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|Definition=<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.ά, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> σφᾰλῶ <span class="bibl">Th.7.67</span>: aor. 1 [[ἔσφηλα]], Ep. σφῆλα <span class="bibl">Od.17.464</span>, Dor. ἔσφᾱλα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.15</span>: but the intrans. ἔσφαλεν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jb.</span>21.10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Si.</span>13.22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Am.</span>5.2</span>, opt. [[σφάλαι]] ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jb.</span> 18.7</span>, are prob. forms of a Hellenistic aor. 1 [[Εσφᾰλα]] (presupposing [[Εσφᾰλον]] as [[ἦλθα]] presupposes [[ἦλθον]], etc.): pf. ἔσφαλκα <span class="bibl">Plb.8.9.2</span>:— Pass., fut. σφᾰλήσομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>719</span>,<span class="bibl">1113</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.14</span>, etc.; freq. in med. form [[σφᾰλοῦμαι]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>588</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>2.26</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐσφάλην</b> [ᾰ] Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 27.13 (prob.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.140</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.24</span>, etc.; [[ἐσφάλθην]] only in Gal.5.62: pf. ἔσφαλμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>896</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>436c</span>: plpf. ἔσφαλτο <span class="bibl">Th.7.47</span>:— [[make to fall]], [[overthrow]], properly [[by tripping up]], [[trip up in wrestling]], οὔτ' Ὀδυσεὺς δύνατο σφῆλαι οὔδει τε πελάσσαι <span class="bibl">Il.23.719</span>; οὐδ' ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος <span class="bibl">Od.17.464</span>; Ἕκτορα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.81</span>; ἀλλάλους σφάλλοντι παλαίμασι <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.112</span>; ([[πώλους]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1232</span>; γόνυ τινός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>128</span>; τινὰ γνύξ <span class="bibl">A.R.3.1310</span>; τινὰ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν <span class="bibl">D.S.14.23</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μὴ ὑπερπίνειν ἧττον ἂν καὶ σώματα καὶ γνώμας σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.3.10</span> (Pass.); <b class="b3">σ. ναῦς</b> [[throw]] them [[on]] their [[beam-ends]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Them.</span>14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Polyaen.3.11.13</span>; [<b class="b3">ἵπποι] ἔσφηλαν</b> (gnomic aor.) <b class="b3">τὸν ἀναβάτην</b> [[throw]] him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>3.9</span>:—Pass., to [[be tripped up]], Φρυνίχου παλαίσμασιν <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>689</span> (troch.); of a drunken man, <b class="b3">σφαλλόμενος προσέρχεται</b> [[reeling]], [[staggering]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1324</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 117</span>; σ. ὑπὸ οἴνου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>5.7</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>11.26 (Marc. Arg.); σ. ἵππος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>18</span>; <b class="b3">σ. [ἱππεύς</b>] [[is thrown]], <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.</span>7.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[cause to fall]], [[overthrow]], βία καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.15</span>; ἀνθρώπων κακῶν ὁμιλίαι σ. τινά <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>. | |Definition=<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.ά, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> σφᾰλῶ <span class="bibl">Th.7.67</span>: aor. 1 [[ἔσφηλα]], Ep. σφῆλα <span class="bibl">Od.17.464</span>, Dor. ἔσφᾱλα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.15</span>: but the intrans. ἔσφαλεν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jb.</span>21.10</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Si.</span>13.22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Am.</span>5.2</span>, opt. [[σφάλαι]] ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jb.</span> 18.7</span>, are prob. forms of a Hellenistic aor. 1 [[Εσφᾰλα]] (presupposing [[Εσφᾰλον]] as [[ἦλθα]] presupposes [[ἦλθον]], etc.): pf. ἔσφαλκα <span class="bibl">Plb.8.9.2</span>:— Pass., fut. σφᾰλήσομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>719</span>,<span class="bibl">1113</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.14</span>, etc.; freq. in med. form [[σφᾰλοῦμαι]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>588</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>2.26</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐσφάλην</b> [ᾰ] Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 27.13 (prob.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.140</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.24</span>, etc.; [[ἐσφάλθην]] only in Gal.5.62: pf. ἔσφαλμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>896</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>436c</span>: plpf. ἔσφαλτο <span class="bibl">Th.7.47</span>:— [[make to fall]], [[overthrow]], properly [[by tripping up]], [[trip up in wrestling]], οὔτ' Ὀδυσεὺς δύνατο σφῆλαι οὔδει τε πελάσσαι <span class="bibl">Il.23.719</span>; οὐδ' ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος <span class="bibl">Od.17.464</span>; Ἕκτορα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.81</span>; ἀλλάλους σφάλλοντι παλαίμασι <span class="bibl">Theoc.24.112</span>; ([[πώλους]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1232</span>; γόνυ τινός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>128</span>; τινὰ γνύξ <span class="bibl">A.R.3.1310</span>; τινὰ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν <span class="bibl">D.S.14.23</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μὴ ὑπερπίνειν ἧττον ἂν καὶ σώματα καὶ γνώμας σ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.3.10</span> (Pass.); <b class="b3">σ. ναῦς</b> [[throw]] them [[on]] their [[beam-ends]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Them.</span>14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Polyaen.3.11.13</span>; [<b class="b3">ἵπποι] ἔσφηλαν</b> (gnomic aor.) <b class="b3">τὸν ἀναβάτην</b> [[throw]] him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>3.9</span>:—Pass., to [[be tripped up]], Φρυνίχου παλαίσμασιν <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>689</span> (troch.); of a drunken man, <b class="b3">σφαλλόμενος προσέρχεται</b> [[reeling]], [[staggering]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1324</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 117</span>; σ. ὑπὸ οἴνου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>5.7</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>11.26 (Marc. Arg.); σ. ἵππος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>18</span>; <b class="b3">σ. [ἱππεύς</b>] [[is thrown]], <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.</span>7.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[cause to fall]], [[overthrow]], βία καὶ μεγάλαυχον ἔσφαλεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.15</span>; ἀνθρώπων κακῶν ὁμιλίαι σ. τινά <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.ά; σμικροὶ λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>416</span>; σφάλλω . . ὅσοι φρονοῦσιν εἰς ἡμᾶς μέγα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>6</span>; [ὀργὴ] πλεῖστα . . σ. βροτούς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>31</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ καταφρόνησις, ἡ ἀπειρία σ. τινά</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.122</span>, <span class="bibl">2.87</span>: abs., ἀτρεκεῖς ἐπιτηδεύσεις φασὶ σφάλλειν πλέον ἢ τέρπειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>262</span> (anap.): also of things, ἁμαρτίαι σ. τὴν σωτηρίαν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192</span>; δειναὶ τύχαι σ. δόμους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>198</span> (anap.); σ. τὰς πόλεις <span class="bibl">Th.3.37</span>, etc.; σ. δίκαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>780</span> (lyr.); [[σφάλλων]], name of a throw of the dice, <span class="bibl">Eub.57.5</span> ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]):—Pass., to [[be overthrown]], [[fall]], especially of persons falling from high fortunes, σφαλεὶς γὰρ οὐδεὶς εὖ βεβουλεῦσθαι δοκεῖ <span class="bibl">Chaerem. 26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>297</span>,<span class="bibl">719</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>262.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἢν σφαλῇ [ἡ Ἑλλάς</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.168</span>; <b class="b3">ἢν ἄρα τι σφαλλώμεθα</b>, opp. [[κατορθοῦν]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.140</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>736</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>351</span>; σφαλλομένους ἐπανορθῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.4.6</span>; ταῖς τύχαις σφάλλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.2.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">43</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ νόσων, ἐρώτων, μέθης ἐσφαλμένος</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>396d</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χρόνων τι σ</b>. [[suffer]] from length of time, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>769c</span>: c. dat. modi, σφάλλεσθαι ἀξιόχρεῳ δυνάμει <span class="bibl">Th.6.10</span>; τοῖς ἀγῶσι <span class="bibl">Id.7.61</span>; τοῖς ὅλοις <span class="bibl">Plb.1.43.8</span>: with a Prep., ἐν τῇ μάχῃ <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>7.2.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.50</span>; τι ἐν τοῖς λόγοις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>461d</span>; περί τι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span> 451a</span>; περί τινος Plu.2.164c: with neut. Adj., σφάλλεσθαι ἓν μέγα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>648e</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, κοὐκ ἐμοί, τόδ' ἐσφάλη</b> this [[mishap took place]] by means of... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1136</span>; <b class="b3">οὔ τι μὴ σφαλῶ γ' ἐν σοί</b> [[I shall]] not [[fail]] in thy business, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>621</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[baffle]], [[balk]], [[frustrate]], of an [[oracle]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.142</span>; θεὰ ἤδη μ' . . ἔσφηλεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>452</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>34</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>223</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ τὴν πόλιν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.125</span>:— Pass., [[err]], [[go wrong]], [[be mistaken]], κατὰ γνώμην <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.52</span>: abs., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span> 1481</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1541</span>, etc.; [[μῶν ἐσφάλμεθ']]; [[am I mistaken]]? <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>896</span>; ἡ ψυχὴ πολλὰ σφάλλεται <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.32</span>; γνώμῃ σφαλέντες <span class="bibl">Th.4.18</span>; <b class="b3">διανοίᾳ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>229c</span>; so <b class="b3">σ. τὴν γνώμην, τὸν λογισμόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Clearch.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Sull.</span>15</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν σφαλείη . . ἑλέσθαι</b> [[be led astray]] into choosing, Id.2.711b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> Pass. also, c. gen. rei, to [[be balked of]] or [[foiled in]] a thing, <b class="b3">ἦ καὶ πατήρ τι σφάλλεται βουλευμάτων</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>717</span>; [[γάμων]], [[δόξης]], [[τύχης]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1078</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>1010</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>758</span>; τῆς δόξης <span class="bibl">Th.4.85</span>; τοῦ αὐχήματος <span class="bibl">Id.7.66</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.110</span>; οὐκ ἔσφαλται τῆς ἀληθείας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>436c</span>; τῶν πραγμάτων ᾗ ἔχει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Mi.</span>372b</span>; [[ἀνδρός]] [[lose]] him, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1113</span>; τοῦ παντός <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Brut.</span>20</span>:—<b class="b3">σφάλλειν τινὰ ἀπ' ἐλπίδος</b> [[cast]] him [[down]] from his hope, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>29</span>.</span> | ||
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|lsmtext='''σφάλλω:''' (√<i>ΣΦΑΛ</i>), μέλ. <i>σφᾰλῶ</i>, αόρ. | |lsmtext='''σφάλλω:''' (√<i>ΣΦΑΛ</i>), μέλ. <i>σφᾰλῶ</i>, αόρ. αʹ <i>ἔσφηλα</i>, Επικ. <i>σφῆλα</i>· παρακ. <i>ἔσφαλκα</i> — Παθ., μέλ. βʹ <i>σφᾰλήσομαι</i>, Μέσ. τύπο <i>σφᾰλοῦμαι</i>, αόρ. βʹ ἐσφάλην [ᾰ]· παρακ. <i>ἔσφαλμαι</i>· γʹ ενικ. υπερσ. <i>ἔσφαλτο</i>· Λατ. fall-o (με [[απάλειψη]] του <i>σ</i>)·<br /><b class="num">I.</b> κάνω κάποιον να πέσει, [[ρίχνω]] [[κάτω]], [[καταρρίπτω]], [[ανατρέπω]] ([[συνήθως]] βάζοντας [[τρικλοποδιά]]), [[ανατρέπω]] τον αντίπαλό μου κατά την [[πάλη]], σε Όμηρ., Πίνδ., Ευρ. κ.λπ.· [[σφάλλω]] [[ναῦς]], [[ρίχνω]] το [[καράβι]] στα πλάγια, σε Πλούτ.· [[ἵππος]] σφάλλει τὸν ἀναβάτην, το [[άλογο]] ανατρέπει και ρίχνει [[κάτω]] τον αναβάτη του, σε Ξεν. — Παθ., ανατρέπομαι, σε Αριστοφ.· λέγεται για μεθυσμένο, <i>σφαλλόμενος</i>, αυτός που παραπαίει, που τρεκλίζει, στον ίδ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> γενικά, κάνω κάποιον να πέσει, [[ανατρέπω]], [[νικώ]], σε Ηρόδ., Σοφ., Θουκ. — Παθ., ανατρέπομαι, [[πέφτω]], [[εκλείπω]], αφανίζομαι, καταστρέφομαι, [[μένω]] [[αβοήθητος]], λέγεται γι' αυτούς που εκπίπτουν από την υψηλή τους [[θέση]] και χάνουν τον πλούτο που κατείχαν, σε Ηρόδ., Αττ.· <i>τόδ' ἐσφάλη</i>, συνέβη αυτό το [[σφάλμα]], σε Σοφ.· οὔ τι μὴ σφαλῶ γ' ἐν [[σοί]], δεν θα υποπέσω σε [[σφάλμα]] σε οτιδήποτε σε αφορά, στον ίδ.<br /><b class="num">III. 1.</b> [[καταστρατηγώ]], [[κατατροπώνω]], [[ανατρέπω]], [[ματαιώνω]], [[βλάπτω]], λυπώ, λέγεται για [[διάψευση]] χρησμού, σε Ηρόδ., Σοφ. — Παθ., κάνω [[λάθος]], [[πλανώμαι]], απατώμαι, σε Ηρόδ., Σοφ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> το Παθ. επίσης χρησιμοποιείται με γεν. πράγμ., απατώμαι ή [[αποτυγχάνω]] σε [[κάτι]]· ἦ καὶ [[πατήρ]] τι σφάλλεται βουλευμάτων, σε Αισχύλ.· <i>σφάλλεσθαι γάμου</i>, σε Ευρ.· <i>τῆς δόξης</i>, σε Θουκ. | ||
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|elnltext= | |elnltext=σφάλλω, Dor. 3 plur. σφάλλοντι Theocr. 24.112 aor. ἔσφηλα, ep. σφῆλα Od.17.464, Dor. ἔσφᾱλα Pind. P. 8.15; aor. pass. ἐσφάλην; perf. med.-pass. ἔσφαλμαι, plqperf. ἐσφάλμην; fut. σφαλῶ, med. σφαλοῦμαι, pass. σφαλήσομαι. act. ( causat. ) aan het wankelen brengen, uit zijn evenwicht brengen, ten val brengen, onderuithalen, m. n. bij het worstelen:; οὔτ ’ Ὀδυσεὺς δύνατο σφῆλαι οὔδει τε πέλασσαι noch kon Odysseus (zijn tegenstander) onderuithalen en tegen de grond werken Il. 23.719; ὁ δ ’ ἐστάθη ἠΰτε πέτρη ἔμπεδον, οὐδ ’ ἄρα μιν σφῆλεν βέλος Ἀντινόοιο maar hij stond stevig als een rots en het projectiel van Antinoüs bracht hem niet aan het wankelen Od. 17.464; κἄσφηλεν γόνυ γέροντος en (hij) deed de knie van de oude man wankelen (d.w.z. haalde hem onderuit) Eur. Hcld. 128; marit.. σ. ναῦς schepen laten kapseizen Thuc. 7.67.2. overdr. ten val brengen, omverwerpen, onderuit doen gaan:. τὰ πολλὰ σφάλλουσι τὰς πόλεις ze brengen vaak hun steden ten val Thuc. 3.37.4; πολλά … σμικροὶ λόγοι ἔσφηλαν ἤδη καὶ κατώρθωσαν βροτούς kleine woorden hebben al vaak geleid tot de val of het succes van stervelingen Soph. El. 416. op het verkeerde been zetten, misleiden:. Μοίρας δολίῳ σφήλαντι τέχνῃ door de Moiren te misleiden met een listige kunstgreep Eur. Alc. 34; ἡ … θεὰ ἤδη μ ’ ἐπ ’ αὐτοῖς χεῖρ ’ ἐπευθύνοντ ’ ἐμὴν ἔσφηλεν de godin bracht me, terwijl ik al mijn hand op hen richtte, uit mijn koers Soph. Ai. 451. frustreren (in het verwezenlijken van een hoop of verwachting), teleurstellen, onderuithalen:. ἀπ ’ ἔλπιδος σ. (iem.) in zijn hoop teleurstellen [Luc.] 58.29. pass. intrans. wankelen, vallen, onderuitgaan:. σφαλλόμενος προσέρχεται komt wankelend aangelopen Aristoph. Ve. 1324. ten val komen, onderuitgaan, tegenslag ondervinden, falen:; ἢν σφαλῶμεν als we falen Thuc. 1.143.5; ταρβεῖν τὸν εὖ πράσσοντα, μὴ σφαλῇ ποτε vrezen voor iemand met wie het goed gaat, dat hij eens onderuitgaat Soph. Tr. 297; ταῖς τύχαις σ. tegenslag ondervinden door het lot Thuc. 2.87.3; ὁπότε καὶ πείρᾳ του σφαλεῖεν ook al faalden ze af en toe bij een poging iets te ondernemen Thuc. 2.43.1; met acc. v. h. inw. obj.. κἄν τι σφαλῆτε en als jullie een keer tegenslag ondervinden Aristoph. Ran. 736; ἐλάχιστα μὲν ἐσφαλμένοι εἰσί, πλεῖστα δὲ κατωρθωκότες (zij) hebben zeer weinig mislukkingen gekend en zeer veel successen geboekt Xen. Hell. 7.1.9; ἐν τοῖς δικασταῖς, οὐκ ἐμοί, τόδ ’ ἐσφάλη door de jury, niet door mij, leed hij dat verlies Soph. Ai. 1136. misleid worden, zich vergissen:; μῶν ἐσφάλμεθα ἤ … vergis ik me of … Eur. Andr. 896; met gen. in of met betrekking tot iets:. ὅτι οὐκ ἔσφαλται τῆς ἀληθείας ὁ τιθέμενος dat de naamgever niet misleid is met betrekking tot de waarheid Plat. Crat. 436c. gefrustreerd raken in, teleurgesteld raken in, onderuit gaan m.b.t., met gen.:; σφαλέντες τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐκεῖ πολέμου δόξης omdat wij teleurgesteld werden in onze verwachting met betrekking tot de oorlog daar Thuc. 4.85.2; uitbr.. τοῦδέ γ ’ εἰ σφαλεῖσ ’ ἔσῃ als u van deze man beroofd zult zijn Soph. Tr. 1113. | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=-ομαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to bring down, to ruin, to mislead</b>, midd. <b class="b2">to go down, to be ruined, to be mistaken</b> (IA).<br />Other forms: Aor. [[σφῆλαι]] (Il.), Dor. [[σφᾶλαι]] (Pi.), pass. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ῆναι</b> (<b class="b3">-θῆναι</b> Gal.), intr. <b class="b3">-αι</b> (LXX; Schwyzer 756), fut. ?<b class="b3">-ῶ</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσφαλ-μαι</b> (IA.), act. <b class="b3">-κα</b> (Plb.).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ερός</b> [[slippery]], [[treacherous]], [[staggering]] (IA.). 2. <b class="b3">-μα</b> n. [[fall]], [[accident]], [[misstep]], [[mistake]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-μός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq.) with <b class="b3">-μῆσαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) [[to stumble]] (Plb.), <b class="b3">σφαλ-μᾳ̃ σκιρτᾳ̃</b>, [[σφάλλεται]] H. 3. <b class="b3">-σις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμφί-</b>) f. [[fall]], [[accident]] (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. <b class="b3">-της</b> m. des. of Dionysos "he who brings down" (Lyc.). 5. <b class="b3">ἀ-σφαλ-ής</b>, [[ές]], -(<b class="b3">έ)ως</b> <b class="b2">not falling, not staggering, firm, safe, reliable</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (Att.), <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (hell. a. late), prob. directly from the verb (cf. Schwyzer 513; [[σφάλος]] n. only Trag. Oxy. 676, 16 [uncertain]); thus <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρι-σφαλής</b> a.o. -- On [[ἄσφαλτος]] s. v. (folketym. adapted?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 929] <b class="b2">*(s)gʷʰh₂el-</b><br />Etymology: As with [[πάλλω]], [[σκάλλω]] the above system of forms can be understood as a pure Greek creation. -- A certain etymology is missing. Instead of the earlier, semant. very attractive connection with Skt. <b class="b2"> | |etymtx=-ομαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to bring down, to ruin, to mislead</b>, midd. <b class="b2">to go down, to be ruined, to be mistaken</b> (IA).<br />Other forms: Aor. [[σφῆλαι]] (Il.), Dor. [[σφᾶλαι]] (Pi.), pass. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ῆναι</b> (<b class="b3">-θῆναι</b> Gal.), intr. <b class="b3">-αι</b> (LXX; Schwyzer 756), fut. ?<b class="b3">-ῶ</b>, pass. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσφαλ-μαι</b> (IA.), act. <b class="b3">-κα</b> (Plb.).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σφαλ-ερός</b> [[slippery]], [[treacherous]], [[staggering]] (IA.). 2. <b class="b3">-μα</b> n. [[fall]], [[accident]], [[misstep]], [[mistake]] (IA.), <b class="b3">-μός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq.) with <b class="b3">-μῆσαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) [[to stumble]] (Plb.), <b class="b3">σφαλ-μᾳ̃ σκιρτᾳ̃</b>, [[σφάλλεται]] H. 3. <b class="b3">-σις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">περί-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμφί-</b>) f. [[fall]], [[accident]] (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. <b class="b3">-της</b> m. des. of Dionysos "he who brings down" (Lyc.). 5. <b class="b3">ἀ-σφαλ-ής</b>, [[ές]], -(<b class="b3">έ)ως</b> <b class="b2">not falling, not staggering, firm, safe, reliable</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (Att.), <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (hell. a. late), prob. directly from the verb (cf. Schwyzer 513; [[σφάλος]] n. only Trag. Oxy. 676, 16 [uncertain]); thus <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρι-σφαλής</b> a.o. -- On [[ἄσφαλτος]] s. v. (folketym. adapted?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 929] <b class="b2">*(s)gʷʰh₂el-</b><br />Etymology: As with [[πάλλω]], [[σκάλλω]] the above system of forms can be understood as a pure Greek creation. -- A certain etymology is missing. Instead of the earlier, semant. very attractive connection with Skt. <b class="b2">skhálate</b>, <b class="b2">-ti</b> [[sumble]], [[stagger]], [[err]], Arm. [[sxalem]], <b class="b2">-im</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Fick 1. 143. 567, Hübschmann Armen. Gr. 1, 490 f.), which requires IE <b class="b2">skʷhel-</b> and is therefore coubtful, P. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 149ff. tries to connect [[σφάλλω]] with IE <b class="b2">*sp(h)el-</b> [[split]] in [[σπολάς]], [[ἀσπάλαξ]] a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.) assuming an orig. meaning *'throw with sticks, put a stop between the legs v. t.' (details in WP. 2, 678 and Pok. 985); phonetically better, but semant. quite hypothetic. Diff., but also doubtful, Thieme KZ 69, 175. Suppositions on anlaut. <b class="b3">σφ-</b> in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 194 w. lit. Older lit. in Bq; further W.-Hofmann s. [[fallō]]. -- Cf. [[σφαλός]], [[σφέλας]]. Rix, Hist. Gramm. d. Griech. 31 assumes <b class="b2">*sgʷʰh₂el-</b> with Siebs, which seems possible. | ||
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|ftr='''σφάλλω''': -ομαι (ion. att.),<br />{sphállō}<br />'''Forms''': Aor. [[σφῆλαι]] (seit Il.), dor. σφᾶλαι (Pi.), Pass. σφαλῆναι (-θῆναι Gal.), intr. -αι (LXX; Schwyzer 756), Fut. ?-ῶ, Pass. -ήσομαι, Perf. Med. ἔσφαλμαι (ion. att.), Akt. -κα (Plb.),<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[zu Fall bringen]], [[zugrunde richten]], [[täuschen]], Med. [[zu Fall kommen]], [[zugrunde gehen]], [[sich irren]].<br />'''Composita''' : auch m. Präfix, z.B. ἀπο-, παρα-,<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[σφαλερός]] [[schlüpfrig]], [[trügerisch]], [[wankend]] (ion. att.). 2. -μα n. [[Fall]], [[Unfall]], [[Fehltritt]], [[Irrtum]] (ion. att.), -μός m. ib. (Aq.) mit -μῆσαι (ἀπο-) [[straucheln]] (Plb.), | |ftr='''σφάλλω''': -ομαι (ion. att.),<br />{sphállō}<br />'''Forms''': Aor. [[σφῆλαι]] (seit Il.), dor. σφᾶλαι (Pi.), Pass. σφαλῆναι (-θῆναι Gal.), intr. -αι (LXX; Schwyzer 756), Fut. ?-ῶ, Pass. -ήσομαι, Perf. Med. ἔσφαλμαι (ion. att.), Akt. -κα (Plb.),<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[zu Fall bringen]], [[zugrunde richten]], [[täuschen]], Med. [[zu Fall kommen]], [[zugrunde gehen]], [[sich irren]].<br />'''Composita''' : auch m. Präfix, z.B. ἀπο-, παρα-,<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[σφαλερός]] [[schlüpfrig]], [[trügerisch]], [[wankend]] (ion. att.). 2. -μα n. [[Fall]], [[Unfall]], [[Fehltritt]], [[Irrtum]] (ion. att.), -μός m. ib. (Aq.) mit -μῆσαι (ἀπο-) [[straucheln]] (Plb.), σφαλμᾷ· σκιρτᾷ, σφάλλεται H. 3. -σις ([[ἀνά]]-, [[περί]]-, [[ἀμφί]]-) f. [[Fall]], [[Unfall]] (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. -της m. Ben. des Dionysos "der zum Fallen bringt" (Lyk.). 5. [[ἀσφαλής]], ές, -(έ)ως [[nicht fallend]], [[nicht wankend]], [[fest]], [[sicher]], [[zuverlässig]] (seit Il.) mit -εια f. (att.), -ίζομαι, -ίζω (hell. u. sp.), wohl direkt vom Verb (vgl. Schwyzer 513; [[σφάλος]] n. nur Trag. ''Oxy''. 676, 16 [unsicher]); ebenso ἐπι-, περι-, [[ἀρισφαλής]] u.a. — Zu [[ἄσφαλτος]] s. bes. (volksetymologisch angeglichen?).<br />'''Etymology''' : Wie bei [[πάλλω]], [[σκάλλω]] läßt sich der obige Formenbestand als eine rein griechische Schöpfung verstehen. — Eine sichere Etymologie fehlt. Anstatt der früheren, semantisch sehr ansprechenden Anknüpfung an aind. ''skhálate'', -''ti'' [[straucheln]], [[schwanken]], [[irren]], arm. ''sxalem'', -''im'' ib. (Fick 1. 143. 567, Hübschmann Armen. Gr. 1, 490 f.), die idg. ''sqʷhel''- erfordert und aus diesem Grunde Bedenken erregt, sucht P. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 149ff. [[σφάλλω]] mit idg. ''sp''(''h'')''el''- [[spalten]] in [[σπολάς]], [[ἀσπάλαξ]] u.a. (s. dd. m. Lit.) zu verbinden unter Annahme einer urspr. Bed. *’(mit Prügeln) werfen, jemandem einen Stock zwischen die Beine stecken o. ä.’ (Einzelheiten bei WP. 2, 678 und Pok. 985); lautlich gewiß besser, aber semantisch ganz hypothetisch. Anders, ebenfalls bedenklich, Thieme KZ 69, 175. Vermutungen über anlaut. σφ- bei Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 194 m. Lit. Ält. Lit. bei Bq; dazu noch W.-Hofmann s. ''fallō''. — Vgl. [[σφαλός]], [[σφέλας]].<br />'''Page''' 2,827 | ||
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{{WoodhouseVerbsReversedFirstPerson | {{WoodhouseVerbsReversedFirstPerson | ||
|woodvrf=[[baffle]], [[baulk]], [[disappoint]], [[frustrate]], [[mock]], [[bring to naught]], [[bring to nought]], [[cause to fail]], [[cause to stumble]] | |woodvrf=[[baffle]], [[baulk]], [[disappoint]], [[frustrate]], [[mock]], [[bring to naught]], [[bring to nought]], [[cause to fail]], [[cause to stumble]] | ||
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