ὡς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Summary: <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> as ADVERB of Manner. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Aa</span> [[ὧς]] and [[ὥς]] (with accent), [[so]], [[thus]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ab</span> [[ὡς]] (without accent) of the Relat. Pron. [[ὅς]], [[as]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ac</span> [[ὡς]] Relat. and Interrog., [[how]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ad</span> [[ὡς]] temporal, [[when]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ae</span> [[ὡς]] Local, [[where]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> [[ὡς]], as CONJUNCTION. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C, D</span> various usages. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ADVERB of Manner: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Aa</span> ὥς, Demonstr., = [[οὕτως]], [[so]], [[thus]], freq. in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.1.33</span>, al.; ὢς εἶπ' <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20</span>a.''ΙΙ'' (Epic style); in Ion. Prose, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.13</span>, al.; rare in Att., and almost confined to certain phrases, v. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>, <span class="bibl">3</span>; [[ὥς]] simply = [[οὕτως]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>930</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>338a</span>; ἀλλ' ὣς γενέσθω <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>888</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">καὶ ὧς</b> even [[so]], [[nevertheless]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.116</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ὧς</b> not even [[so]], <span class="bibl">7.263</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.6</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.76</span>; οὐδέ κεν ὧς <span class="bibl">Il.9.386</span>: the phrases <b class="b3">καὶ ὧς, οὐδ' ὧς, μηδ' ὧς</b>, are used in Trag. and Att., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1042</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.74</span>, <span class="bibl">7.74</span>; also later, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>19.10</span> (iii B. C., unaccented), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>146.40</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="title">GDI</span> 1832.11 (Delph., ii B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>22.850.17 (iii B. C.); κἂν ὧς, εἴπερ μέλει σοι, ἀπόστειλόν μοί τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>120.11</span> (iv A. D.); δουλεύων καθὼς καὶ ὧς <span class="title">GDI</span>2160 (Delph., ii B. C.); Thess. καὶ οὗς <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).234.1 (iii B. C.); for this phrase the accentuation [[ὧς]] is prescribed by Hdn.Gr.2.932, al., cf. <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>307.16</span>, and is found in good Mss. of Homer; for the remaining uses under this head (Aa. ''1'', <span class="bibl">3</span>, <span class="bibl">4</span>) the accentuation [[ὥς]] is prescribed by the same grammarians. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in Comparisons, <b class="b3">ὥς... ὡς</b>... <b class="b2">so . . as</b>... etc.; and reversely <b class="b3">ὡς... ὣς</b>... <b class="b2">as . . so</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.512</span>, <span class="bibl">14.265</span>, etc.; in Att., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>530d</span>; also <b class="b3">ὥς τε . . ὣς</b>... <b class="b2">as . . thus</b>... <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>174</span>-<span class="bibl">6</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1066</span>-<span class="bibl">8</span>; οἷα . . ὥς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>151</span>-<span class="bibl">5</span>; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ... ὣς δὲ</b> . . (in apodosi) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>326d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[thus]], [[for instance]], <span class="bibl">Od.5.129</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ven.</span> 218</span>; [[ὥς]] shd. be accented in <span class="bibl">Od.5.121</span>, <span class="bibl">125</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ab</span> ὡς, Relat., [[as]], Hom., etc.; prop. relat. to a demonstr. Adv., which is freq. omitted, <b class="b3">κινήθη δ' ἀγορὴ ὡς κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης</b>, i. e. [[οὕτως]], [[ὡς]]... <span class="bibl">Il.2.144</span> (φὴ Zenod.): it is relat. not only to the regular demonstr. Advs. <b class="b3">ὥς (ὧς), τώς, ὧδε, οὕτως, αὕτως</b>, but also to [[ταύτῃ]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>365d</span>, etc. We find a collat. Dor. form [[ὥ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]); cf. [[ὥτε]]. Usage: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> in similes, freq. in Hom., <span class="bibl">Il.5.161</span>, al.; longer similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ' ὅτε, ἤριπε δ', ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] <span class="bibl">4.462</span>: ἤριπε δ', ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπε <span class="bibl">13.389</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.394</span>; so later, <span class="bibl">Emp.84.1</span>, etc.; ὡς ὅτε θαητὸν μέγαρον, πάξομεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.2</span>: <b class="b3">ὡς ὅτε</b> is rare in short similes, <span class="bibl">Od.11.368</span>: [[ὡς]] is followed by indic. pres., <span class="bibl">Il.9.4</span>, <span class="bibl">16.364</span>: also by aor., <span class="bibl">3.33</span> sq., <span class="bibl">4.275</span>, <span class="bibl">16.823</span>, al.; also by subj. pres. or aor., <span class="bibl">5.161</span>, <span class="bibl">10.183</span>,<span class="bibl">485</span>, <span class="bibl">13.334</span> (sts. <b class="b3">ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἄν</b>, <span class="bibl">11.269</span>, <span class="bibl">17.520</span>); cf. [[ὥστε]] A:—the Verb is sometimes omitted with [[ὡς]], but may be supplied from the context, <b class="b3">ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσ', ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ</b> (sc. [[πίπτει]]) <span class="bibl">Od.15.479</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.20</span>; θεὸς δ' ὣς τίετο δήμῳ <span class="bibl">Il.5.78</span>; οἱ δὲ φέβοντο... βόες ὣς ἀγελαῖαι <span class="bibl">Od.22.299</span>: where [[ὡς]] follows the noun to which it refers, it takes the accent; so in Com., Ἀριστόδημος ὥς <span class="bibl">Cratin.151</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eub.75.6</span>; v. infr. H. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[like as]], [[just as]], ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκν' ἔφαγε... ὣς ἡμεῖς κτλ. <span class="bibl">Il.2.326</span>, v. supr. Aa. <span class="bibl">3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> sometimes in the sense [[as much as]] or [[according as]], <b class="b3">ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς</b> (i. e. [[ὅσον]]) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον <span class="bibl">Od.17.344</span>; <b class="b3">ὦκα δὲ μητρὶ ἔννεπον ὡς</b> (i. e. [[ὅσα]]) εἶδόν τε καὶ ἔκλυον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>172</span>; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι . . ὡς ἑνός <span class="bibl">Od.4.105</span>; τόσον . . ὡς <span class="bibl">Il.4.130</span>; so in Trag., σοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1124</span>; ὡς ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔστιν ὑμῶν ὅστις ἐξ ἴσου νοσεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>60</span>; in Prose, <b class="b3">ὡς δύναται</b> [[as much as]] he can, <span class="bibl">Democr.278</span>; τὸ ῥῆμα μέμνημαι ὡς εἶπε <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.72</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς μή</b> = [[ὅσον μή, νέμεν ὅτι ἃν]] ( = [[ἂν]]) βόλητοι ὡς μὴ ἰν τοῖ περιχώροι <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.9 (Tegea, iv B. C.); cf. Ab. 11.2 infr. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> sometimes after Comp., [[compared with]], hence [[than]], <b class="b3">μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως ὡς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36d</span>; ἅ γε μείζω πόνον παρέχει . . οὐκ ἂν ῥᾳδίως οὐδὲ πολλὰ ἂν εὕροις ὡς τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>526c</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδενὸς μᾶλλον φροντίζειν ὡς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Plb.3.12.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">11.2.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cor.</span>36</span>: <b class="b3">μᾶσσον ὡς</b> is dub. in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>629</span>, and <b class="b3">&lt;ἢ&gt;</b> shd. perhaps be inserted in <span class="bibl">Lys.7.12</span>,31; cf. [[ὥσπερ]] IV. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> with Adverbial clauses: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> parenthetically, in qualifying clauses, <b class="b3">ὡς ἔοικε</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Smp.</span>176c</span>, etc.: in these cases γε or [[γοῦν]] is freq. added, <b class="b3">ὡς γοῦν ὁ λόγος σημαίνει</b> [[as]] at any rate the argument shows, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>334a</span>; in some phrases c. inf., v. infr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.3</span>. An anacoluthon sometimes occurs by the Verb of the principal clause being made dependent on the parenthetic Verb, <b class="b3">ὡς δὲ Σκύθαι λέγουσι, νεώτατον ἁπάντων ἐθνέων εἶναι</b> (for [[ἦν]]) τὸ σφέτερον <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.65</span>; ὡς ἐγὼ ἤκουσα, εἶναι αὐτόν <span class="bibl">Id.4.76</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς γὰρ . . ἤκουσά τινος, ὅτι</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.18</span> codd.; <b class="b3">ἁνὴρ ὅδ' ὡς ἔοικεν οὐ νεμεῖν</b> (for <b class="b3">οὐ νεμεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε</b>), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1238</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in elliptical phrases, [[so far as]] . . (cf. supr. Ab.<span class="bibl">1.3</span>) ὡς ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 395</span> (lyr.); so ὥς γε ἐμοὶ κριτῇ <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>2.41</span> and ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>801</span>; ὡς ἐμῇ δόξῃ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>5.2</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀπ' ὀμμάτων</b> (sc. [[εἰκάσαι]]) to judge by eyesight, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>15</span>: especially in such phrases as οὐκέτι πολλὸν χωρίον, ὡς εἶναι Αἰγύπτου <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.8</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Αακεδαιμόνιος</b> [[for]] a Lacedaemonian, <span class="bibl">Th.4.84</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.10.31</span>; ὡς ἀνθρώποις <span class="bibl">Alcmaeon 1</span>; <b class="b3">φρονεῖ . . ὡς γυνὴ μέγα</b> [[for]] a woman, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1078</span>; <b class="b3">πιστός, ὡς νομεύς, ἀνήρ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1118</span>; μακρὰν ὡς γέροντι . . ὁδόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">385</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>62</span>, etc.; ὡπλισμένοι ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἱκανῶς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.3.31</span>; also with ἄν, μεγάλα ἐκτήσατο χρήματα, ὡς ἂν εἶναι Ῥοδῶπιν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.135</span> codd. ([[ἂν]] secl. Krüger, [[Ῥοδώπιος]] cj. Valck.):—for <b class="b3">ὡς εἰπεῖν</b> and the like, v. infr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ὡς]] attached to the object of the Verb, [[as]], ἑωυτὸν ὡς ἐχθρὸν λυπέει <span class="bibl">Democr.88</span>; ἔλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους ὡς φίλους ἤδη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.25</span>; ἐν οἰκήματι ᾧ ὡς ταμιείῳ ἐχρῆτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>315d</span>.— For the similar usage of [[ὡς]] with Participles and Prepositions, v. infr. c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> with Adverbs: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> with the Posit., ὡς ἀληθῶς [[truly]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>234e</span> (cf. ἀληθής <span class="bibl">111.1b</span>: as if Adv. of <b class="b3">τὸ ἀληθές</b>) <b class="b3">; ὡς ἑτέρως</b> [[in the other way]], ib.<span class="bibl">276c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.212</span> (Adv. of <b class="b3">ὁ ἕτερος;</b> v. [[ἕτερος]] v. 2) (v. infr. <span class="bibl">D.1.1</span>); <b class="b3">ὡς ἠπίως, ὡς ἐτητύμως</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1438</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">1452</span>; ὡς ὁμοίως <span class="title">SIG</span>708.34 (Istropolis, ii B. C.), <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">4 Ma.</span>5.21</span>, ''1'' <span class="title">Enoch</span>5.3, <span class="title">IG</span>7.2725.16 (Acraeph., ii A. D.); ὡς ἐναλλάξ <span class="bibl">Vett.Val. 215.9</span>, <span class="bibl">340.2</span>; ὡς παντελῶς <span class="bibl">Id.184.26</span>; ὡς ἄλλως <span class="bibl">Is.7.27</span>, <span class="bibl">D.6.32</span>; ὡς ἐνδεχομένως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.53</span> (iii B. C.); in <b class="b3">ὣς αὔτως</b> (v. [[ὡσαύτως]]) we have the Adv. of <b class="b3">ὁ αὐτός</b>, but the [[ὥς]] retains its demonstr. force, as does ὁ in Homer; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὡς ὁμοίως</b>, and <b class="b3">ὡς παντελῶς</b> may be modelled on <b class="b3">ὣς αὔτως</b>, with which they are nearly synonymous; so also <b class="b3">ὡς ἑτέρως</b> and <b class="b3">ὡς ἐναλλάξ</b>, which are contrasted with it. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with Advbs. expressing anything extraordinary, [[θαυμαστῶς]] or <b class="b3">θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς</b>, v. sub vocc.; [[ὡς]] is sometimes separated by several words from its Adv., as θαυμαστῶς μοι εἶπες ὡς παρα' δόξαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>95a</span>; ὑπερφυῶς δὴ τὸ χρῆμα ὡς δύσγνωστον φαίνεται Id.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.147c, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span> 99d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> with the Sup., [[as much as can be]], ὡς μάλιστα <span class="bibl">Th.1.141</span>, etc.: <b class="b3">ὡς ῥᾷστα</b> [[as]] easily [[as possible]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>104</span>; ὡς πλεῖστα <span class="bibl">Democr. 189</span>; <b class="b3">ὠς τάχιστα</b> [[as]] quickly [[as possible]], Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>4.15, etc.; more fully expressed, ὡς δυνατὸν ἄριστα <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.153</span>; ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα <span class="bibl">Th.7.50</span>; μαχομένους ὡς ἂν δυνώμεθα κράτιστα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.6</span>; ὡς οἷόν τε βελτιστον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>403d</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα</b> Diog.<span class="bibl">Apollon.3</span>: [[ὡς]] and [[ὅτι]] are sometimes found together, where one is superfluous, ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>908a</span>; βοῦν ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστον <span class="title">IG</span>22.1028.17 (ii/i B. C.); v. infr. G. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> with Comp., ὡς θᾶσσον <span class="bibl">Plb.1.66.1</span>, <span class="bibl">3.82.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> in the phrases <b class="b3">ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>330c</span>, <span class="bibl">377b</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον</b> for the more part, commonly, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον <span class="bibl">Th.2.34</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὡς πλήθει</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>364a</span>, <span class="bibl">389d</span>; ὡς τὸ ἐπίπαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.50</span>, etc.; ὡς τὰ πολλά <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>12.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Adjs., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> Posit., ὑπερφυεῖ τινι . . ὡς μεγάλῃ βλάβῃ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>477d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with Sup., ὡς ἄριστοι τὰς φύσεις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>18d</span>; ὅπως ὡς βέλτισται ἔσονται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>503a</span>; ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>218d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> separated from the Adj. by a Prep., ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστον <span class="bibl">Th.1.63</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.246</span>; ὡς ἐν βραχυτάτοις <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.18</span>; ὡς ἐν ἐχυρωτάτῳ ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 1.6.26</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ac</span> Relat. and Interrog., [[how]], μερμήριζε . . ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσειε <span class="bibl">Il. 2.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>365a</span>; ἐβουλεύοντο ὡς . . στήσονται <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.84</span>, etc.; οἷα δεῖ λέγειν καὶ ὥς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1128a1</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς πέπραται</b> [[how]], i. e. [[at what price]] the goods have been sold, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>149</span> (iii B. C.); so <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔσθ' ὡς</b> . . (for the more usually [[ὅπως]]) nowise can it be [[that]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>750</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔσθ' ὡς οὐ</b>... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>196</span> (anap., Porson for <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ου</b>) <b class="b3">; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον;</b> by a mixture of constructions for <b class="b3">ὡς χρὴ ποιῆσαι</b> or <b class="b3">ὡς ποιήσεις</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>543</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hermipp.43</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.916</span>; <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς μετεύξει</b> is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>600</span> ([[μέτευξαι]] Elmsley); similarly, οἶσθα . . ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>75</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὡς ἂν ποήσῃς</b> [[however]] ([[in whatever way]]) thou mayest act, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1369</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>181a</span>; αὐτῷ ὥς κεν ἅδῃ, τὼς ἔσσεται <span class="bibl">A.R.3.350</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ad</span> Temporal, [[when]], with past tenses of the indic., ἐνῶρτο γέλως... ὡς ἴδον <span class="bibl">Il.1.600</span>: with opt., to express a repeated action, [[whenever]], ὡς . . ἐς τὴν Μιλησίην ἀπίκοιτο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.17</span>: rarely c. subj., to denote what happens under certain conditions, τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστός οἱ μειχθῇ, διδοῖ δῶρον <span class="bibl">Id.4.172</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.132</span>; later, <b class="b3">ὡς ἄν</b> c. subj., [[when]], PCair.Zen.251 (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>11.34</span>, etc.; ὥς κα <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.170 (Cyrene); <b class="b3">ὡς ἂν τάχιστα λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν</b> [[as]] soon <b class="b2">as .</b>. PCair.Zen.241.1 (iii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>9.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jo.</span>3.8</span>: in orat. obliq. c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>, <span class="bibl">96</span>, al.: expressed more forcibly by <b class="b3">ὡς . . τάχιστα</b>, some word or words being interposed, <b class="b3">ὡς γὰρ ἐπετρόπευσε τάχιστα</b> [[as soon as ever]]... <span class="bibl">Id.1.65</span>; ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο τάχιστα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.2</span>: less freq. <b class="b3">ὡς τάχιστα</b> stand together, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.22</span>: but this usage must be distinguished from signf. Ab.111.1c: followed by demonstr., ὡς εἶδ', ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο <span class="bibl">Il.20.424</span>; ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν <span class="bibl">14.294</span>; also ὡς... ἔπειτα <span class="bibl">3.396</span>; Κρονίδης ὥς μιν φράσαθ' ὣς ἐόλητο θυμὸν ἀνωΐστοισιν ὑποδμηθεὶς βελέεσσι Κύπριδος <span class="bibl">Mosch.2.74</span>; the second [[ὣς]] is repeated, ἁ δ' Ἀταλάντα ὡς ἴδεν, ὣς ἐμάνη, ὣς ἐς βαθὺν ἅλατ' ἔρωτα <span class="bibl">Theoc.3.41</span> ([[ὣς]] = [[εὐθέως]], Sch.vet.), cf. <span class="bibl">2.82</span>; in <span class="bibl">Bion 1.40</span> the clauses with [[ὡς]] all belong to the protasis. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὡς]] appears to be [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[ἕως]] in ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος . . αἴρῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1330</span>, ὡς ἂν ᾖς οἷόσπερ εἶ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1117</span>; cf. ὥσπερ <span class="bibl">111.1</span>: but in later Gr. = [[ἕως]], [[while]], ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>12.35</span>, <span class="bibl">36</span>; ὡς καιρὸν ἔχομεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>6.10</span>, cf. <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>646a5 (p.529); also [[until]], τίθεται ἐπὶ ἀνθράκων ὡς ἀναξηρανθῇ <span class="title">PLeid.X.</span>89 B.; <b class="b3">ἔα ἀφρίζειν τὴν πίσσαν ὡς οὗ ἐκλείπῃ</b> ib.37B.; cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>824.43</span> (conversely [[ἕως]] for [[ὡς]] final, v. [[ἕως]] (B) A. 1.4). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">Ae</span> Local, [[where]], in dialects, <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.13</span>, <span class="bibl">5.101</span>, <span class="bibl">103</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).205.4 (Melitea, iii B. C.), <span class="title">SIG</span>685.63, al. (Cretan, ii B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).736.5 (Camirus), <span class="title">GDI</span>5597.8 (Ephesus, iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> ὡς as CONJUNCTION: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> with Substantive clauses, to express a fact, = [[ὅτι]], [[that]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> with Final clauses, to express an end or purpose, = [[ἵνα]], [[ὅπως]], [[so that]], [[in order that]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> Consecutive, = [[ὥστε]], [[so that]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Causal, [[since]], [[because]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> with Substantive Clauses, with verbs of learning, saying, etc., [[that]], expressing a fact, γνωτὸν... ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ' ἐφῆπται <span class="bibl">Il.7.402</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.194</span>, etc.: in commands, προεῖπεν ὡς μηδεὶς κινήσοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.1.22</span>: with Verbs of fear or anxiety, c. fut. indic., μηκέτ' ἐκφοβοῦ, μητρῷον ὥς σε λῆμ' ἀτιμάσει ποτέ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1427</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.30</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ φοβοῦ ὡς ἀπορήσεις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.2.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.10.36</span>; a sentence beginning with [[ὡς]] is sts., when interrupted, resumed by [[ὅτι]], and vice versa, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>470d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>281c</span>; so [[ὡς]] with a finite Verb passes into the acc. and inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.70</span>, <span class="bibl">8.118</span>: both constructions mixed in the same clause, <b class="b3">ἐλογίζετο ὡς . . ἧττον ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐθέλειν</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.1.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>3.4.27</span>: after primary tenses (incl. historic pres.) [[ὡς]] is followed by indic., after historic tenses by opt. (sts. by indic., both constructions in ὑπίσχοντο . . ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη . . ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴη <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.168</span>): sometimes c. opt. after a primary tense, κατάπτονται . . λέγοντες ὡς Ἀρίστων . . οὐ φήσειε <span class="bibl">Id.6.69</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>156b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of feeling, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ, ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαι <span class="bibl">Il.23.648</span>; ἄχος ἔλλαβ' Ἀχαιοὺς ὡς ἔπεσ' <span class="bibl">16.600</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> with Final Clauses, [[that]], [[in order that]]; in this sense [[ὡς]] and <b class="b3">ὡς ἄν</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">ὥς κεν</b>, are used with the subj. after primary tenses of the indic., and with the opt. after the past tenses, βουλὴν ὑποθησόμεθ'... ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται <span class="bibl">Il.8.37</span>; τύμβον χεύαμεν... ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς . . εἴη <span class="bibl">Od. 24.83</span>; ἡμεῖς δ' ἴωμεν ὡς, ὁπηνίκ' ἂν θεὸς πλοῦν ἡμὶν εἴκῃ, τηνικαυθ' ὁρμώμεθα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>464</span>; [νέας] διηκοσίας περιέπεμπον . . ὡς ἂν μὴ ὀφθείησαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.7</span>. b. rarely c. fut. indic., <b class="b3">ὡς μὴ ὦν αὐτοὶ τε ἀπολέεσθε</b> (cj. Cobet for [[ἀπόλεσθε]]) κἀμὲ τρώσετε, ἐς ἄλλον τινὰ δῆμον ἀποίχεσθε <span class="bibl">Hecat. 30J.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὡς]] is also used with past tenses of the indic. to express a purpose which has not been or cannot be fulfilled, <b class="b3">τί μ' οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε</b> . .; [[so that I]] never [[should]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1392</span>; ἔδει τὰ ἐνέχυρα λαβεῖν, ὡς μηδ' εἰ ἐβούλετο ἐδύνατο ἐξαπατᾶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.6.23</span>; cf. ἵνα <span class="bibl">B. 1.3</span>, ὅπως <span class="bibl">B. 1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ὡς]] c. inf., to limit an assertion, ὡς μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκέειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.95</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.124</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">53</span>; or <b class="b3">ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν</b>, cf. ἔπος <span class="bibl">11.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς συντόμως</b>, or <b class="b3">ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν</b> [[to]] speak shortly, [[to]] be brief, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>12.19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>3.8.10</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς εἰκάσαι</b> [[to]] make a guess, i.e. probably, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.34</span>, etc.; ὡς μικρὸν μεγάλῳ εἰκάσαι <span class="bibl">Th.4.36</span> (so without ὡς, οὐ πολλῷ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.61</span>), v. supr. Ab. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>, <span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> to express Consequence, like [[ὥστε]], [[so that]], freq. in Hdt., <b class="b3">εὖρος ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ</b> in breadth [[such that]] two triremes could sail abreast, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.24</span>; ὑψηλὸν οὕτω... ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαι <span class="bibl">4.184</span>; so in Trag. and Prose, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>437</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>84</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.5.7</span>, etc.; ἀπέχοντας ἀπ' ἀλλάλων ὡς ἦμεν Ϝικατίπεδον ἄντομον <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.75; οὕτως . . ὡς ὁμολογεῖν <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>5.164d</span>; ὡς καὶ τοὺς τεχνίτας λανθάνειν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span> 9.13</span>; also, like [[ὥστε]], with Indic., οὕτω κλεινὴ ἐγένετο, ὡς . . ἐξέμαθον <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>590</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.1.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἢ ὡς</b> after a Comp., μάσσον' ἢ ὡς ἰδέμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.113</span>; μαλακώτεροι . . ἢ ὡς κάλλιον αὐτοῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 410d</span>; cf. ὥστε <span class="bibl">B. 1.2</span>: with words implying comparison, <b class="b3">ὀλίγοι ἐσμὲν ὡς ἐγκρατεῖς εἶναι αὐτῶν</b> too few [[to]]... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.15</span>, <b class="b3">γραῦς εἶ, ὦ Ἐλπινίκη, ὡς τηλικαῦτα διαπράττεσθαι πράγματα</b> too old [[to]] . . <span class="bibl">Stesimbr. 5J.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ὡς]] is sometimes omitted where the antecedent demonstrative is expressed, <b class="b3">οὕτω ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν διαρρήξειας</b> so strong, you could hardly break them, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.12</span>; ῥώμη σώματος τοιήδε, ἀεθλοφόροι τε ἀμφότεροι ἦσαν <span class="bibl">Id.1.31</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Causal, [[inasmuch as]], [[since]], τί ποτε λέγεις, ὦ τέκνον; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>914</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>843</span>, <span class="bibl">1077</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>278</span>: c. opt., μὴ καὶ λάθῃ με προσπεσών· ὡς μᾶλλον ἂν ἕλοιτο μ' ἢ τοὺς πάντας Ἀργείους λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>46</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[on the ground that]]... c. fut. indic., <span class="bibl">Lys.30.27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> ὡς before </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> Participles; </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Prepositions; and </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[ὡς]] itself as a Preposition. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> with Participles in the case of the Subject, to mark the reason or motive of the action, [[as if]], [[as]], ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώς <span class="bibl">Il.23.430</span> (v. infr. G); <b class="b3">ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερημένοι</b> (i. e. <b class="b3">ἡγούμενοι μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερῆσθαι</b>), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>329a</span>: most freq. c. part. fut., διαβαίνει... ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτον <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">91</span>; παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς πολεμήσοντες <span class="bibl">Th.2.7</span>, etc.; δηλοῖς ὥς τι σημανῶν νέον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 242</span>; ὡς τεθνήξων ἴσθι νυνί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>325</span> (troch.): in questions, παρὰ Πρωταγόραν νῦν ἐπιχειρεῖς ἰέναι, ὡς παρὰ τίνα ἀφιξόμενος; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>311b</span>; ὡς τί δὴ θέλων; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>557</span>; with vbs. of knowing, ἐπιστάσθω Κροῖσος ὡς ὕστερον . . ἁλοὺς τῆς πεπρωμένης <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.91</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς μὴ 'μπολήσων ἴσθι</b> . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1063</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Participles in oblique cases, <b class="b3">λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας</b> they speak of us [[as]] dead, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>672</span>; ὡς μηδὲν εἰδότ' ἴσθι μ' ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>253</span>; τὸν ἐκβαίνοντα κολάζουσιν ὡς παρανομοῦντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>338e</span>; ἵνα μὴ ἀγανακτῇ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ὡς δεινὰ πάσχοντος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>115e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.85</span>, <span class="bibl">9.54</span>; νῦν δέ σου τὰ ἔργα φανερὰ γεγένηται οὐχ ὡς ἀνιωμένου ἀλλ' ὡς ἡδομένου τοῖς γιγνομένοις <span class="bibl">Lys.12.32</span>; κτύπος φωτὸς ὡς τειρομένου &lt;του&gt; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>202</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἐποιοῦντο, ὡς, ὅταν ἐξέλθωσιν, ἢ οὐχ ὑπομενοῦντας σφᾶς ἢ ῥᾳδίως ληψόμενοι βίᾳ</b> made light of the matter, [[in the belief that]]... <span class="bibl">Th.4.5</span>.—Both constructions in one sentence, τοὺς κόσμους εἴασε χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίους τε ὄντας καὶ πλέον θάτερον ἡγησάμενος ἀπεργάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>114e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.5.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with Parts. put abs. in gen., νῦν δέ, ὡς οὕτω ἐχόντων, στρατιὴν ἐκπέμπετε <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.144</span>; [[ἐρώτα]] ὅτι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.9</span>; ὡς ὧδ' ἐχόντων τῶνδ' ἐπίστασθαί σε χρή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>281</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">904</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>760</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1311</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.15</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.6</span>: so also in acc., μισθὸν αἰτοῦσιν, ὡς οὐχὶ αὐτοῖσιν ὠφελίαν ἐσομένην ἐκ τοῦ ἄρχειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>345e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1461</span>: with both cases in one sentence, ὡς καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων προσδοκίμων ὄντων ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ καὶ . . διαπεπολεμησόμενον <span class="bibl">Th.7.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[ὡς]] before Preps., <b class="b3">ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[-ίᾳ]]) <span class="bibl">Th.1.48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>2.1.22</span>; φρύγανα συλλέγοντες ὡς ἐπὶ πῦρ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.3.11</span>; <b class="b3">κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὡς ἐπὶ τυραννίδι</b>, expressing the purpose, <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>; ἀπέπλεον . . ὡς ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας <span class="bibl">Id.6.61</span>; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>58</span>; τὸ βούλευμ' ὡς ἐπ' Ἀργείοις τόδ' ἦν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>44</span>: in these passages [[ὡς]] marks an intention; not so in the following: ἀπαγγέλλετε τῇ μητρὶ [χαίρειν] ὡς παρ' ἐμοῦ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.28</span>; also ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πομπῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 327c</span>; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.101</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> later, in geographical expressions, of direction, προϊών, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸν Πηνειόν <span class="bibl">Str.9.5.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.1.22</span>; ὡς πρὸς ἕω βλέπων <span class="bibl">Id.8.6.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.6.2</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς εἰς Φηραίαν</b> (leg. [[Ἡραίαν]]) ἰόντων <span class="bibl">Id.8.3.32</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[ὡς]] as a Prep., prop. in cases where the object is a person, not a place: once in Hom., ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον <span class="bibl">Od.17.218</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον]], cf. αἶνος Ὁμηρικός, αἰὲν ὁμοῖον ὡς θεός . . ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>1.1.10</span>; <b class="b3">ἔρχεται . . ἕκαστον τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς τὸ ὅ., τὸ πυκνὸν ὡς τὸ πυκνόν κτλ</b>. (with [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἐς]]) <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>17</span>), but possibly <b class="b3">ὡς . . ὥς</b> <b class="b2">as . . so</b>, in Od. [[l.c.]]; also in Hdt., ἐσελθεῖν ὡς τὴν θυγατέρα <span class="bibl">2.121</span>.έ: freq. in Att., ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο <span class="bibl">Th.8.5</span>, etc.; ἀφίκετο ὡς Περδίκκαν καὶ ἐς τὴν Χαλκιδικήν <span class="bibl">Id.4.79</span>; ἀπέπλευσαν ἐς Φώκαιαν . . ὡς Ἀστύοχον <span class="bibl">Id.8.31</span>; <b class="b3">ναῦς ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ὡς Φαρνάβαζον ἀποπέμπειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">39</span>; ὡς ἐκεῖνον πλέομεν ὥσπερ πρὸς δεσπότην <span class="bibl">Isoc. 4.121</span>; the examples of [[ὡς]] with names of places are corrupt, e.g. ὡς τὴν Μίλητον <span class="bibl">Th.8.36</span>cit> ([[ἐς]] cod. Vat.); <b class="b3">ὡς Ἄβυδον</b> one Ms. in <span class="bibl">Id.8.103</span>; ὡς τὸ πρόσθεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>242</span>: in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1481</span> <b class="b3">ὡς τὰς ἀδελφὰς . . τὰς ἐμὰς χέρας</b> is equiv. to <b class="b3">ὡς ἐμὲ τὸν ἀδελφόν;</b> in <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>366</span> <b class="b3">δόμους ὡς τούσδε</b> house = household. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> ὡς in independent sentences: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> as an exclamation, [[how]], mostly with Advbs. and Adjs., <b class="b3">ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες</b> [[how]] silly a heart hadst thou! <span class="bibl">Il.21.441</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀγαθὸν καὶ παῖδα λιπέσθαι</b> [[how]] good is it... <span class="bibl">Od.3.196</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.194</span>; φρονεῖν ὡς δεινόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>316</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος</b> [[how]] charming he is! <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>116d</span>; ὡς ἐμεγαλύνθη τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>91(92).6</span>, <span class="bibl">103(104).24</span>; in indirect clauses, <b class="b3">ἐθαύμασα τοῦτο, ὡς ἡδέως . . ἀπεδέξατο</b> marvelled [[at seeing how]]... <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>89a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs, <b class="b3">ὥς μοι δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ αἰεί</b> [[how]] constantly... <span class="bibl">Il.19.290</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.273</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς οὐκ ἔστι χάρις μετόπισθ' εὐεργέων</b> [[how]] little thanks remain! <span class="bibl">Od.22.319</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ὄχλος νιν . . ἀμφέπει</b> [[see how]]... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>148</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ὑπερδέδοικά σου</b> [[how greatly]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>82</span>; so perhaps ὡς οἰμώξεται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>279</span>; ὡς ἅπανθ' ὑμῖν τυραννίς ἐστι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>488</span> (troch.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> to mark a wish, <b class="b2">oh that!</b> c. opt. alone, ὡς ἔρις . . ἀπόλοιτο <span class="bibl">Il.18.107</span>; ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος <span class="bibl">Od.1.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>126</span> (lyr.); also <b class="b3">ὡς ἄν</b> or κε with opt., ὡς ἂν ἔπειτ' ἀπὸ σεῖο οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.9.444</span>; ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι γαῖα χάνοι <span class="bibl">6.281</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ' ὀλέσθαι <span class="bibl">3.428</span>; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν <span class="bibl">Od.11.548</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">E</span> ὡς with numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, [[as it were]], [[about]], [[nearly]], σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.3.5</span>; also <b class="b3">ὡς πέντε μάλιστά κῃ</b> [[about]] five (v. μάλα <span class="bibl">111.5</span>), <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.30</span>:—also with words compounded with numerals, δέπας . . ὡς τριλάγυνον <span class="bibl">Stesich.7</span>; <b class="b3">παῖς ὡς ἑπτέτης</b> of [[some]] seven years, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>471c</span>; δρέπανα ὡς διπήχη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>5.4.12</span>; cf. ὡσεί ''III''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">F</span> ὡς in some elliptical (or apparently elliptical) phrases: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὡς τί δὴ τόδε</b> (sc. [[γένηται]]); <b class="b2">to what end?</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>796</span> (troch.); cf. ἵνα <span class="bibl">B.11.3c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[know that]] (sc. [[ἴσθι]]), ὡς ἔστιν ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε τἄργα ταῦτά σοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>39</span>; ὡς τοῦτό γ' ἔρξας δύο φέρει δωρήματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>117</span>; ὡς τῆσδ' ἑκοῦσα παιδὸς οὐ μεθήσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>400</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>609</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>720</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς τάχ' οὐκέθ' αἱματηρὸν . . ἀργήσει ξίφος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">625</span> (troch.); so in Com., ὡς ἔστ' ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">499</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span> 333</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>209</span>; also ἀλλ' ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους πάρεστιν ἄγγελος οὐδείς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>1119</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὡς ἕκαστος, ἕκαστοι</b>, each [[severally]] (whether in respect of time, place, or other difference), ξυνελέγοντο . . Κορίνθιοι δισχίιοι ὁπλῖται, οἱ δ' ἄλλοι ὡς ἕκαστοι, Φλειάσιοι δὲ πανστρατιᾷ <span class="bibl">Th.5.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.107</span>, <span class="bibl">113</span>; <b class="b3">πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἑκάστη [ξυνέβη]</b> ([[ξ]]. secl. Krüger: <b class="b3">ἀπὸ κοινοῦ ἐδουλώθη</b> Sch.l.c.) <span class="bibl">Id.1.98</span>; <b class="b3">ἄλλοι τε παριόντες ἐγκλήματα ἐποιοῦντο ὡς ἕκαστοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">67</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.65</span>; <b class="b3">χρησμολόγοι τε ᾖδον χρησμοὺς παντοίους, ὧν ἀκροᾶσθαι ὡς ἕκαστος ὥρμητο</b>, i. e. different persons ran to listen to different prophecies, <span class="bibl">Id.2.21</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς ἄλλας ὡς ἑκάστην ποι ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν ἀναδησάμενοι ἐκόμιζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν</b> they made fast to the rest [[wherever each]] (ship) had been run ashore, <span class="bibl">Id.7.74</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ δ' οὖν ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες κατὰ πόλεις τε ὅσοι ἀλλήλων ξυνίεσαν καὶ ξύμπαντες ὕστερον κληθέντες οὐδὲν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν . . ἁθρόοι ἔπραξαν</b> the [[various peoples]] that were later called by the common name of Greeks, <span class="bibl">Id.1.3</span>; ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἔργον προστάσσων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.114</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς ἑκάστην</b> ([[one by one]]) [[αἱρέοντες]] (sc. <b class="b3">τὰς νήσους</b>) οἱ βάρβαροι ἐσαγήνευον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους <span class="bibl">Id.6.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">79</span>; ὡς ἑκασταχόσε <span class="bibl">D.C.41.9</span>, al.; rarely with a Verb, ὡς ἕκαστος ἀπικνέοιτο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.2</span>: later [[ὡς]] follows ἕκαστος, ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεως <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>12.3</span>:—for the etymology v. infr. H; also ὡς ἑκάτεροι <span class="bibl">Th.3.74</span> (v. infr. H). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">G</span> ὡς pleonast. in ὡς ὅτι <span class="bibl">D.H. 9.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>11.21</span>, Sch.A <span class="bibl">Il.1.264</span>, <span class="bibl">129</span>, <span class="bibl">396</span>, <span class="bibl">3.280</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>9.530, dub.l. in <span class="bibl">Str.15.1.57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">H</span> Etymology: this word is in origin five distinct words: (''1'') [[ὡς]] '[[as]]' is the Adv. fr. the Relat. [[ὅς]] (I.-E. stem <b class="b2">yo-</b>); with <b class="b3">ὡς βέλτιστος</b> cf. Skt. <b class="b2">yācchrēṣṭáḥ</b> 'the best possible': (2) [[ὧς]] '[[thus]]' is the Adv. of a Demonstr. stem <b class="b2">so-</b> found in Skt. [[sa]], Gr. ὁ, Lat. <b class="b2">sō-c</b> (<b class="b2">Gloss. = ita</b>, cf. Umbr. [[esoc]]); (3) [[ὡς]] postpositive (<b class="b3">ὄρνιθες ὥς</b>, etc.) constantly makes a preceding short closed [[syllable]] long in Hom., and must therefore have been ϝως; it may perhaps be related to Skt. [[vā]], a form of [[va]], [[iva]] ( = (''1'') [[or]] (<span class="bibl">2</span>) [[like]]), Lat. [[ve]], Gr. <b class="b3">ἦ[ϝ] ε;</b> (<span class="bibl">4</span>) [[ὡς]] prep. '[[to]]' is of doubtful origin (perhaps fr. <b class="b3">*ὠς</b>, cogn. with Lat. [[ōs]] 'face', Skt. [[ās]]: <b class="b3">ὤς τινα ἐλθεῖν</b> like τί δέ δε φρένας ἵκετο [[πένθος]];); (<span class="bibl">5</span>) [[ὡς]] F.<span class="bibl">3</span> is prob. <b class="b3">ϝως,</b> Adv. of [[ϝός]] the reflexive Adj., and means lit. <b class="b2">in his (their) own way</b> (or [[place]]); it is idiomatically placed before [[ἕκαστος]] (ἑκάτερος), cf. ϝὸν ϝεκάτερος <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.18.</span>