αὖος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, Att. αὖος, α, ον, also ος, ον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>860a28</span>, <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">VS</span>1.21.1</span>:—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[dry]], ξύλον [[a pole]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.327</span>; <b class="b3">αὖα παλαί, περίκηλα</b>, of timber, <span class="bibl">Od.5.240</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>761c</span>; <b class="b3">αὔην καὶ διερὴν ἀρόων</b> (sc. [[γῆν]]) <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>460</span>; <b class="b3">βόας αὔας</b> shields of ox-hide, <span class="bibl">Il.12.137</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.493</span>; so, of hippopotamus' hide, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.71</span>; τρύφος ἄρτου [[stale]], AP6.105 (Apollonid.); [[withered]], στέφανος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>534</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of sound, <b class="b3">αὖον ἀϋτεῖν</b> or [[αὔειν]] give [[a dry]], [[rasping]] sound, κόρυθες δ' ἀμφ' αὖον ἀΰτευν <span class="bibl">Il.12.160</span>; <b class="b3">αὖον ἄϋσεν [θώρηξ</b>] <span class="bibl">13.441</span>; <b class="b3">αὖον δέ μοι οἶκος ἀϋτεῖ</b> prob. in Epic. <span class="title">Oxy.</span> 1794.8. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">αὖον ἀπὸ χλωροῦ τάμνειν</b>, i. e. to cut the nail from the quick, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>743</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[drained dry]], [[exhausted]], <span class="bibl">Alex.158</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.8.48</span> (Comp.), prob. in <span class="bibl">Ant.Lib.24.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[thirsty]], δίψῃ αὔη <span class="title">IG</span>14.638 (Petelia), cf. <span class="title">GDI</span>4959a (Eleutherna), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Luct.</span>8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[trembling]], [[shivering]] (like a dry leaf), of the aged, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>385</span>; especially of fear, αὖός εἰμι τῷ δέει <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>480</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pk.</span>163</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>1.19.5</span>: abs., ib.<span class="bibl">6.4.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Hld.1.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> metaph., 'stony broke', [[without money]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Tox.</span> 16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">DMeretr.</span>14.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.70</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> of lit. style, [[dry]], ἰδέα λόγων <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.20.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">αὔη ψυχὴ σοφωτάτη</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">Heraclit.118</span>. (Cf. Lith. [[sauũsas]] 'dry', OE. [[séar]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[dry]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Att. [[αὗος]]<br />Derivatives: [[αὐονή]] (Archil.), cf. [[καλλονή]], [[ἡδονή]] (Schwyzer 490, Chantr. Form. 207). - [[αὐαλέος]] <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hes.) like [[ἀζαλέος]] a. o.; also <b class="b3">αὐσόν ξηρόν</b> H. with <b class="b2">s-</b>Suffix as in [[ῥυσός]], [[γαυσός]] etc. (Schwyzer 516, Chantr. Form. 454). On [[αὐσταλέος]], [[αὐστηρός]] s. below. - Denom. verb: [[αὐαίνω]], [[αὑαίνω]] (comp. with <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀφ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-αυαίνω</b>) [[dry]]; [[αὐασμός]] <b class="b2">ds.</b> (Hp.; Schwyzer 493, Chantr. 141f.; [[αὑαψή]] s.v.. - <b class="b3">αὕω ξηραίνω</b> (Hdn.; also [[ἀφαύει]] Ar. Eq. 394, which Solmsen Unt. 277 corrects in [[ἀφανεῖ]]) looks like a primary verb, but may be denom. (Schwyzer 723). Two adj. with related meaning: [[αὐσταλέος]] [[dried up]] (Od.; cf. [[αὑαλέος]] above and Bechtel Lex. s. v.) and [[αὐστηρός]] [[hard]] (Hp.) presuppose a verbal adj.(?) <b class="b3">*αὖστος</b>; but cf. the synonym <b class="b3">καύστ-ειρα</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [880] <b class="b2">h₂s-us-</b> [[dry]]<br />Etymology: [[αὖος]], [[αὗος]] is cognate with Lith. <b class="b2">saũsas</b>, OCS [[suxъ]], OE [[sēar]] , which suggest PIE <b class="b2">*saũsos</b> [[dry]]. (Skt. <b class="b2">śoṣa-</b> (assimilated from <b class="b2">*soṣa-</b>) m. [[the making dry]] is secondary. Uncertain Alb. [[ʮaj]] [[dry]], Demiraj, Alb. Etym.) Zero grade <b class="b2">*sus-</b> in Skt. <b class="b2">śúṣ-ka-</b> (< <b class="b2">*suṣ-ka-</b>) = Av. <b class="b2">huška-</b>, OP. <b class="b2">uška-</b> [[dry]] (perhaps also in Lat. [[sūdus]] [[dry]], [[bright]] < <b class="b2">*suz-d-</b>). From this form verbs like Skt. <b class="b2">śúṣ-yati</b>, Latv. [[sust]] [[become dry]]. - Lubotsky (KZ 98, 1985, 1 - 10) argues that the Greek form goes back on <b class="b2">*h₂sus-</b>, as is shown by [[ἀυσταλέος]], which has five syllables. He thinks it was a perfect ptc. of <b class="b2">*h₂es-</b> [[be dry]] (not [[burn]], [[glow]]), seen in [[ἄζω]] and Lat. [[areo]] (with redupl. <b class="b2">*h₂e-h₂s-</b>). Balto-Slavic and Germanic derive from <b class="b2">*h₂sous-</b> with sec. <b class="b2">o-</b>grade. This also solves the problem that PIE had no <b class="b2">*a</b>. -- S. also [[αὐχμός]].

|ftr='''αὖος''': att. [[αὗος]]<br />{aũos}<br />'''Meaning''': [[dürr]], [[trocken]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Mehrere Ableitungen. Adjektivabstraktum [[αὐότης]] f. [[Trockenheit]] (Arist.); als solches fungiert auch [[αὐονή]] (Archil., A. in lyr., Herod.), Bildung wie [[καλλονή]], [[ἡδονή]] usw. (Schwyzer 490, Chantraine Formation 207), aber näheres Vorbild unbekannt. — Erweiterte Adjektivformen: [[αὐαλέος]] [[dürr]], [[trocken]] (poet. seit Hes.) nach [[ἀζαλέος]], [[ἰσχαλέος]] u. a.; vgl. auch [[αὐαίνω]] (Schwyzer 484, Chantraine Formation 253); [[αὐηρός]] (''AP''), vgl. [[αὐστηρός]] unten; außerdem αυσόν· ξηρόν H. mit demselben ''s''-Suffix wie in ρυσός, [[γαυσός]] usw. (Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 454). — Denominatives Verb: [[αὐαίνω]], [[αὑαίνω]] (Komp. ἀπ-, ἀφ-, κατ-, [[καθαυαίνω]]) [[trocken machen]], [[dörren]]; davon [[αὔανσις]] [[das Austrocknen]] (Arist.; vgl. Holt Les noms d’action en -σις 136 A. 1), [[αὐασμός]] ib. (Hp., ''AB''), vgl. [[μαραίνω]] : [[μαρασμός]] und Schwyzer 493, Chantraine 141f.; außerdem [[αὐαντή]] (sc. [[νόσος]]) [[Dörrsucht]] (Hp.), vgl. Strömberg Wortstudien 100; s. auch αὐαψή. — Das bei Hdn. belegte [[αὕω]]· [[ξηραίνω]] (außerdem ἀφαύει Ar. ''Eq''. 394, das indessen Solmsen Unt. 277 in ἀφανεῖ, von ἀ̄[[νέω]] = [[αἵνω]], ändern will) sieht wie ein primäres Verb aus, ist aber wahrscheinlich sekundär nach einem uralten denominativen Bildungstypus (Schwyzer 723) neben [[αὗος]] entstanden. — Davon [[αὖσις]] (''EM'').<br />'''Etymology''' : Neben [[αὖος]] aus idg. *''saũsos'' (vgl. unten) stehen zwei bedeutungsverwandte Adjektive: [[αὐσταλέος]] [[struppig]], [[schmutzig]] (ep. seit Od.; vgl. [[αὐαλέος]] usw. oben und Bechtel Lex. s. v.) und [[αὐστηρός]] [[herb]], [[streng]] (Hp., Pl. usw.) mit [[αὐστηρία]], [[αὐστηρότης]], die von einem mit -τ- gebildeten Nomen (*αὖστος n.? Schwyzer 482 A. 14) auszugehen scheinen; zu beachten immerhin das synonyme [[καύστειρα]]. — [[αὖος]], [[αὗος]] geht über ''h''αῦος (Dissimilation) bzw. über *αὖ''h''ος (Dissimilation und Hauchversetzung, vgl. Schwyzer 220 oben) auf *''h''αῦ''h''ος zurück und ist mit lit. ''saũsas'', aksl. ''suchъ'', ags. ''sēar'', mnd. ''sōr'' [[trocken]] identisch: idg. *''saũsos'' [[trocken]]. Dagegen ist aind. ''śoṣa''- (aus *''soṣa''- assimiliert) m. [[das Austrocknen]], auch Adj. [[trocken machend]], obwohl damit formal identisch, sowohl wegen der abweichenden Bedeutung wie wegen des späten Auftretens als ein neugebildetes Verbalnomen zu ''śúṣyati'' (s. unten) zu betrachten. Hierher noch alb. ''ϑań'' [[trocknen]], denominativ aus *''sausniō'' (vgl. das davon unabhängige [[αὐαίνω]]). — Neben idg. ''saus''- steht, damit ablautend, ''sus''- in aind. ''śúṣ''-''ka''- (aus *''suṣ''-''ka''-, vgl. oben) = aw. ''huška''-, apers. ''uška''- [[trocken]], wahrscheinlich auch in lat. ''sūdus'' [[trocken]], [[sonnig]] aus *''suz''-''do''- (anders WP. 2, 520). Derselbe Ablaut auch in mehreren Verbalformen, z. B. aind. ''śúṣ''-''yati'', lett. ''sust'' [[trocken werden]]. Weiteres bei WP. 2, 447f., W.-Hofmann s. ''sūdus'' m. Lit. — S. auch [[αὐχμός]].<br />'''Page''' 1,188-189