γιγνώσκω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. (Epich.9, Pi.O.6.97), Aeol., Ion., and after Arist. [[γινώσκω]], but [[γιγνώσκω]] in early Att. Inscrr., as IG12.127.19 (κατα-), etc.: fut.<br><span class="bld">A</span> γνώσομαι Il.23.497, etc., Dor. 3sg. γνωσεῖται Call.Lav. Pall.123 ([[γνώσω]] is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in Hp.Steril.215); Cret. form [[ἀναγνώοντι]] dub. in GDI5075 (for aor. 1, v. [[ἀναγιγνώσκω]]): pf. ἔγνωκα Pi.P.4.287, etc.: aor. 2 ἔγνων Il.13.72, etc., Ep. dual γνώτην Od.21.36, Dor. 3pl. ἔγνον Pi.P.4.120; imper. γνῶθι Epich.[264], etc.; subj. γνῶ, γνῷς, γνῷ Il.1.411, etc., Ep. also γνώω, γνώομεν Od.16.304, γνώωσι Il.23.610; opt. γνοίην Il.18.125, etc.; pl. γνοῖμεν Pl.Alc.1.129a; inf. γνῶναι Od.13.312, etc., Ep. γνώμεναι Il.21.266; part. γνούς S.El.731, etc.:—Med., aor. 1 [[γνώσασθαι]] Man.2.51:—Pass., fut. γνωσθήσομαι Ar.Nu.918, Th.1.124, etc.: aor. ἐγνώσθην A.Supp. 7 (lyr.), E.El.852, Th.2.65: pf. ἔγνωσμαι E.HF1287, Th.3.38:— [[come to know]], [[perceive]], and in past tenses, [[know]], c. acc., Il.12.272, etc.; as distinct from [[οἶδα]] [[know by reflection]], [[γιγνώσκω]], = [[know by observation]], γνόντες δὲ εἰδότας περιορᾶν Th.1.69; ἐγὼ δ' οἶδ' ὅτι γιγνώσκετε τοῦτον ἅπαντες D.18.276; [[χαλεπόν ἐστι τὸ γνῶναι εἰ οἶδεν ἢ μή]] = it is [[hard]] to [[perceive]] [[whether]] one [[know]]s or not, Arist.AP0.76a26; [[discern]], [[distinguish]], [[recognize]], ὄφρ' εὖ γιγνώσκῃς ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα Il. 5.128; [[ἀσπίδι γιγνώσκων]] by his shield, ib.182; ironically, [[εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν γνώσεται]] = [[he will learn him to his cost]], 18.270; νῦν ἔγνων τὸν Ἔρωτα Theoc.3.15: sometimes c. gen., [[γνώτην ἀλλήλων]] = [[were aware of each other]], [[were aware of each other's existence]] Od.21.36, cf. 23.109.<br><span class="bld">2</span> folld. by relat. clauses, [[γιγνώσκω δ' ὡς]]… = [[I perceive that]]... 21.209; ἔγνως ὡς θεός εἰμι Il.22.10; [[ἔγνωκας ὡς οὐδὲν λέγεις]] = [[have you realized that you are speaking nonsense]], [[you understand that you are wrong]] Ar.Nu.1095; γιγνώσκω [[ὅτι]]… Heraclit. 108, A.Pr.104,379, etc.; ἵν' εἰδῆτε ὑμεῖς καὶ γνῶτε ὅτι… D.21.143; γνώμεναι εἴ μιν… φοβέουσι Il.21.266; γ. τί πέπονθε [[πάθος]] Pl.Phlb.60d: c. acc. and relat. clause, Τυδείδην δ' οὐκ ἂν γνοίης, ποτέροισι μετείη Il.5.85; γ. θεοὺς οἵτινές εἰσι Heraclit.5; Σωκράτην γ. οἷος ἦν X.Mem.4.8.11; τοὺς Πέρσας γ. ὅτι… Id.Cyr.2.1.11; also ἀλλοτρίας γῆς γ. ὅτι δύναται φέρειν Id.Oec.16.3: c. part., ἔγνων μιν… οἰωνὸν ἐόντα = [[perceive]]d that he was... Od.15.532; γνόντες οὐδεμίαν σφίσι τιμωρίαν οὖσαν Th.1.25; ἔγνωκα… ἠπατημένη S.Aj.807; [[ἔγνων]] [[ἡττημένος]] = [[I felt that I was beaten]], Ar.Eq.658; χρυσῷ πάττων μ' οὐ γιγνώσκεις Id.Nu.912, cf. Antipho 5.33, X.Cyr. 7.2.17: c. gen., [[ὡς γνῶ χωομένοιο]] = [[when he was aware of]]... Il.4.357, cf. Pl.Ap.27a: c. inf., ἵνα γνῷ τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχεστέραν S. Ant.1089: c. acc. et inf., [[recognize]] that... Th.1.43, etc.; [[take a thing to mean that]]... Hdt.1.78: c. dupl. acc., [[perceive]] or [[know]] another to be... οἵους γνώσεσθε τοὺς ἀνθρώπους X.An.1.7.4: abs., [[ὁ γιγνώσκων]] = [[the perceiver]], opp. [[τὰ γιγνωσκόμενα]] = [[the objects perceived]], Pl.R.508e; also [[ὁ γιγνώσκων]] = [[one who knows]], [[a prudent person]], ib.347d:—Pass., [[εἰ γνωσθεῖεν ᾧ]]… = [[if it were known of them in what]]... Id.Prt.342b.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[form a judgement]], [[think]], ταὐτά Hdt.9.2; τἀναντία τούτοις γ. X. HG2.3.38; οὕτω γ. Id.An.6.1.19; τὰ δίκαια γ. Lys.22.2; [[ἃ γιγνώσκω λέγειν]] (= [[τὴν γνώμην λέγειν]]) = [[express one's views]], [[express one's opinion]], [[give one's opinion]] D.4.1; περὶ τῆς βοηθείας ταῦτα γιγνώσκω Id.1.19; τοῦτο γιγνώσκων, [[ὅτι]]… Men.572, cf. 648; ὡς ἐμοῦ ἀγωνιουμένου οὕτω γίγνωσκε X.Cyr.2.3.15: abs., [[αὐτὸς γνώσῃ]] = [[see thou to that]], Pl.Grg.505c; especially in dialogue, [[ἔγνων]] = [[I understand]], S.Aj. 36; [[ἔγνως]] = [[you are right]], Id.Tr.1221, E.Andr.883; [[ἔγνωκας]]; = [[do you understand]]?, [[do you know]]?, [[you get it]]?, Lat. [[tenes]]? Nausicr.1.5; [[judge]], [[determine]], [[decree]] that... c. acc. et inf., Hdt.1.74, 6.85, Isoc.17.16: c. inf., [[determine]] to... And.1.107:— Pass., to [[be pronounced]], of a [[sentence]] or [[judgement]], Th.3.36; παρανόμως γνωσθεῖσα δίαιτα D.33.33, cf. 59.47; κρίσις ἐγνωσμένη ὑπό τινος Isoc.6.30.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Pass., of persons, to [[be judged guilty]], A.Supp.7; γνωσθέντα ζημιοῦσιν οἱ νόμοι Arist.Rh.Al.1431b30; τεθνάτω ἐὰν γνωσθῇ, ἐὰν δὲ φυγὴ γνωσθῇ, φευγέτω IG12.10.29.<br><span class="bld">3</span> pf. Pass. with act. sense, ὡμολόγηκεν ὑμᾶς ὑπάρχειν ἐγνωσμένους are [[determined]], D. 18.228 (sed leg. [[ἡμᾶς]]).<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[know carnally]], Men.558.5, Heraclid. Pol.64, [[LXX]] Ge.4.1, al., Ev.Matt.1.25, Plu.Galb.9, etc.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[γιγνώσκειν χάριν]] = [[acknowledging gratitude]], [[feel grateful]], [[εἰδέναι χάριν]], D.C.39.9.<br><span class="bld">B</span> causal, [[make known]], [[celebrate]], γνώσομαι τὰν ὀλβίαν Κόρινθον Pi.O.13.3 acc. to Sch. ad loc., v. dub.Root γνω-, Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- = to know, *ǵi-ǵneh₃-ti (reduplicated present stem) cf. Skt. jānāmi, jñātas, Lat. [[gnosco]], [[gnotus]], etc.