λύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=poet. imper. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> λῦθι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>85</span>: fut. <b class="b3">λύσω [ῡ</b>] <span class="bibl">Il.1.29</span>, etc.: aor. ἔλῡσα <span class="bibl">18.244</span>, etc.: pf. λέλῠκα <span class="bibl">Th.7.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>992</span> (<b class="b3">ἀπο</b>-), etc.:— Pass., pf. λέλῠμαι <span class="bibl">Il.8.103</span>, etc.: plpf. <b class="b3">ἐλελύμην [ῠ</b>] <span class="bibl">Od.22.186</span>, etc.: aor. <b class="b3">ἐλύθην</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">λύθην [ῠ</b>] <span class="bibl">8.360</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>860</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.103</span>, etc.: fut. λῠθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>41b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.116</span>, etc., also <b class="b3">λελύσομαι [ῡ</b>] <span class="bibl">D.14.2</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.37</span> (<b class="b3">ἀπο</b>-): Ep. aor. Pass. <b class="b3">λύμην [ῠ</b>] <span class="bibl">Il.21.80</span>; <b class="b3">λύτο [ῠ</b>] ib.<span class="bibl">114</span>, but λῦτο <span class="bibl">24.1</span> (at beginning of line, v.l. [[λύτο]]); λύντο <span class="bibl">7.16</span>: also 3sg. opt. pf. λελῦτο <span class="bibl">Od.18.238</span>:—Med., fut. λύσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.13</span>, etc.: aor. ἐλυσάμην <span class="bibl">14.214</span>: pf. Pass. <b class="b3">λέλῦμαι</b> in med. sense, <span class="bibl">D.36.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span> 1400a22</span> (cf. <b class="b3">δια-, κατα-λύω</b>): fut. <b class="b3">λύσομαι</b> in pass. sense, (δια-) <span class="bibl">Th.2.12</span>, (<b class="b3">ἐπι</b>-) <span class="bibl">Lys.25.33</span> codd. (<b class="b3">καταλύσεσθαι</b> edd.), (κατα-) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.9</span>.—Homer uses all tenses exc. pf. Act., pres. and fut. Pass. [In pres. and impf. ῡ always in Att., ῠ mostly in Ep., though Hom. has ῡ twice, ἔλῡεν <span class="bibl">Il.23.513</span>, λῡει <span class="bibl">Od.7.74</span>; also in compds., ἀλλῡεσκεν <span class="bibl">2.105</span>, <b class="b3">ἀλλῡουσαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">109</span>: in fut. and aor. 1 ῡ always: in other tenses ῠ always, exc. in the forms <b class="b3">λελῦτο, λῦτο</b> (v. supr.).] (Cf. Lat. [[luo]] (pay), <b class="b2">re-luo, solvo</b> (for <b class="b2">se-luo), solūtus</b>, etc.):—[[loosen]]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of things, [[unbind]], [[unfasten]], esp. clothes and armour, <b class="b3">λῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῇρα, θώρηκα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.215</span>, <span class="bibl">16.804</span>; <b class="b3">λ. παρθενίην ζώνην</b> [[loose]] the maiden-girdle, of the husband after marriage, <span class="bibl">Od. 11.245</span>; of the wife, λύοι χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωϊ παρθενίας <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>8(7).48</span>; ἔνθα παρθένει' ἔλυσ' ἐγὼ κορεύματα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>177</span>; so ἔλυσας… ἅγνευμα σόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>501</span>; freq. of the tackling of ships, <b class="b3">λ. πρυμνήσια, ἱστία, λαῖφος</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Od.2.418</span>, <span class="bibl">15.496</span>, <span class="bibl">552</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>406</span>, etc. (never in Il.); <b class="b3">λ. πρύμνας, νεῶν πόδα</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>539</span>,<span class="bibl">1020</span>, etc.: abs., <b class="b3">λύειν</b>, of ships, [[set sail]], λῦε, κυβερνήτα <span class="title">APl.</span>1.6*.9 (Panteleus); <b class="b3">ἀσκὸν λ</b>. [[untie]] a skin (used as a bag), <span class="bibl">Od.10.47</span>: freq. in Trag., <b class="b3">λ. στολάς, πέπλον</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1597</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>924</span>; <b class="b3">λ. ἡνίαν</b> [[slacken]] the rein, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>743</span>; <b class="b3">κλῄθρων λυθέντων</b> when the gates have been [[opened]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>396</span>; <b class="b3">λ. γράμματα, δέλτον</b>, [[open]] a letter, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>38</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">307</span>; <b class="b3">λ. πέδας, δεσμά</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 645</span> (Pass.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1123</span>; ἀρβύλας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>945</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρτάνας… δέρης ἔλυσαν</b> [[loosed]] it from my neck, ib.<span class="bibl">876</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>781</span>:—Med., <b class="b3">ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν</b> <b class="b3">ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα</b> [[undid her]] belt, <span class="bibl">Il.14.214</span>; but <b class="b3">λύοντο τεύχεα</b> they [[undid]] the armour [[for themselves]], i.e. stripped it off (others), <span class="bibl">17.318</span>; later <b class="b3">λυσαμένα πλοκαμῖδας</b> [[unbinding her]] hair, <span class="bibl">Bion 1.20</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in various phrases, <b class="b3">στόμα λ</b>. [[open]] the mouth, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1060</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.96</span>; γλώσσας λ. εἰς αἰσχροὺς μύθους <span class="bibl">Critias 6.9</span> D.; <b class="b3">λ. βλεφάρων ἕδραν</b> wake up, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>8</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">λ. ὀφρύν</b> [[unfold]] the brow, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>290</span>; λ. ἄχος ἀπ' ὀμμάτων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>706</span> (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of living beings, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> of horses, etc., [[unyoke]], [[unharness]], opp. <b class="b3">ζεύγνυμι</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.35</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπὲξ ὀχέων</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.369</span>,<span class="bibl">8.504</span>; ὑφ' ἅρμασιν <span class="bibl">18.244</span>; ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ <span class="bibl">Od.4.39</span>: ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν <span class="bibl">Il.24.576</span>; ὑπ' ἀπήνης <span class="bibl">Od.7.6</span> (also in Med., <b class="b3">μὴ… ὑπ' ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους</b> [[unyoke]] our horses, <span class="bibl">Il. 23.7</span>; βόε λῦσαι <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>608</span>); <b class="b3">λύε μώνυχας ἵππους</b> [[loosed]] them, <span class="bibl">Il.10.498</span>; <b class="b3">λ. κύνα</b> [[let]] him [[loose]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.13</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of men, [[release]], [[deliver]], esp. from bonds or prison, and so, generally, from difficulty or danger, <span class="bibl">Il.15.22</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.345</span>, <span class="bibl">12.53</span>, <span class="bibl">D.24.206</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ λύσων</b> [[he that shall deliver]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>771</span>,<span class="bibl">785</span>: c. gen. rei, τὸν… θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν <span class="bibl">Od.5.397</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.50</span>, etc.; λ. τινὰ δεσμῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1006</span>; ὄκνου <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>181</span>; τὼ… ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν <span class="bibl">Od.8.360</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>4.23</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>873</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1244</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>360c</span>; also <b class="b3">λ. δόμους ἁβρότατος</b> [[rob]] the house of... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>11.34</span>; <b class="b3">λ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς</b> [[depose]] him from... <span class="bibl">D.S.13.92</span>:—Med., prop. [[get]] one [[loosed]] or [[set free]], λύσασθαί τινα δυσφροσυνάων <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>528</span>; ὅσπερ Ἰὼ πημονᾶς ἐλύσατο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1065</span> (lyr.):—Pass., λυθῆναι τὰς πέδας <span class="bibl">D.S.17.116</span>; <b class="b3">λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, ὡς ἐλύθη ζυγὸν ἀλκᾶς</b> [[has been let loose]] to speak, since the yoke [[was loosed]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>592</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> of prisoners, <b class="b2">release on receipt of ransom, admit to ransom, release</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">24.137</span>,<span class="bibl">555</span>, etc.; λ. τινά τινι <span class="bibl">1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">24.561</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.298</span>; <b class="b3">Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ λύσειαν</b> [[would give]] them [[up]], <span class="bibl">Il.17.163</span>; in full, λ. τινὰ ἀποίνων <span class="bibl">11.106</span>; χρημάτων μεγάλων <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.135</span> (Pass.); ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς <span class="bibl">Th.5.3</span>:—Med., <b class="b2">release by payment of ransom, get</b> a person [[released]], [[redeem]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.13</span>, <span class="bibl">24.118</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Od.10.284</span>,<span class="bibl">385</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>243c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.229</span>; λύσασθαί τινας ἐκ πολεμίων <span class="bibl">Lys.12.20</span>; ἵππον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.8.6</span>; ὅσους αὐτὸς ἐλυσάμην τῶν αἰχμαλώτων <span class="bibl">D.19.169</span>; λ. τινὶ τὸ χωρίον <span class="bibl">Id.50.28</span>; <b class="b3">ἑαυτοὺς λ</b>. [[pay their]] own [[ransom]], <span class="bibl">Id.19.169</span>; [[buy]] from a pimp, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1353</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">λελύσθαι τῶν νόμων</b>, = Lat. [[legibus solvi]], <span class="bibl">D.C.53.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[give up]], [θρόνον] λῦσον ἄμμιν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.155</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">resolve a whole into its parts, dissolve, break up</b>, <b class="b3">λ. ἀγορήν</b> [[dissolve]] the assembly, <span class="bibl">Il.1.305</span>; ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει <span class="bibl">Od.2.69</span>, etc.:—Pass., λῦτο δ' ἀγών <span class="bibl">Il.24.1</span>; μὴ λυθείη ἡ στρατιά <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">πρὶν &lt;ἂν&gt;… ἡ ἀγορὰ</b> ([[market]]) λυθῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span> 12.1</span>; λυθείσης τῆς συνουσίας <span class="bibl">Plb.5.15.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of concrete objects, <b class="b3">σπάρτα λέλυνται</b>, i. e. [[have rotted]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.135</span>; ῥαφαὶ δ' ἐλέλυντο ἱμάντων <span class="bibl">Od.22.186</span>; <b class="b3">λ. τὴν σχεδίην</b> [[break]] it [[up]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.97</span>; [<b class="b3">τὴν γέφυραν</b>] <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>2.4.17</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ἀπόφραξιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.2.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> esp. of physical strength, [[loosen]], i. e. [[weaken]], [[relax]], <b class="b3">λῦσε δὲ γυῖα</b> [[made]] his limbs [[slack]] or [[loose]], i. e. killed him, <span class="bibl">Il.4.469</span>, al.; ὅς τοι γούνατ' ἔλυσα <span class="bibl">22.335</span>; πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατ' ἔλυσεν <span class="bibl">5.176</span>, etc.; ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος <span class="bibl">16.332</span>; πέλεκυς λῦσεν… βοὸς μένος <span class="bibl">Od.3.450</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.17.29</span>; but <b class="b3">οἵ μοι καμάτῳ… γούνατ' ἔλυσαν</b> [[made]] my knees [[weak]] with toil, <span class="bibl">Od.20.118</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">λύντο δὲ γυῖα</b>, etc., as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, <span class="bibl">Il. 7.16</span>, etc.; καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο <span class="bibl">13.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.8.233</span>; αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ <span class="bibl">Il.21.114</span>,<span class="bibl">425</span>; λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε <span class="bibl">5.296</span>, etc.; λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα <span class="bibl">Od.4.794</span>, <span class="bibl">18.189</span>; λέλυται γυίων ῥώμη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>913</span> (anap.); λύεται δέ μου μέλη <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>438</span>; λέλυμαι μελέων σύνδεσμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>199</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">λύει βλέφαρα</b> [[closes]] her eyes [[in sleep]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1302</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> metaph., λ. τὴν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς πρὸς μάχην παρασκευήν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.5.22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">undo, bring to naught, destroy</b>, πολίων κάρηνα <span class="bibl">Il.9.25</span>; Τροίης κρήδεμνα <span class="bibl">16.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.388</span>, cf. B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>16.7: generally, [[put an end to]], νείκεα <span class="bibl">Il.14.205</span>; μελεδήματα <span class="bibl">23.62</span>; ἔριν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>81</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>9.316.12 (Leon.); πόλεμον <span class="bibl">Th.5.31</span>; ἐπιμομφάν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).9</span>; μέμψιν <span class="bibl">Democr.271</span>; φόβον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>270</span>; <b class="b3">φόβον καὶ τὴν ὑποψίαν</b> Polystr.<span class="bibl">p.7</span> W., cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Sent.</span>12</span>; μοχθήματα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1616</span>; ἀνάγκας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>39</span>; <b class="b3">βίον</b>, i.e. die, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IT</span>692</span>; <b class="b3">αἰῶν' ἔλυσε</b>, i.e. died, <span class="bibl">B.1.43</span>; λ. τὸ τέλος βίον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1720</span> (lyr.); μαχας <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pax</span>991</span> (anap.); νοσήματα <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.35</span> (Pass.), cf. Gal.6.476; κόπους Dsc.<span class="title">Eup.</span>1.220; [[forgive]], ἁμαρτήματα <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Jb.</span>42.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in Prose, <b class="b3">λ. νόμους</b> [[repeal]] or [[annul]] laws, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">D.3.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1269a15</span>; <b class="b3">οὐθὲν τῶν περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1298b31</span>; λ. ψήφῳ τὸ παράνομον <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.197</span> (Pass.), etc.; ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλυσαν τὰς σπονδὰς λελύσθαι μοι δοκεῖ ἡ ἐκείνων ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ὑποψία <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.21</span>; [[rescind]] a vote, ψῆφον λύει ὁ νόμος <span class="bibl">D.24.2</span>; [[revoke]] a will, διαθήκην <span class="bibl">Is.6.33</span>, etc. (but in Pass., <b class="b2">to be opened</b>, of a will, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>715.19</span> (ii A. D.), etc.); [[unbind]] a spell, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>3.27</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">λέλυται πάντα</b> all <b class="b2">ties are broken</b>, all <b class="b2">is in confusion</b>, <span class="bibl">D.25.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> as a technical term, [[solve]] a difficulty, a problem, a question, λύεται ἡ ἀπορία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>324e</span>, al.; λ. ζήτημα Gal.6.436. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> [[refute]] an argument, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>509a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1402b24</span>,al.; cf. λύσις <span class="bibl">11.4b</span>, λυτικός <span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> [[unravel]] the plot of a tragedy, opp. <b class="b3">πλέκειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Po.</span>1456a10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">λ. τὴν φάσιν</b>, of the Moon, <b class="b2">pass out of</b>, Vett. Val.<span class="bibl">134.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[break]] a legal agreement or obligation, τὸν νόμον <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.106</span>; τὰς σπονδάς <span class="bibl">Th.1.23</span>, <span class="bibl">78</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.23</span>, al.; τὰ συγκείμενα <span class="bibl">Lys.6.41</span>; <b class="b3">σίς κε τὰς ϝρήτας τάσδε λύση</b> whoso [[breaks]] this agreement, <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.29 H. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> in physical sense, [[dissolve]], <b class="b3">λύθεν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">πάγεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp.15.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ θερμὸν λύει</b>, opp. <b class="b3">πήγνυσι</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>384b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">382b33</span> (Pass.); ἀμμωνιακὸν ὄξει λύσας Gal.11.106; [[melt]], παγείσας χιόνας <span class="bibl">Hdn.8.4.2</span>; τι πυρὶ λ. <span class="title">Hippiatr.</span>52. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> of medicines, λ. τὴν κοιλίαν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>863b29</span>, cf. Hp.<b class="b2">Acut.(Sp.)</b>38, <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.140</span>; so of the effects of terror, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>877a32</span> (Pass.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> [[resolve]] into, in Pass., <span class="bibl">Heph.8</span>, <span class="bibl">10</span>, Aristid. Quint.1.28. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[solve]], [[fulfil]], [[accomplish]], τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ μαντεῖα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>407</span>; ὅρκον <span class="bibl">Plb.6.58.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">atone for, make up for</b>, τὰς πρότερον ἁμαρτίας Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> <span class="bibl">691</span>; λύσων ὅσ' ἐξήμαρτον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1224</span>; λ. φόνον φόνῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>101</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Or.</span>511</span>; αἱ πρόσοδοι λύουσι τἀναλώματα <span class="bibl">Diph.32.5</span>:—Med., τῶν πάλαι πεπραγμένων λύσασθ' αἷμα… δίκαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>804</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">μισθὸν λύειν</b> [[pay]] wages <b class="b2">in full, quit oneself of</b> them, used only in cases of obligation, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>2.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">τέλη λύειν</b>, = [[λυσιτελεῖν]], <b class="b2">pay, profit. avail</b>, <b class="b3">ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι</b> where [[it boots]] not to be wise, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 316</span>: but more freq. <b class="b3">λύει</b> without <b class="b3">τέλη</b>, construed like [[λυσιτελεῖ]], abs., λύει δ' ἄλγος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1362</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.400.16</span>: c. dat. pers., φημὶ τοιούτους γάμους λύειν βροτοῖσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>628</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>441</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">πῶς οὖν λύει… ἐπιβάλλειν</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>1112</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">ἐμοί τελύειτοῖσιμέλλουσιν τέκνοις τὰ ζῶντ' ὀνῆσαι</b> [[it is good for]] me to benefit my living children by means of those to come, ib.<span class="bibl">566</span>; λύει ἀπελθεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>77i12</span> (ii B.C.): c. acc. et inf., <b class="b3">λύει γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδέν, οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ,… θανεῖν</b> [[it is]] not [[expedient that]] we should die (<b class="b3">οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ</b> being parenthetic), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span> 1005</span>; οὐ γάρ με λύει… κακορροθεῖσθαι E.<span class="title">Sthen.Prol.</span>35; cf. [[λυσιτελέω]].</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">loosen, liberate, make loose, destroy, pay</b>.<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">λῦσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">λύσω</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">λέλυμαι</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">λυθῆναι</b> (Il.), aor. midd. also <b class="b3">λύμην</b>, <b class="b3">λύ(ν)το</b> (Hom.), perf. act. <b class="b3">λέλυκα</b>.<br />Compounds: very often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>. As 1. member <b class="b3">λῦσ(ι</b>)- in governing compp., e.g. <b class="b3">λυσί-πονος</b>, <b class="b3">λυσι-τελής</b> (s. v.), PN like <b class="b3">Λυσί-μαχος</b>, shortname <b class="b3">Λυσίας</b> a. o.; as 2. member in <b class="b3">βου-λυ-τός</b> (s. v.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">λύσις</b> [[loosenig]], [[liberation]] (Ω 655 a. ι 421; cf. Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 4f.. Benveniste Noms d'agent 77, Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 71ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 196), from the prefixcompp. <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔκ-λυσις</b> etc. (Thgn., Sol., IA; cf. Holt [s. Index]); davon (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-)λύσιμος</b> <b class="b2">good for loosening etc.</b> (trag., Pl., Arist.; Arbenz 66 u. 68); also <b class="b3">λύσιος</b> [[bringing loosening]], surn. of the gods, esp. Dionysos (Pl., Plu.). 2. <b class="b3">λύματα</b> pl. = <b class="b3">ἐνέχυρα</b> (Suid.); but <b class="b3">κατάλυ-μα</b> n. [[inn]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (hell. pap.) from <b class="b3">κατα-λύω</b> [[dismiss]], [[unloose]]. 3. Aeol. Dor. <b class="b3">λύα</b> f. (Alc., Pi.), <b class="b3">λύη</b> (Hdn. Gr.) [[loosening]], [[saparation]], [[στάσις]]; from it, but deviant in meaning, <b class="b3">Λυαῖος</b>, <b class="b3">-αία</b> surn. of Dionysos resp. the Great Goddess (Anakreont., IG 5: 2, 287 [I--IIp]; Tim. Pers. 132), cf. Danielsson Eranos 5, 52 and Sandsjoe Adj. auf <b class="b3">-αιος</b> 11 w. n. 1, Lat. LW [loanword] Lyaeus. - 4. (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> )<b class="b3">λυτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[liberator]], [[looser]], [[arbiter]] (A., E., hell. inscr.) with (<b class="b3">ἐκ-)λυτήριος</b> [[loosing]], [[liberating]] (Hp., trag.); <b class="b3">λυτήριον</b> = <b class="b3">λύτρον</b> (Pi., A. R.), but <b class="b3">καταλυτήριον</b> = <b class="b3">κατάλυμα</b> (Poll., s. above). Fem. <b class="b3">λύτειρα</b> (Orph.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 128), also <b class="b3">λυτηριάς</b> (Orph.). 5. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-λύτης</b> <b class="b2">looser, resp. loging guest, looser, conciliator</b> (Th., resp. Plb.); here and after <b class="b3">λύσις</b>, <b class="b3">λύω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b> etc.) <b class="b3">λυτικός</b> <b class="b2">good for loosing.</b> (Pl., Arist.). - 6. <b class="b3">λύτρον</b> [[ransom]] (usu. pl.), [[substitute]], [[retribution]] (Pi., IA.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 203 f., Chantraine Formation 332) with (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-)λυτρόω</b>, <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> <b class="b2">give free for ransom etc.</b> (Att.), from where (-)<b class="b3">λύτρωσις</b>, <b class="b3">λυτρώσι-μος</b>, <b class="b3">λυτρωτής</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπολυτρωτικός</b> (hell.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [681] <b class="b2">*leu(s)-</b> [[make loose]]<br />Etymology: The regular Greek formal system is the result of nivellation. Old was the athematic aorist <b class="b3">λύ-μην</b>, <b class="b3">λύ-το</b> (Schwyzer 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382), new prob. the themat. present <b class="b3">λύω</b> with original short (Hom.), then also long (Att.; sts. also Hom.) <b class="b3">υ</b>, prob. after <b class="b3">λῦσαι</b> etc. (cf. Schwyzer 686, Chantraine 1, 372; also Schulze Q. 387 f., Bonfante Emerita 1, 117). Further agrees with <b class="b3">λύω</b> Lat. [[luō]] [[mend]], [[pay]], to which [[solvō]] (from <b class="b2">*se-luō</b>) [[solve]]; the long vowel in <b class="b2">so-lū-tus</b> and in Skt. <b class="b2">lū-na-</b> [[cut off]] has an agreement in <b class="b3">βου-λυ-τός</b> (against <b class="b3">λύ-το</b>, <b class="b3">λύ-σις</b> etc.). The Skt. verb deviates both formally and semantically ('cut off, divide, destroy usw.') with the nasal presents <b class="b2">lu-nā́-ti</b>, <b class="b2">lu-no-ti</b>; the other finite forms are much later; on full grade verbal nouns (e.g. <b class="b2">laví-</b>, <b class="b2">lavítra-</b>) s. on <b class="b3">λαῖον</b> (not in <b class="b3">λοι-δορέω</b>). - From other languages there are isolated verbal nouns or verb forma, which are unimportant for Greek, like Goth. [[lun]] acc. sg. <b class="b3">λύτρον</b>, ransom'; with <b class="b2">n-</b>suffix Alb. [[laj]] <b class="b2">pay a debt</b> (from IE <b class="b2">*lǝu̯n-i̯ō</b>?). Besides with <b class="b2">s-</b>enlargement Germ. e.g. Goth. <b class="b2">fra-liusan</b> [[lose]] (IE <b class="b2">*leus-</b>) wiht [[fralusts]] [[loss]] (IE. <b class="b2">*lus-ti-</b>), <b class="b2">fra-lus-nan</b> [[be lost]]. - More forms WP. 2, 407 f., Pok. 681 f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. [[luō]].