παρά: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=<br />[[Perseus]]. from the [[side]] of, c. gen., [[beside]], alongside of, c. dat., to the [[side]] of, [[motion]] alongside of, c. acc.<br /><b class="num">I.</b> prep. with [[genitive]], dat., and acc.: Radical [[sense]] [[beside]]:<br />A. WITH GENIT. from the [[side]] of, from [[beside]]: from, [[φάσγανον]] ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ Il.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[commonly]] of Persons, ἦλθε πὰρ [[Διός]] Il.; [[ἀγγελίη]] ἥκει παρὰ βασιλῆος Hdt.; ὁ [[παρά]] τινος ἥκων his [[messenger]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> issuing from a [[person]], γίγνεσθαι [[παρά]] τινος to be [[born]] from him, Plat.; [[when]] it follows a Noun, a particip. may be supplied, ἡ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων [[δόξα]] [[glory]] from (given by) men, Plat.; τὸ παρ' [[ἐμοῦ]] [[ἀδίκημα]] done by me, Xen.; παρ' [[ἑαυτοῦ]] διδόναι to [[give]] from [[oneself]], i. e. from one's own [[means]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with Verbs of receiving and [[obtaining]], [[τυχεῖν]] τινος [[παρά]] τινος Od.; εὑρέσθαι τι [[παρά]] τινος Isocr.; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν τι [[παρά]] τινος Thuc.; μανθάνειν, ἀκούειν [[παρά]] τινος Hdt.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> with Pass. Verbs, on the [[part]] of (not, like ὑπό, of the [[direct]] [[agent]]), παρὰ [[θεῶν]] δίδοταί or σημαίνεταί τι Plat.; τὰ [[παρά]] τινος λεγόμενα or συμβουλευόμενα Xen.; [[φάρμακον]] [[πιεῖν]] παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ by his [[prescription]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in poetic passages, for [[παρά]] c. dat., near, πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Pind.; πὰρ Κυανεᾶν σπιλάδων Soph.; παρ' Ἰσμηνοῦ ῥείθρων Soph.<br />B. WITH DAT. [[beside]], alongside of, by, with Verbs implying [[rest]], used to [[answer]] the [[question]] [[where]]?<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]]s, ἧσθαι πὰρ πυρί Od.; [[ἑστάναι]] παρ' [[ὄχεσφιν]] Il.; πὰρ [[ποσσί]] at one's feet, Il.; παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης Il.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of persons, κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.; [[στῆναι]] [[παρά]] τινι to [[stand]] by him, Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> like Lat. [[apud]], French chez, at one's [[house]], μένειν [[παρά]] τινι Il.; οἱ παρ' [[ἡμῖν]] ἄνθρωποι the [[people]] [[here]], Plat.; ἡ παρ' [[ἡμῖν]] [[πολιτεία]] Dem.:—like Lat. [[apud]] for [[penes]], in one's own hands, ἔχειν παρ' ἑωϋτῷ Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> Lat. [[coram]], [[before]], in the [[presence]] of, ἤειδε παρὰ μνηστῆρσιν Od.: [[before]] a [[judge]], Hdt., [[attic]]; παρ' [[ἐμοί]], Lat. me judice, Hdt.; εὐδοκιμεῖν, [[μέγα]] δύνασθαι, τιμᾶσθαι [[παρά]] τινι with one, Plat.<br />C. WITH ACCUS. to the [[side]] of an [[object]], or [[motion]] alongside of it:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]],<br /><b class="num">1.</b> with Verbs of [[coming]] and [[going]], βῆ παρὰ θῖνα Il.; παρ' Ἥφαιστον to his [[chamber]], Il.; εἰσιέναι [[παρά]] τινα to go [[into]] his [[house]], Thuc., Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> with Verbs of [[rest]], [[beside]], near, by, κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched [[beside]] the [[river]] banks, Il.; παρ' ἔμ' [[ἵστασο]] [[come]] and [[stand]] by me, Il.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with Verbs of [[striking]], wounding, [[βάλε]] [[στῆθος]] παρὰ μαζόν Il.; αἰχμὴ δ' [[ἐξεσύθη]] παρὰ ἀνθερεῶνα Il.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> with Verbs of [[passing]] by, leaving on one [[side]], Hom.; παρὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι Xen.<br />b. by or [[beside]] the [[mark]], πὰρ δύναμιν [[beyond]] one's [[strength]], Il.<br />c. [[contrary]] to, [[against]], παρὰ μοῖραν [[contrary]] to [[destiny]], Hom.; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ τὰς σπονδάς Thuc.; παρὰ [[δόξαν]] [[contrary]] to [[opinion]], Thuc.; παρ' ἐλπίδας Soph.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> [[beside]], [[except]], οὐκ ἔστι παρὰ ταῦτ' ἄλλα [[beside]] [[this]] [[there]] is [[nothing]] [[else]], Ar.; παρὰ ἓν [[πάλαισμα]] ἔδραμε [[νικᾶν]] Ὀλυμπιάδα he won the Olympic [[prize]] [[save]] in one [[conflict]], he was [[within]] one of [[winning]] it, Hdt.; so, παρὰ [[ὀλίγον]] only [[just]], Eur.; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε ἀφελέσθαι was [[within]] an ace of [[taking]] [[away]], Thuc.; παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου came [[within]] [[such]] a [[degree]] of [[peril]], i. e. was in [[such]] [[imminent]] [[peril]], Thuc.: —opp. to these phrases is παρὰ [[πολύ]] by far, δεινότατον παρὰ [[πολύ]] Ar.; παρὰ πολὺ [[νικᾶν]] Thuc.:—but<br /><b class="num">6.</b> παρὰ [[ὀλίγον]] ποιεῖσθαι, ἡγεῖσθαι to [[hold]] of [[small]] [[account]], Xen.; παρ' [[οὐδέν]] ἐστι are as [[nothing]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> with a [[sense]] of [[alternation]], παρ' ἡμέραν or παρ' [[ἦμαρ]], doric παρ' [[ἆμαρ]], day by day, Pind., Soph.; πληγὴ παρὰ πληγήν [[blow]] for [[blow]], Ar.<br /><b class="num">8.</b> with a [[sense]] of Comparison, παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα [[ὥσπερ]] θεοὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι men [[beyond]] all [[other]] animals [[live]] like gods, Xen.; χειμὼν μείζω παρὰ τὴν καθεστηκυῖαν ὥραν Thuc.<br /><b class="num">9.</b> metaph. to [[denote]] [[dependence]], on [[account]] of, [[because]] of, by [[means]] of, παρὰ τὴν [[ἑαυτοῦ]] ἀμέλειαν Thuc.; παρὰ [[τοῦτο]] γέγονε Dem.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[time]], [[along]] the [[whole]] [[course]] of, [[during]], παρὰ τὴν ζόην Hdt.; παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον Dem.; παρὰ [[ποτόν]] [[while]] they were at [[wine]], Aeschin.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> at the [[moment]] of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα, flagrante delicto, Dem.<br />D. POSITION: —[[παρά]] may [[follow]] its Subst. in all cases, but then becomes by [[anastrophe]] [[πάρα]].<br />E. [[πάρα]] (with [[anastrophe]]) also stands for [[πάρεστι]] and πάρεισι.<br />F. [[παρά]] absol., as adv., near, [[together]], at [[once]], in Hom.<br />G. IN COMPOS.,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> alongside of, [[beside]], παράλληλοι, [[παραπλέω]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to the [[side]] of, to, [[παραδίδωμι]], [[παρέχω]].<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to one [[side]] of, by, [[past]], [[παρέρχομαι]], [[παρατρέχω]].<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> metaph.:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> aside, i. e. [[amiss]], [[wrong]], [[παραβαίνω]], [[παρακούω]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[comparison]], [[παραβάλλω]], [[παρατίθημι]].<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of [[change]], [[παραλλάσσω]], [[παράφημι]].