γένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος or ους, τό, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[race]], [[stock]], [[kin]], ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γ. ἠδ' ἴα πάτρη <span class="bibl">Il.13.354</span>; αἷμά τε καὶ γ. <span class="bibl">Od.8.583</span>; ὑμετέρου δ' οὐκ ἔστι γένεος βασιλεύτερον <span class="bibl">15.533</span>; γένος πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.6.209</span>; γ. ἀπόλωλε τοκήων <span class="bibl">Od.4.62</span>; ὅθι τοι γένος ἐστὶ καὶ αὐτῇ <span class="bibl">6.35</span>: freq. abs. in acc., <b class="b3">ἐξ Ἰθάκης γένος εἰμί</b> from Ithaca I am [[by race]], <span class="bibl">15.267</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il. 5.544</span>,<span class="bibl">896</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>239</span>, etc.; in Att. freq. with the Art., ποδαπὸς τὸ γένος εἶ; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>186</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>216a</span>: so in dat., γένει πολῖται <span class="bibl">D.23.24</span>; <b class="b3">γένει υἱός</b>, opp. an adopted son, <span class="bibl">Id.44.2</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν γένει</b>, = [[συγγενεῖς]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1430</span>; οἱ ἔξω γένους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>660</span>; οὐδὲν ἐν γένει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>1016</span>; γένει προσήκειν τινί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.1</span>; γένει ἀπωτέρω εἶναι <span class="bibl">D. 44.13</span>: in gen., <b class="b3">γένους εἶναί τινος</b> to be of his [[race]], ἄναγνος καὶ γένους τοῦ Λαΐου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1383</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγγυτέρω, ἐγγύτατα γένους</b>, [[nearer]], [[next of kin]], <span class="bibl">Is.8.33</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>388</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[direct descent]], opp. [[collateral relationship]], γένος γάρ, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ συγγένεια <span class="bibl">Is.8.33</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κατὰ γένος βασιλεῖαι</b> [[hereditary]] monarchies, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1285a16</span>, <span class="bibl">1313a10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[offspring]], even of a [[single]] [[descendant]], σὸν γ. <span class="bibl">Il.19.124</span>, <span class="bibl">21.186</span>; ἡ δ' ἄρ' ἔην θεῖον γ. οὐδ' ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">6.180</span>; ἁμὸν Οἰδίπου γ. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>654</span>; <b class="b3">Διὸς γ</b>., of Bacchus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1117</span> (lyr.); Τέκμησσα, δύσμορον γ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>784</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> collectively, [[offspring]], [[posterity]], ἐκεῖνοι καὶ τὸ γ. τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνων <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>; ἐξώλη ποιεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ γ. καὶ οἰκίαν <span class="bibl">D.19.71</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[race]], of beings, θεῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>960</span>; ἡμιθέων γ. ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Il.12.23</span>; <b class="b3">ἡμιόνων, βοῶν γ</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.2.852</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.20.212</span>; <b class="b3">ἵππειον γ</b>., i.e. [[mules]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>342</span>; ἰχθύων πλωτὸν γ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>941.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[clan]], [[house]], [[family]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.125</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">Φρὺξ μὲν γενεῇ, γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληΐου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἀπὸ γένους</b> men [[of noble family]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Rom.</span>21</span>; ἱερεὺς κατὰ γ. <span class="title">IG</span> 5(1).497, al.; also <b class="b3">ἱέρεια ἀπὸ γένους, διὰ γένους</b>, ib.607.29,602; esp. at Athens and elsewhere as a subdivision of the [[φρατρία]], Arist.<span class="title">Ath. Fr.</span>3, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.120e, etc.; = Lat. [[gens]], <span class="bibl">D.S.4.21</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Num.</span>1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[tribe]], as a [[subdivision]] of [[ἔθνος]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.56</span>,<span class="bibl">101</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[caste]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.164</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">e</span> of animals, [[breed]], <span class="bibl">Id.4.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[age]], [[generation]], <span class="bibl">Od.3.245</span>; <b class="b3">γ. χρύσεον</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>109</span>: hence, [[age]], [[time of life]], γένει [[ὕστερος]] <span class="bibl">Il.3.215</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408a27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[sex]], <span class="bibl">Epich.172.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>189d</span>; [[gender]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1407b7</span>, <span class="bibl">Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.214</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[class]], [[sort]], [[kind]], τὰ γ. τῶν κυνῶν ἐστι δισσά <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.1</span>; τὸ φιλόσοφον γ. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>501e</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῶν γεωργῶν [γ</b>.] <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>17c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 434b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1329a27</span>; τῶν ἰχθυοπωλῶν γ. <span class="bibl">Xenarch.7.4</span>; τὸ τῶν παρασίτων γ. Nicol. Com.1.1, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Logic, opp. [[εἶδος]] ([[species]]), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>129c</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>102a31</span>, <span class="bibl">102b12</span>, al.; τὰ γ. εἰς εἴδη πλείω καὶ διαφέροντα διαιρεῖται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1059b36</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in the animal kingdom, <b class="b3">τὰ μέγιστα γ</b>., = the modern <span class="title">Classes</span>, such as birds, fishes, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>490b7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">505b26</span>; so in the vegetable kingdom, <b class="b3">γένη τὰ μέγιστα</b>, = [[σιτώδη]], [[χεδροπά]] and [[ἀνώνυμα]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.1.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[genus]], <b class="b3">τὸ τῶν καρκίνων γ., τὸ τῶν περιστερῶν γ</b>., etc., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>487b17</span>, <span class="bibl">488a4</span>; τῶν δένδρων καὶ τῶν φυτῶν εἴδη πλείω τυγχάνει καθ' ἕκαστον γένος <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.14.3</span>; τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους [πίτυς] καὶ πεύκη Dsc. 1.69, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">γένος τι</b> a [[species]] of plant, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.8.13</span>; so later, [[γένη]], = [[crop]]s, ἄλλοις γένεσι τοῖς πρὸς πυρὸν διοικουμένοις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>66.43</span>, al. (ii B. C.); οἷς ἐὰν αἱρῶμαι γένεσι πλὴν κνήκου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.91.15</span> (ii A. D.); [[produce]], POxy.727.20 (ii A. D.); [[materials]], ib.54.16 (iii A. D.); [[ἐν γένεσιν]] = [[in kind]], opp. <b class="b3">ἐν ἀργυρίῳ</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>21.10</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">τὰ γ</b>. the [[element]]s, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>54b</span>. (Cf. Skt. jánas, gen. jánasas; Lat. [[genus]], [[generis]], v. [[γίγνομαι]].)</span>