σατράπης: Difference between revisions

|Full diacritics=σᾰτρᾰπης

|Definition=or σατράππης <span class="title">CRAcad.Inscr.</span>1931.241 (Susa, i A.D.), ου, ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[satrap]], title of a Persian [[viceroy]] or [[governor of a province]], <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.4.2</span>, <span class="bibl">8.6.3</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>182.3 (iv B.C.), <span class="bibl">Men.897</span>, etc. (in form σαδράπας, <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).645.18 (Nesus, iv B.C.); dat. pl. σαδράπησιν [-] <b class="b3">Ἐφ. Ἀρχ</b>. 1907.27 (Aranda)); of the five lords of the Philistines, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jd.</span>16.5</span>, al.; of a Roman Governor, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.22.3</span>. (In <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Hist.103J.</span> also ἐξατράπης, and in Carian Inscrr. [[ἐξαιθραπεύω]], [[ἐξαιτραπεύω]] ([[quod vide|qq.v.]]); in <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>10</span> J. ξατράπης (cf. ζατράπης (leg. <b class="b3">ξα-</b>) <b class="b3">· ὁ βασιλεύς</b>, Hsch.), which is nearer to the OPers. χ[[ša]]θ<b class="b2">rapāvan-</b> lit. 'kingdom-protector'.) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> cant word for <b class="b2">a rich man, 'nabob</b>', <span class="bibl">Alex.116.8</span> (pl.); σ. ἐκ πένητος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nigr.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> as culttitle of a god, <span class="title">IGRom.</span>3.1059 (Maad, i B.C.), <span class="bibl">Paus.6.25.6</span>.</span>

|elnltext=σατράπης -ου, ὁ satraap (stadhouder in het Perzische rijk); overdr. rijke parvenu. Luc. 8.20.

|etymtx=-ου<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: "satrap", governor of the Persian king (since X.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">σατραπ-ικός</b> [[belonging to the satrap]] (Arist. etc.), f. <b class="b3">-ίς</b> (Philostr.), <b class="b3">-εύω</b> <b class="b2">to be a satrap, to rule as a satrap</b> (X. etc.) with <b class="b3">-εία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ηΐη</b> f. <b class="b2">the office, the province of a satrap, satrapy</b> (since Hdt.); <b class="b3">-εῖα</b> n. pl. [[the palace of a satrap]] (Hld.).<br />Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Iran.<br />Etymology: From OIran. <b class="b2">*xšaʮra-pā-</b> [[protecting the empire]] (OP <b class="b2">xšaça-pāvan-</b>), from <b class="b2">xšaʮra-</b> (s. on [[κτάομαι]]) and [[pāiti]] (s. on [[ποιμήν]]). The not rare, often attested forms in inscriptions <b class="b3">ξατρ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξα(ι)τρ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξαιθρ-</b> (also <b class="b3">σαδρ-</b>) represent partly the OP <b class="b2">xš-</b> and the internal dental more exactly (s. Eilers-Mayrhofer Sprache 6, 120 n. 59 [p. 121], Brandenstein Sprachgesch. und Wortbed. 60), but are also folketymolog. conditioned: <b class="b3">ἐξατρ-</b> after <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>; cf. Schwyzer 206 a. 329. The <b class="b3">αι-</b>diphthong is by Kretschmer Sprache 2, 70 with Lehmann-Haupt P. -W. s. Satrap col. 84 hardly convincingly derived from an unattested OIran. mixed form. -- Cf. also Skt. <b class="b2">kṣatrapa-</b> a. o., s. Schmitt ZDMG 117, 131.