ante: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>antĕ</b>: (old form anti, [[whence]] [[antidea]], [[antideo]], [[antidhac]]; v. [[antea]], [[anteeo]], and [[antehac]]) [Gr. [[ἀντί]], [[over]] [[against]], [[facing]], [[ἄντα]], [[ἄντην]]; Sanscr. anti = [[over]] [[against]]; Germ. [[ant]]- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an [[answer]], anda-nahti, the [[night]] [[before]], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. [[Victor]]. p. 1953, as prep. [[with]] the [[grave]] [[accent]]; as adv. [[with]] the [[acute]] on the [[last]] syl.).<br /><b>I</b> Prep. [[with]] acc., [[before]] (syn.: [[prae]], pro).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[space]], or trop. in [[regard]] to [[estimation]], [[judgment]], or [[rank]] (usu. [[only]] of objects at [[rest]]. [[while]] [[prae]] is used of those in [[motion]]; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions [[infra]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[space]]: quem [[ante]] aedīs [[video]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136: [[ante]] [[ostium]] Me audivit [[stare]], Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5: Ornatas [[paulo]] [[ante]] fores, Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26: [[ante]] [[meum]] [[limen]], Juv. 11, 190: [[ante]] suum fundum, Cic. Mil. 10: ut [[ante]] suos hortulos [[postridie]] piscarentur, id. Off. 3, 14, 58: [[ante]] sepulcrales [[infelix]] adstitit aras, Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268: [[ante]] [[altaria]], id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24. —Of persons: [[ante]] hosce deos erant arulae, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3: quīs [[ante]] ora patrum contigit oppetere, Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477: ipsius unam (navem) [[ante]] oculos [[pontus]] in puppim ferit, id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773: [[ante]] se statuit funditores, Liv. 42, 58: Flos Asiae [[ante]] ipsum, Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2: si luditur [[alea]] [[pernox]] Ante Numantinos, Juv. 8, 11.—Trop.: [[ante]] oculos collocata, Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192: [[ante]] oculos errat [[domus]], Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: causam [[ante]] eum diceret, [[before]] him as [[judge]], Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9: [[donec]] stet [[ante]] judicium, Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.—And in eccl. Lat., [[after]] the Heb. and Hel. Gr., [[before]], in the [[sight]] of, in the [[judgment]] of: [[ante]] Dominum vilior fiam, Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.: non te justifices [[ante]] Deum, ib. Eccli. 7, 5: justi [[ambo]] [[ante]] Deum, ib. Luc. 1, 6; and [[fully]]: fecit Asa rectum [[ante]] conspectum Domini, ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.—Hence, homines [[ante]] [[pedes]] (in [[later]] Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators [[upon]] Juv. 7, 143.—With verbs of [[motion]]: [[ante]] me ito, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70: equitatum omnem [[ante]] se mittit, Caes. B. G. 1, 21: [[ante]] ceteras cohortes [[extra]] aciem procurrere, id. B. C. 1, 55: praecurrit [[ante]] omnes, id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop. of [[preference]] in [[judgment]], or regulations in [[respect]] to [[rank]], [[before]] (this is [[properly]] the [[signification]] of [[prae]], q. v.; [[hence]] [[more]] [[rare]] [[than]] [[that]], and [[never]] used by Cic.): quem [[ante]] me [[diligo]], [[before]] [[myself]], [[more]] [[than]] [[myself]], [[Balbus]] ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.—So [[ante]] aliquem esse, to [[surpass]], [[excel]] [[any]] one: facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos [[ante]] Romanos fuisse, Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz: tum me [[vero]] et [[ante]] Alexandrum et [[ante]] Pyrrhum et [[ante]] omnes alios imperatores esse, [[superior]] to, Liv. 35, 14: [[necessitas]] [[ante]] rationem est, [[necessity]] knows no [[law]], Curt. 7, 7, 10.—Hence [[very]] freq. ([[but]] [[mostly]] [[poet]]. and [[post]]-[[class]].),<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Ante alios, [[ante]] omnes, [[ante]] ceteros, etc., [[before]] others, [[before]] all, etc., to [[designate]] a [[comparative]] [[relation]]; also [[sometimes]], for the [[sake]] of [[emphasis]], [[with]] comparatives and superlatives: [[tibi]], [[Neptune]], [[ante]] alios deos gratias [[ago]], Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120: scito illum [[ante]] omnīs minumi mortalem preti, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8: tua [[ante]] omnes [[experientia]], Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9: Junoni [[ante]] omnīs candentis vaccae media [[inter]] cornua (pateram) fundit, Verg. A. 4, 59: Ipse est [[ante]] omnes, Vulg. Col. 1, 17: O [[felix]] una [[ante]] [[alias]] Priameïa [[virgo]], Verg. A. 3, 321: [[ante]] omnes [[furor]] est [[insignis]] equarum, id. G. 3, 266: scelere [[ante]] alios immanior omnīs, id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42: [[ante]] alios pulcherrimus omnīs [[Turnus]], Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Ante omnia.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Before all things, [[first]] of all: [[alvus]] [[ante]] omnia ducitur, Cels. 7, 30: [[oportet]] [[autem]] [[ante]] omnia os nudare, id. 8, 2: Ante omnia instituit, ut etc., Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21: Ante omnia [[autem]], fratres, etc., Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Comparatively, [[above]] all, [[especially]], chiefty: publica [[maestitia]] eo [[ante]] omnia [[insignis]], [[quia]] matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt, Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4: quae [[natura]] multis et [[ante]] omnia ursis, Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125: dulces [[ante]] omnia Musae, the Muses [[pleasing]] [[above]] all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72: deformem et taetrum [[ante]] omnia [[vultum]], Juv. 10, 191.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In entering [[upon]] the [[discussion]] of [[several]] particulars, or in adducing arguments, [[first]] of all, in the [[first]] [[place]] ([[similar]] to ac [[primum]] [[quidem]], καὶ πρῶτον μὲν οὖν; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4): [[ante]] omnia [[quid]] [[sit]] [[rhetorice]], Quint. 2, 15, 1: [[ante]] omnia [[igitur]] [[imitatio]] per se ipsa non sufficit, id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Of [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf. Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: [[ante]] lucem a portu me praemisisti domum, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22: [[ante]] diem [[caupo]] sciet, Juv. 9, 108: [[ante]] brumam, Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28: [[ante]] noctem, Hor. S. 1, 4, 51: pereundum erit [[ante]] lucernas, Juv. 10, 339: [[ante]] haec omnia, Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.— The [[designation]] of [[time]] is [[often]] expressed paraphrastically.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> By a [[person]] [[who]] lived at the [[time]]: jam [[ante]] Socratem, [[before]] the [[time]] of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44: qui [[honos]] togato [[habitus]] [[ante]] me est nemini, [[before]] me, [[before]] my [[time]], id. Cat. 4, 3: [[ante]] Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni, Verg. G. 1, 125: vixere fortes [[ante]] Agamemnona Multi, Hor. C. 4, 9, 25: [[ante]] Helenam, id. S. 1, 3, 107: [[ante]] se, Tac. H. 1, 50: [[quod]] [[ante]] eum [[nemo]], Suet. Caes. 26 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> By [[other]] objects pertaining to a [[particular]] [[time]]: [[ante]] hoc [[factum]], Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64: [[ante]] has meas litteras, i. e. [[before]] the [[receipt]] of this [[letter]], Cic. Fam. 13, 17: per hunc castissimum [[ante]] regiam injuriam sanguinem juro, Liv. 1, 59: [[ante]] [[mare]] et terras, et [[quod]] tegit omnia, [[caelum]], Ov. M. 1, 5: [[ante]] [[sidus]] fervidum, Hor. Epod. 1, 27: [[ante]] cibum, id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428: Hoc discunt omnes [[ante]] [[alpha]] et [[beta]], [[before]] [[their]] A B C, id. 14, 209: [[cur]] [[ante]] tubam [[tremor]] occupat [[artus]]? Verg. A. 11, 424: Tecum [[prius]] [[ergo]] [[voluta]] Haec [[ante]] tubas, Juv. 1, 169.—Also by the [[designation]] of the [[office]] of a [[person]]: [[ante]] aedilitatem meam, Cic. Att. 12, 17: [[ante]] [[sceptrum]] Dictaei regis, Verg. G. 2, 536: [[ante]] [[imperium]] ducis, Flor. 4, 2, 66: relictis multis filiis et in [[regno]] et [[ante]] [[regnum]] susceptis, Just. 2, 10.—And by the [[designation]] of [[office]] in app. to the [[person]]: [[mortuus]] est [[ante]] istum praetorem, Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115: docuerant fabulas [[ante]] hos consules, id. Brut. 18, 73: cum [[ante]] illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur, Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3: quos [[ante]] se imperatorem [[nemo]] [[ausus]] [[sit]] aspicere, id. Epam. 8, 3.—A [[part]]. perf. or fut. [[pass]]. is freq. added to [[such]] substantives for the [[sake]] of [[explanation]]: [[ante]] hanc urbem conditam, [[before]] the founding of this [[city]], Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. [[post]] urbem conditam): non [[multo]] [[ante]] urbem captam, id. Div. 1, 45: [[ante]] Epaminondam natum, Nep. Epam. 10, 4: [[ante]] te cognitum multis orantibus opem [[tuli]], Sall. J. 110, 2: [[ante]] decemviros creatos, Liv. 3, 53 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hence [[particular]] phrases.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Ante [[tempus]],<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Before the [[right]] [[time]]: [[ante]] [[tempus]] excitatis suis, Liv. 31, 36.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Before the appointed, [[proper]], or [[lawful]] [[time]]: [[factus]] est [[consul]] bis, [[primum]] [[ante]] [[tempus]], Cic. Lael. 3: honores et [[ante]] [[tempus]] et quosdam [[novi]] generis cepit, Suet. Aug. 26: venisti [[ante]] [[tempus]] torquere nos? Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. [[annus]], II. D.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Ante diem, [[poet]].,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Before the [[time]]: Caesaribus [[virtus]] contigit [[ante]] diem, Ov. A. A. 1, 184: [[ante]] diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales, Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Before the [[time]] [[destined]] by [[fate]]: [[filius]] [[ante]] diem patrios inquirit in annos, Ov. M. 1, 148: hic [[dolor]] [[ante]] diem Pandiona misit ad umbras, id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739: sed misera [[ante]] diem subitoque accensa furore, etc., Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: εἰ δὲ τοῦ χρόνου [[πρόσθεν]] [[θανοῦμαι]]). —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Ante hunc diem, [[with]] a [[negative]]: istunc hominem [[numquam]] audivi [[ante]] hunc diem, [[never]] [[before]] this [[day]], [[never]] [[until]] [[now]], Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7: [[neque]] [[umquam]] [[ante]] hunc diem, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23: [[Novum]] [[crimen]] et [[ante]] hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. [[Tubero]] detulit, Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: [[neque]] eum [[ante]] [[usquam]] conspexi [[prius]]). —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) [[with]] an ordinal [[number]] gives the [[date]], not of the foregoing, [[but]] of the [[present]] [[day]]; e. g. [[ante]] diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the [[fifth]] [[day]] [[before]] the calends of April. Orig. the [[ante]] belonged to Kalendas, and [[they]] said [[either]], [[ante]] [[die]] [[quinto]] Kalendas (i. e. [[die]] [[quinto]] [[ante]] Kalendas), or [[ante]] diem quintum Kalendas; the [[latter]] [[phraseology]] became the prevailing one, and [[ante]] diem, [[being]] considered as one [[word]], the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me [[ante]] diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the [[thirteenth]] [[before]] the calends of January, i. e. the 20th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: [[ante]] diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21st of Oct.: [[ante]] diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: [[ante]] diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. ([[ante]] diem [[quartum]] [[Idus]] Martias), i. e. the 12th of March, Liv. 40, 59: [[ante]] diem III. Non. Jan. M. [[Cicero]] [[natus]] est, i. e. on the 3d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.: in [[ante]] diem [[quartum]] Kal. Dec. distulit, Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in [[ante]] diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ex [[ante]] diem VII. Id. Febr., Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex [[ante]] diem Non. Jun. [[usque]] ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17: [[supplicatio]] indicta est [[ante]] diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo [[die]] in [[quinque]] [[dies]], Liv. 45, 2, 12.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes to [[designate]] the [[whole]] [[time]] [[until]] the [[passing]] [[moment]]: [[ante]] id [[tempus]] et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii, Nep. Arist. 2, 3: qui [[honos]] huic uni [[ante]] id [[tempus]] contigit, id. Timoth. 2, 3: [[invictus]] [[ante]] eam diem fuerat, Curt. 5, 3, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ante annos, [[before]] the [[destined]] [[time]]: Ante suos annos occidit, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46: Ante annos animumque [[gerens]] curamque virilem, [[beyond]] his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.: suos annos praeterire, Sil. 4, 428; and: annos transcendere factis, id. 2, 348). —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ante hoc, for [[antea]], [[antehac]], belongs to the [[later]] Latin: [[ante]] hoc incognita, Luc. 6, 116: [[ante]] hoc domūs [[pars]] videntur, Tac. G. 13.<br /><b>II</b> Adv., of [[space]] and [[time]] (the [[latter]] [[most]] freq.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Of [[space]], [[before]], in [[front]], forwards: [[post]] me erat [[Aegina]], [[ante]] [[Megara]], Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9: [[fluvius]] ab [[tergo]], [[ante]] circaque [[velut]] [[ripa]] [[praeceps]] oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5: coronatus stabit et [[ante]] [[calix]], Tib. 2, 5, 98: plena oculis et [[ante]] et [[retro]], Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.—Of [[motion]] (cf. [[supra]], I. A. 1.): si aut manibus ingrediatur [[quis]] aut non [[ante]], sed [[retro]], Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35: pallida [[Tisiphone]] morbos agit [[ante]] metumque, Verg. G. 3, 552.—<br /> Of [[time]], [[before]], [[previously]] ([[always]] in [[reference]] to [[another]] [[past]] [[time]], [[while]] [[ante]] as prep. is used in [[reference]] to the [[present]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> With verbs: [[nonne]] oportuit Praescīsse me [[ante]], Ter. And. 1, 5, 4: id te oro, ut [[ante]] eamus, id. ib. 3, 3, 24; [[very]] freq. in Cic.: [[quod]] [[utinam]] [[illi]] [[ante]] accidisset, Cic. Phil. 11, 14: quae [[ante]] [[acta]] sunt, id. Verr. 1, 109: [[sicut]] [[ante]] fecimus, Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20: [[fructus]] [[omnis]] [[ante]] actae vitae, Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16: [[apud]] vos [[ante]] feci mentionem, Cic. Agr. 3, 4: faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis [[ante]] [[factum]], id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320: illud de quo [[ante]] dixi, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116: quos [[ante]] dixi, id. Off. 2, 14, 50: ut [[ante]] dixi, id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45: quem ad modum [[ante]] dixi, id. Sex. Rosc. 91: additis, quae [[ante]] deliquerant, Tac. A. 6, 9: filium [[ante]] sublatum brevi amisit, id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.—And [[often]] accomp. by jam: acceperam jam [[ante]] Caesaris litteras, ut etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.—Rarely accomp. by [[saepe]].: ut [[saepe]] [[ante]] fecerant, Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Rarely [[with]] adjj.: non [[filius]] [[ante]] [[pudicus]], Juv. 3, 111: quos acciverat, [[incertum]], [[experiens]] an et [[ante]] gnavos, Tac. A. 14, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Often [[with]] substt. in the abl. or acc. for a [[more]] [[accurate]] [[designation]] of [[time]] (cf. also [[abhinc]] [[with]] the abl. and acc.; in these cases [[ante]] [[was]] considered by the [[ancient]] critics as a prep., [[which]] could also [[govern]] the abl.; cf. [[Charis]]. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The [[position]] of [[ante]] is [[sometimes]] [[before]] and [[sometimes]] [[after]] the subst., and [[sometimes]] [[between]] the [[numeral]] and the subst.): illos [[septem]] et multis [[ante]] saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7: [[etsi]] perpaucis [[ante]] diebus (i. e. [[before]] the [[departure]] of [[Theophilus]], of whom [[mention]] is [[afterwards]] made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te, id. Fam. 4, 9: paucis diebus [[ante]], id. Phil. 2, 40: [[viginti]] annis [[ante]], id. Lael. 12, 42: voverat eam annis [[undecim]] [[ante]], Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51: quae [[bello]] Ligustico [[ante]] annis [[octo]] vovisset): optimum erit [[ante]] annum scrobes facere, a [[year]] [[before]], Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7: Tyron urbem [[ante]] annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt, a [[year]] [[before]] the [[fall]] of [[Troy]], Just. 18, 3, 5: [[ante]] [[quadriennium]] [[amissus]] es, [[four]] years [[previously]], Tac. Agr. 45: [[aliquot]] [[ante]] annos, Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> With the advv. [[multo]], [[paulo]], [[aliquanto]], tanto, [[quanto]], and [[rarely]] permultum: [[multo]] [[ante]] prospexi tempestatem futuram, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3: [[haud]] [[multo]] [[ante]] adventum, Tac. Agr. 18.—And in the [[order]] [[ante]] [[multo]]: [[ante]] [[multo]] a te didicerimus, Cic. Sen. 2, 6: Venisti [[paulo]] [[ante]] in senatum, id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30; 6, 29 et saep.—And in the [[order]] [[ante]] [[paulo]]: quae [[ante]] [[paulo]] perbreviter attigi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: [[profectus]] est [[aliquanto]] [[ante]] furorem Catilinae, id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.—And in the [[order]] [[ante]] [[aliquanto]]: [[ante]] [[aliquanto]] [[quam]] tu [[natus]] es, Cic. Fam. 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46: tanto [[ante]] praedixeras, id. Phil. 2, 33: [[quod]] si [[Cleomenes]] non tanto [[ante]] fugisset, id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28: [[quanto]] [[ante]] providerit, Cic. Sest. 8: permultum [[ante]] certior [[factus]] eram litteris, id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Followed by [[quam]] (written also as one [[word]], [[antequam]]; the form [[prius]] [[quam]] [[was]] [[more]] freq. in archaic Latin), [[sooner]] [[than]]; [[before]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> With ind. pres.: [[ante]] [[quam]] [[doceo]] id [[factum]] non esse, [[libet]] mihi, Cic. Quinct. 48: [[ante]] [[quam]] ad sententiam [[redeo]], de me pauca dicam, id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> With ind. perf.: [[memini]] Catonem [[anno]] [[ante]] [[quam]] est [[mortuus]] [[mecum]] disserere, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: [[anno]] ipso [[ante]] [[quam]] [[natus]] est [[Ennius]], id. Brut. 18, 72: [[ante]] [[aliquanto]] [[quam]] tu [[natus]] es, id. Fam. 10, 3: [[neque]] [[ante]] dimisit eum [[quam]] fidem dedit, Liv. 39, 10: [[ante]] [[quam]] [[ille]] est [[factus]] [[inimicus]], Cic. Phil. 12, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Rarely [[with]] fut. perf.: [[ante]] provinciam sibi decretam audiet [[quam]] potuerit [[tempus]] ei rei datum suspicari, Cic. Phil. 11, 24: [[neque]] defatigabor [[ante]] [[quam]] ... percepero, id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> With subj. pres.: [[ante]] [[quam]] veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet, Cic. Agr. 2, 53: hac lege [[ante]] omnia veniunt, [[quam]] [[gleba]] una ematur, id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> With subj. imperf.: Romae et ad urbem, [[ante]] [[quam]] proficisceretur, quaerere coepit, Cic. Verr. 2, 167: qui (sol) [[ante]] [[quam]] se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium, id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>f</b> With subj. perf.: [[ante]] [[vero]] [[quam]] [[sit]] ea res adlata, laetitiā frui [[satis]] est, Cic. Phil. 14, 1: domesticum [[malum]] opprimit [[ante]] [[quam]] prospicere potueris, id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40: nec [[ante]] vincere desierint [[quam]] Rubro mari inclusis [[quod]] vincerent defuerit, Liv. 42, 52: nec [[ante]] (barbam capillumque) dempserit [[quam]] vindicāsset, Suet. Caes. 67.—<br /> With subj. pluperf.: se [[ante]] [[quam]] eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc., Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71: qui [[ante]] [[quam]] de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi, Cic. Planc. 98: ut [[consul]] [[ante]] fieret, [[quam]] ullum [[alium]] magistratum capere licuisset, id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.—<br /> With inf.: dici vix potest [[quam]] [[multa]] sint quae respondeatis [[ante]] fieri oportere, [[quam]] ad hanc rationem devenire, Cic. Quinct. 54.—<br /> With [[part]].: armati nullum [[ante]] finem pugnae [[quam]] morientes fecerunt, Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the [[use]] of these [[different]] constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.; and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621). —In the poets [[sometimes]] [[with]] [[quam]] [[before]] [[ante]]: Respice [[item]] [[quam]] nil ad nos anteacta [[vetustas]] Temporis aeterni fuerit, [[quam]] nascimur [[ante]], Lucr. 3, 972: Non ego signatis [[quicquam]] mandare tabellis, Ne legat id [[nemo]] [[quam]] [[meus]] [[ante]], velim, Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.—Also in the poets [[sometimes]] pleon. [[ante]]—[[prius]]—[[quam]]: sed mihi vel [[tellus]] optem [[prius]] ima dehiscat Ante, [[pudor]], [[quam]] te [[violo]] aut tua jura [[resolvo]], Verg. A. 4, 24; so, [[prius]]—[[quam]]— [[ante]]: Aut [[prius]] infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima [[quam]] metam triverit [[ante]] [[rota]]? Prop. 3, 20, 25.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For the [[designation]] of [[order]], foll. by tum, [[deinde]], etc., [[first]], in the [[first]] [[place]] ([[only]] in [[later]] Lat. for the [[class]]. [[primum]]): ut [[ante]] [[caput]], [[deinde]] reliqua [[pars]] auferatur, Cels. 7, 29: et [[ante]] dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc., id. 5, 26: [[ante]] tonderi ... [[deinde]] ... tum, etc., id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Very [[rarely]] used as adj. (in [[imitation]] of the Greek): [[neque]] [[enim]] ignari sumus [[ante]] malorum, earlier, [[previous]] ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. τῶν [[πάρος]] κακῶν, Soph. O. T. 1423): [[ille]] elegit, qui recipit [[ante]] meliorem, Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this [[use]] of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).<br /><b>III</b> In [[composition]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Of [[space]], [[before]], in [[front]] of, forwards: [[antepono]], antefigo, [[antefero]], [[antemitto]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Fig. of [[preference]], [[before]], [[above]]: [[antepono]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Of [[degree]], [[before]], [[above]], [[more]]: [[antepotens]], antepollens—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> In designations of [[time]] [[only]] [[with]] adjj. and advv.: [[antelucanus]], [[antemeridianus]], [[antehac]], [[antelucio]].With verbs, [[ante]] is [[more]] [[correctly]] written [[separately]]: [[ante]] [[actus]], [[ante]] [[factus]], [[ante]] [[gestus]], [[ante]] [[paro]], etc., [[although]] editions [[differ]] in this [[respect]]. V. [[more]] [[upon]] this [[word]] in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.