γιγνώσκω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. (<span class="bibl">Epich.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.97</span>), Aeol., Ion., and after Arist. [[γινώσκω]], but [[γιγνώσκω]] in early Att. Inscrr., as <span class="title">IG</span>12.127.19 (κατα-), etc.: fut. <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> γνώσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.23.497</span>, etc., Dor. 3sg. γνωσεῖται Call.<span class="title">Lav. Pall.</span>123 ([[γνώσω]] is f.l. in Hp.<span class="title">Steril.</span>215); Cret. form [[ἀναγνώοντι]] dub. in <span class="title">GDI</span>5075 (for aor. 1, v. [[ἀναγιγνώσκω]]): pf. ἔγνωκα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.287</span>, etc.: aor. 2 ἔγνων <span class="bibl">Il.13.72</span>, etc., Ep. dual γνώτην <span class="bibl">Od.21.36</span>, Dor. 3pl. ἔγνον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.120</span>; imper. γνῶθι <span class="bibl">Epich.[264]</span>, etc.; subj. γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ <span class="bibl">Il.1.411</span>, etc., Ep. also γνώω, γνώομεν <span class="bibl">Od.16.304</span>, γνώωσι <span class="bibl">Il.23.610</span>; opt. γνοίην <span class="bibl">Il.18.125</span>, etc.; pl. γνοῖμεν Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.129a; inf. γνῶναι <span class="bibl">Od.13.312</span>, etc., Ep. γνώμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.21.266</span>; part. γνούς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>731</span>, etc.:—Med., aor. 1 [[γνώσασθαι]] <span class="bibl">Man.2.51</span>:—Pass., fut. γνωσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>918</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.124</span>, etc.: aor. ἐγνώσθην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 7</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>852</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.65</span>: pf. ἔγνωσμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1287</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>:— [[come to know]], [[perceive]], and in past tenses, [[know]], c. acc., <span class="bibl">Il.12.272</span>, etc.; as dist. fr. [[οἶδα]] [[know by reflection]], [[γιγνώσκω]], = [[know by observation]], γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>; ἐγὼ δ' οἶδ' ὅτι γιγνώσκετε τοῦτον ἅπαντες <span class="bibl">D.18.276</span>; [[χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ γνῶναι εἰ οἶδεν ἢ μή]] it is hard to [[perceive]] whether one knows or not, Arist.<span class="title">AP</span>0.76a26; [[discern]], [[distinguish]], [[recognize]], ὄφρ' εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα <span class="bibl">Il. 5.128</span>; [[ἀσπίδι γιγνώσκων]] by his shield, ib.<span class="bibl">182</span>; ironically, [[εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται]] = [[he will learn him to his cost]], <span class="bibl">18.270</span>; νῦν ἔγνων τὸν Ἔρωτα <span class="bibl">Theoc.3.15</span>: sts. c. gen., [[γνώτην ἀλλήλων]] = [[were aware of each other]], [[were aware of each other's existence]] <span class="bibl">Od.21.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.109</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> folld. by relat. clauses, [[γιγνώσκω δ' ὡς]]… = [[I perceive that]]... <span class="bibl">21.209</span>; ἔγνως ὡς θεός εἰμι <span class="bibl">Il.22.10</span>; [[ἔγνωκας ὡς οὐδὲν λέγεις]] = [[have you realized that you are speaking nonsense]], [[you understand that you are wrong]] <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1095</span>; [[γ. ὅτι]]… <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 108</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>104</span>,<span class="bibl">379</span>, etc.; [[ἵν' εἰδῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι]]… <span class="bibl">D.21.143</span>; γνώμεναι εἴ μιν… φοβέουσι <span class="bibl">Il.21.266</span>; γ. τί πέπονθε πάθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>60d</span>: c. acc. and relat. clause, Τυδείδην δ' οὐκ ἂν γνοίης, ποτέροισι μετείη <span class="bibl">Il.5.85</span>; γ. θεοὺς οἵτινές εἰσι <span class="bibl">Heraclit.5</span>; Σωκράτην γ. οἷος ἦν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.8.11</span>; [[τοὺς Πέρσας γ. ὅτι]]… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.11</span>; also ἀλλοτρίας γῆς γ. ὅτι δύναται φέρειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.3</span>: c. part., ἔγνων μιν… οἰωνὸν ἐόντα = [[perceive]]d that he was... <span class="bibl">Od.15.532</span>; γνόντες οὐδεμίαν σφίσι τιμωρίαν οὖσαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.25</span>; ἔγνωκα… ἠπατημένη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>807</span>; [[ἔγνων ἡττημένος]] = [[I felt that I was beaten]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>658</span>; χρυσῷ πάττων μ' οὐ γιγνώσκεις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>912</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.33</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 7.2.17</span>: c. gen., [[ὡς γνῶ χωομένοιο]] = [[when he was aware of]]... <span class="bibl">Il.4.357</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>27a</span>: c. inf., ἵνα γνῷ τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχεστέραν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>1089</span>: c. acc. et inf., [[recognize]] that... <span class="bibl">Th.1.43</span>, etc.; [[take a thing to mean that]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.78</span>: c. dupl. acc., [[perceive]] or [[know]] another to be... οἵους γνώσεσθε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.4</span>: abs., [[ὁ γιγνώσκων]] = [[the perceiver]], opp. [[τὰ γιγνωσκόμενα]] = [[the objects perceived]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>508e</span>; also [[ὁ γιγνώσκων]] = [[one who knows]], [[a prudent person]], ib.<span class="bibl">347d</span>:—Pass., [[εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ]]… = [[if it were known of them in what]]... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>342b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[form a judgement]], [[think]], ταὐτά <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.2</span>; τἀναντία τούτοις γ. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>2.3.38</span>; οὕτω γ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.19</span>; τὰ δίκαια γ. <span class="bibl">Lys.22.2</span>; [[ἃ γιγνώσκω λέγειν]] (= [[τὴν γνώμην λέγειν]]) = [[express one's views]], [[express one's opinion]], [[give one's opinion]] <span class="bibl">D.4.1</span>; περὶ τῆς βοηθείας ταῦτα γιγνώσκω <span class="bibl">Id.1.19</span>; τοῦτο γιγνώσκων, [[ὅτι]]… <span class="bibl">Men.572</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">648</span>; ὡς ἐμοῦ ἀγωνιουμένου οὕτω γίγνωσκε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.15</span>: abs., [[αὐτὸς γνώσῃ]] = [[see thou to that]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>505c</span>; esp. in dialogue, [[ἔγνων]] = [[I understand]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 36</span>; [[ἔγνως]] = [[you are right]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1221</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>883</span>; [[ἔγνωκας]]; = [[do you understand]]?, [[do you know]]?, [[you get it]]?, Lat. [[tenes]]? <span class="bibl">Nausicr.1.5</span>; [[judge]], [[determine]], [[decree]] that... c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.74</span>, <span class="bibl">6.85</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.17.16</span>: c. inf., [[determine]] to... <span class="bibl">And.1.107</span>:— Pass., to [[be pronounced]], of a [[sentence]] or [[judgement]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.36</span>; παρανόμως γνωσθεῖσα δίαιτα <span class="bibl">D.33.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">59.47</span>; κρίσις ἐγνωσμένη ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Pass., of persons, to [[be judged guilty]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7</span>; γνωσθέντα ζημιοῦσιν οἱ νόμοι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1431b30</span>; τεθνάτω ἐὰν γνωσθῇ, ἐὰν δὲ φυγὴ γνωσθῇ, φευγέτω <span class="title">IG</span>12.10.29. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> pf. Pass. with act. sense, ὡμολόγηκεν ὑμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἐγνωσμένους are [[determined]], <span class="bibl">D. 18.228</span> (sed leg. [[ἡμᾶς]]). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[know carnally]], <span class="bibl">Men.558.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Heraclid. <span class="title">Pol.</span>64</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>4.1</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>1.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Galb.</span>9</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[γιγνώσκειν χάριν]] = [[acknowledging gratitude]], [[feel grateful]], [[εἰδέναι χάριν]], <span class="bibl">D.C.39.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> causal, [[make known]], [[celebrate]], γνώσομαι τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.3</span> acc. to Sch. ad loc., v. dub.<br>Root [[γνω-]], Proto-Indo-European [[*ǵneh₃-]] = to know, [[*ǵi-ǵneh₃-ti]] (reduplicated present stem) cf. Skt. [[jānāmi]], [[jñātas]], Lat. [[gnosco]], [[gnotus]], etc.</span>