ-)λυτήριος</b> [[loosing]], [[liberating]] (Hp., trag.); <b class="b3">λυτήριον</b> = <b class="b3">λύτρον</b> (Pi., A. R.), but <b class="b3">καταλυτήριον</b> = <b class="b3">κατάλυμα</b> (Poll., s. above). Fem. <b class="b3">λύτειρα</b> (Orph.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 128), also <b class="b3">λυτηριάς</b> (Orph.). 5. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-λύτης</b> <b class="b2">looser, resp. loging guest, looser, conciliator</b> (Th., resp. Plb.); here and after <b class="b3">λύσις</b>, <b class="b3">λύω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b> etc.) <b class="b3">λυτικός</b> <b class="b2">good for loosing.</b> (Pl., Arist.). - 6. <b class="b3">λύτρον</b> [[ransom]] (usu. pl.), [[substitute]], [[retribution]] (Pi., IA.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 203 f., Chantraine Formation 332) with (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-)λυτρόω</b>, <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> <b class="b2">give free for ransom etc.</b> (Att.), from where (-)<b class="b3">λύτρωσις</b>, <b class="b3">λυτρώσι-μος</b>, <b class="b3">λυτρωτής</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπολυτρωτικός</b> (hell.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [681] <b class="b2">*leu(s)-</b> <b class="b2">make loose</b><br />Etymology: The regular Greek formal system is the result of nivellation. Old was the athematic aorist <b class="b3">λύ-μην</b>, <b class="b3">λύ-το</b> (Schwyzer 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382), new prob. the themat. present <b class="b3">λύω</b> with original short (Hom.), then also long (Att.; sts. also Hom.) <b class="b3">υ</b>, prob. after <b class="b3">λῦσαι</b> etc. (cf. Schwyzer 686, Chantraine 1, 372; also Schulze Q. 387 f., Bonfante Emerita 1, 117). Further agrees with <b class="b3">λύω</b> Lat. [[luō]] [[mend]], [[pay]], to which [[solvō]] (from <b class="b2">*se-luō</b>) [[solve]]; the long vowel in <b class="b2">so-lū-tus</b> and in Skt. <b class="b2">lū-na-</b> <b class="b2">cut off</b> has an agreement in <b class="b3">βου-λυ-τός</b> (against <b class="b3">λύ-το</b>, <b class="b3">λύ-σις</b> etc.). The Skt. verb deviates both formally and semantically ('cut off, divide, destroy usw.') with the nasal presents <b class="b2">lu-nā́-ti</b>, <b class="b2">lu-no-ti</b>; the other finite forms are much later; on full grade verbal nouns (e.g. <b class="b2">laví-</b>, <b class="b2">lavítra-</b>) s. on <b class="b3">λαῖον</b> (not in <b class="b3">λοι-δορέω</b>). - From other languages there are isolated verbal nouns or verb forma, which are unimportant for Greek, like Goth. [[lun]] acc. sg. <b class="b3">λύτρον</b>, ransom'; with <b class="b2">n-</b>suffix Alb. [[laj]] <b class="b2">pay a debt</b> (from IE <b class="b2">*lǝu̯n-i̯ō</b>?). Besides with <b class="b2">s-</b>enlargement Germ. e.g. Goth. <b class="b2">fra-liusan</b> [[lose]] (IE <b class="b2">*leus-</b>) wiht [[fralusts]] [[loss]] (IE. <b class="b2">*lus-ti-</b>), <b class="b2">fra-lus-nan</b> <b class="b2">be lost</b>. - More forms WP. 2, 407 f., Pok. 681 f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. [[luō]].