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|lnetxt=frenum freni N N :: [[brake]]<br />frenum frenum freni N N :: bridle, harness/reins/bit; harnessed horses/team; check/restraint/curb; mastery | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>frēnum</b>: or fraenum, i, n., and [[more]] freq. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 567; and<br /><b>I</b><br /> v. [[infra]]), plur. heterocl. frēni, ōrum, m., and [[mostly]] [[poet]]. frēna, ōrum, n. [[root]] dhar-; Sanscr. dhar-ā-mi, [[hold]], [[support]]; Gr. θρα-, in [[θρῆνυς]], [[θρόνος]]; Lat. frētus, a [[bridle]], [[curb]], [[bit]] (syn.: lupi, lupata).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>(a)</b> Plur.: aurei [[freni]], Curt. 4, 13 med.; so nom. [[freni]], id. 7, 10 fin.; cf. under II.; acc. frena, Verg. A. 4, 135; 5, 818; Ov. M. 15, 519; id. Am. 3, 4, 16: non [[domito]] frenos [[ore]] momordit [[equus]], Tib. 1, 3, 42; so, frenos: [[equus]], [[equa]], quae frenos recipere solet, Cic. Top. 8, 36; Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 12; Verg. G. 3, 184; Liv. 1, 48, 6; Sen. Tranq. 15 fin. al.: moderarier hunc (equum) frenis, Lucr. 5, 1298; so, frenis, id. 5, 1317; Verg. A. 11, 719; 889; 12, 372; Hor. S. 1, 1, 91; Ov. M. 5, 643; Liv. 1, 14 fin.: equum cogere frenos pati, Phaedr. 4, 3, 9: frenos et [[strata]] equorum Pelethronium (invenisse), Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 et saep.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Sing.: frenumque ([[equus]]) recepit, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 36: non [[frenum]] depulit [[ore]], id. ib. 1, 10, 38.—<br /> <b>b</b> Prov.: [[frenum]] mordere, to [[take]] the [[bit]] in one's teeth, i. e. to [[offer]] [[opposition]], to [[resist]]: si [[frenum]] momorderis peream, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 23, 2; cf.: sed ut mones, [[frenum]] momordi, Cic. ib. 11, 24, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> Like [[our]] terms [[bridle]] and [[curb]], i. q. [[means]] of [[guiding]] or governing, [[restraint]], [[check]], [[limit]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Plur.: rerum [[freni]], the [[reins]] of [[dominion]], Sil. 1, 240: [[freni]] sunt injecti [[vobis]], [[Quirites]], nullo [[modo]] perpetiendi: alligati et constricti estis amaro [[vinculo]] servitutis, Val. Max. 2, 9, 5; cf.: [[freni]] domitarum gentium, Curt. 7, 10 fin.: ne Lycurgi [[quidem]] [[disciplina]] tenuit illos in hominibus Graecis frenos, Cic. Rep. 2, 33: ut Isocratem in acerrimo ingenio Theopompi et lenissimo Ephori dixisse traditum est, alteri se calcaria adhibere, alteri frenos, id. Brut. 56, 204: Mutinam [[illi]] exsultanti [[tamquam]] frenos furoris injecit, id. Phil. 13, 9, 20: [[date]] frenos impotenti naturae et indomito animali, [[give]] the [[reins]] to, [[allow]] [[full]] [[scope]] to, Liv. 34, 2, 13; so, frenos furentibus ira Laxat, Luc. 7, 125: impone felicitati tuae frenos, [[put]] on, Curt. 7, 8 fin.: imperii frena [[tenere]] sui, Ov. Tr. 2, 42: frena imperii moderari, id. P. 2, 9, 33: capere, id. ib. 4, 13, 27: frena licentiae inicere, Hor. C. 4, 15, 10: [[pone]] irae frena modumque, Pone et avaritiae, Juv. 8, 88: subiit leges et frena momordit Ille [[solutus]] [[amor]], i. e. submitted to, Stat. S. 1, 2, 28: [[quod]] dicebat [[Isocrates]], se calcaribus in Ephoro, [[contra]] [[autem]] in Theopompo frenis uti solere, Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 36; Quint. 2, 8, 11; cf. [[above]] the [[passage]] Cic. Brut. 56, 204: [[alter]], uti dixit [[Isocrates]] in Ephoro et Theopompo, frenis eget, [[alter]] calcaribus, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: non [[solum]] frenis sed [[etiam]] jugo [[accepto]], Liv. 37, 36, 5: animum rege: qui [[nisi]] paret, Imperat: hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce catenā, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 63: jam vaga prosiliet frenis [[natura]] remotis, id. S. 2, 7, 74.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Sing.: ni [[frenum]] accipere et victi parere fatentur, Verg. A. 12, 568: voluptates [[tenere]] sub [[freno]], Sen. Ep. 23 med.—<br /> <b>B</b> Poet., [[horse]], [[steed]], [[charger]]: [[eques]] [[aptus]] frenis, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 19: portarumque moras frenis assultat et hastis, Stat. Th. 11, 243.—<br /> <b>C</b> In gen.<br /> <b>1</b> That [[which]] holds things [[together]], a [[band]] ([[post]]-Aug. and [[rare]]): absiliunt pontes tectique trementis Saxea frena labant, etc., the [[stone]] bands, ties, Stat. Th. 10, 880.—<br /> <b>2</b> In anatomy: [[frenum]], the [[ligament]] [[which]] attaches the [[inside]] of the foreskin to the [[glans]], Cels. 7, 25, 2. | |lshtext=<b>frēnum</b>: or fraenum, i, n., and [[more]] freq. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 567; and<br /><b>I</b><br /> v. [[infra]]), plur. heterocl. frēni, ōrum, m., and [[mostly]] [[poet]]. frēna, ōrum, n. [[root]] dhar-; Sanscr. dhar-ā-mi, [[hold]], [[support]]; Gr. θρα-, in [[θρῆνυς]], [[θρόνος]]; Lat. frētus, a [[bridle]], [[curb]], [[bit]] (syn.: lupi, lupata).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>(a)</b> Plur.: aurei [[freni]], Curt. 4, 13 med.; so nom. [[freni]], id. 7, 10 fin.; cf. under II.; acc. frena, Verg. A. 4, 135; 5, 818; Ov. M. 15, 519; id. Am. 3, 4, 16: non [[domito]] frenos [[ore]] momordit [[equus]], Tib. 1, 3, 42; so, frenos: [[equus]], [[equa]], quae frenos recipere solet, Cic. Top. 8, 36; Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 12; Verg. G. 3, 184; Liv. 1, 48, 6; Sen. Tranq. 15 fin. al.: moderarier hunc (equum) frenis, Lucr. 5, 1298; so, frenis, id. 5, 1317; Verg. A. 11, 719; 889; 12, 372; Hor. S. 1, 1, 91; Ov. M. 5, 643; Liv. 1, 14 fin.: equum cogere frenos pati, Phaedr. 4, 3, 9: frenos et [[strata]] equorum Pelethronium (invenisse), Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 et saep.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Sing.: frenumque ([[equus]]) recepit, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 36: non [[frenum]] depulit [[ore]], id. ib. 1, 10, 38.—<br /> <b>b</b> Prov.: [[frenum]] mordere, to [[take]] the [[bit]] in one's teeth, i. e. to [[offer]] [[opposition]], to [[resist]]: si [[frenum]] momorderis peream, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 23, 2; cf.: sed ut mones, [[frenum]] momordi, Cic. ib. 11, 24, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> Like [[our]] terms [[bridle]] and [[curb]], i. q. [[means]] of [[guiding]] or governing, [[restraint]], [[check]], [[limit]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Plur.: rerum [[freni]], the [[reins]] of [[dominion]], Sil. 1, 240: [[freni]] sunt injecti [[vobis]], [[Quirites]], nullo [[modo]] perpetiendi: alligati et constricti estis amaro [[vinculo]] servitutis, Val. Max. 2, 9, 5; cf.: [[freni]] domitarum gentium, Curt. 7, 10 fin.: ne Lycurgi [[quidem]] [[disciplina]] tenuit illos in hominibus Graecis frenos, Cic. Rep. 2, 33: ut Isocratem in acerrimo ingenio Theopompi et lenissimo Ephori dixisse traditum est, alteri se calcaria adhibere, alteri frenos, id. Brut. 56, 204: Mutinam [[illi]] exsultanti [[tamquam]] frenos furoris injecit, id. Phil. 13, 9, 20: [[date]] frenos impotenti naturae et indomito animali, [[give]] the [[reins]] to, [[allow]] [[full]] [[scope]] to, Liv. 34, 2, 13; so, frenos furentibus ira Laxat, Luc. 7, 125: impone felicitati tuae frenos, [[put]] on, Curt. 7, 8 fin.: imperii frena [[tenere]] sui, Ov. Tr. 2, 42: frena imperii moderari, id. P. 2, 9, 33: capere, id. ib. 4, 13, 27: frena licentiae inicere, Hor. C. 4, 15, 10: [[pone]] irae frena modumque, Pone et avaritiae, Juv. 8, 88: subiit leges et frena momordit Ille [[solutus]] [[amor]], i. e. submitted to, Stat. S. 1, 2, 28: [[quod]] dicebat [[Isocrates]], se calcaribus in Ephoro, [[contra]] [[autem]] in Theopompo frenis uti solere, Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 36; Quint. 2, 8, 11; cf. [[above]] the [[passage]] Cic. Brut. 56, 204: [[alter]], uti dixit [[Isocrates]] in Ephoro et Theopompo, frenis eget, [[alter]] calcaribus, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: non [[solum]] frenis sed [[etiam]] jugo [[accepto]], Liv. 37, 36, 5: animum rege: qui [[nisi]] paret, Imperat: hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce catenā, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 63: jam vaga prosiliet frenis [[natura]] remotis, id. S. 2, 7, 74.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Sing.: ni [[frenum]] accipere et victi parere fatentur, Verg. A. 12, 568: voluptates [[tenere]] sub [[freno]], Sen. Ep. 23 med.—<br /> <b>B</b> Poet., [[horse]], [[steed]], [[charger]]: [[eques]] [[aptus]] frenis, Prop. 4 (5), 10, 19: portarumque moras frenis assultat et hastis, Stat. Th. 11, 243.—<br /> <b>C</b> In gen.<br /> <b>1</b> That [[which]] holds things [[together]], a [[band]] ([[post]]-Aug. and [[rare]]): absiliunt pontes tectique trementis Saxea frena labant, etc., the [[stone]] bands, ties, Stat. Th. 10, 880.—<br /> <b>2</b> In anatomy: [[frenum]], the [[ligament]] [[which]] attaches the [[inside]] of the foreskin to the [[glans]], Cels. 7, 25, 2. | ||
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{{Gaffiot | {{Gaffiot | ||
|gf=<b>frēnum</b>,⁹ ī, n., pl. <b>-na</b>, ōrum, n., et <b>-nī</b>, ōrum, m., frein, [[mors]] : Cic. Top. 36 || [prov.] [[frenum]] mordere Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1, prendre le [[mors]] aux dents ; mais frena momordit Stat. S. 1, 2, 28, il se soumit [il rongea son frein] ; frenos adhibere alicui Cic. Br. 204, employer le frein pour qqn || [fig.] : date frenos Liv. 34, 2, 13, lâchez les rênes, la bride ; frena injicere, ponere Hor. O. 4, 15, 10 ; Juv. 8, 88, mettre un frein ; frenis egere Cic. Att. 6, 1, 12, avoir besoin du frein || [poét.] chevaux, attelage : Stat. Th. 11, 243 || [[lien]], attache : Stat. Th. 10, 880.||[prov.] [[frenum]] mordere Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1, prendre le [[mors]] aux dents ; mais frena momordit Stat. S. 1, 2, 28, il se soumit [il rongea son frein] ; frenos adhibere alicui Cic. Br. 204, employer le frein pour qqn||[fig.] : date frenos Liv. 34, 2, 13, lâchez les rênes, la bride ; frena injicere, ponere Hor. O. 4, 15, 10 ; Juv. 8, 88, mettre un frein ; frenis egere Cic. Att. 6, 1, 12, avoir besoin du frein||[poét.] chevaux, attelage : Stat. Th. 11, 243||[[lien]], attache : Stat. Th. 10, 880. | |gf=<b>frēnum</b>,⁹ ī, n., pl. <b>-na</b>, ōrum, n., et <b>-nī</b>, ōrum, m., frein, [[mors]] : Cic. Top. 36 || [prov.] [[frenum]] mordere Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1, prendre le [[mors]] aux dents ; mais frena momordit Stat. S. 1, 2, 28, il se soumit [il rongea son frein] ; frenos adhibere alicui Cic. Br. 204, employer le frein pour qqn || [fig.] : date frenos Liv. 34, 2, 13, lâchez les rênes, la bride ; frena injicere, ponere Hor. O. 4, 15, 10 ; Juv. 8, 88, mettre un frein ; frenis egere Cic. Att. 6, 1, 12, avoir besoin du frein || [poét.] chevaux, attelage : Stat. Th. 11, 243 || [[lien]], attache : Stat. Th. 10, 880.||[prov.] [[frenum]] mordere Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1, prendre le [[mors]] aux dents ; mais frena momordit Stat. S. 1, 2, 28, il se soumit [il rongea son frein] ; frenos adhibere alicui Cic. Br. 204, employer le frein pour qqn||[fig.] : date frenos Liv. 34, 2, 13, lâchez les rênes, la bride ; frena injicere, ponere Hor. O. 4, 15, 10 ; Juv. 8, 88, mettre un frein ; frenis egere Cic. Att. 6, 1, 12, avoir besoin du frein||[poét.] chevaux, attelage : Stat. Th. 11, 243||[[lien]], attache : Stat. Th. 10, 880. | ||
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{{Georges | |||
|georg=frēnum, ī, n., Plur., frēna, ōrum, n., u. frēnī, ōrum, m. ([[frendo]]), das [[Gebiß]], der [[Zaum]], der [[Zügel]], I) eig. u. meton.: A) eig.: [[frenum]] mulare, Edict. Diocl.: [[frenum]] equestre cum salibario ([[Gebiß]]) instructum, Edict. Diocl.: aurei [[freni]], Sen.: frena caelata, Apul.: frena remittere, [[schießen]] [[lassen]], [[verhängen]], Ov.: [[ebenso]] frena dare, Ov.: frenos inhibere, [[anziehen]], Liv. – im Bilde, frena imperii, [[Zügel]] ([[Leitung]]) der [[Regierung]], Ov.: frenos dare impotenti naturae, die [[Zügel]] [[schießen]] [[lassen]], Liv.: alci frenos adhibere, [[zügeln]], [[zurückhalten]] (Ggstz. [[calcaria]] alci adhibere, [[anspornen]]), Cic.: u. so temeritati frenos inicere, ignaviae subducere [[calcar]], Sen.: frena addere feroci viro, [[zügeln]], Sil.: irae frena ponere, seinen [[Zorn]] [[zügeln]], Iuven.: voluptati frenos imponere, Lact.; u. so [[neque]] irato [[mihi]] habenas [[dedi]] [[umquam]] [[neque]] cupiditati [[non]] [[imposui]] frenos, [[Varro]] [[sat]]. Men. 177: voluptates [[sub]] [[freno]] [[tenere]], Sen.: libidinibus frena permittere, Lact.: frena liberalitatis laxare, [[Hieron]].: linguae frena relaxare, der Z. [[freien]] [[Lauf]] [[lassen]], Gregor. M.: frena pudoris rumpere, Prop.: [[frenum]] od. frenos mordere, in den [[Zaum]] [[knirschen]], seinen Gegnern die Zähne [[weisen]] (= [[sich]] [[nicht]] [[unterdrücken]] [[lassen]] [[wollen]]), Cic. u. Sen.; [[aber]] frena mordere, den [[Zaum]] [[annehmen]], -[[sich]] [[gefallen]] [[lassen]], Stat.: [[frenum]] accipere ([[annehmen]], [[sich]] [[gefallen]] [[lassen]]), Verg. u. Liv.: u. so frenos recipere, Cic.: [[freni]] sunt iniecti [[vobis]], [[Quirites]], [[nullo]] [[modo]] perpetiendi, Val. Max.: [[quamdiu]] sciet ferre frenos, quos si [[quando]] abruperit [[vel]] [[aliquo]] casu discussos reponi [[sibi]] [[passus]] [[non]] erit, Sen. de clem. 1, 4, 2: abrumpet frenos [[pudicitia]], Sen. de ben. 1, 10, 2. – B) meton., frena = gezäumte Rosse, [[Gespann]], Stat. Theb. 11, 244: Phaëthontia, Sil. 10, 540. – II) übtr.: 1) das [[Band]], die [[Zusammenfügung]], tecti trementis saxea frena labant, die Bänder, Fugen, Stat. Theb. 10, 880. – insbes. [[als]] mediz. t. t., [[frenum]] = das Bändchen, [[womit]] die [[innere]] Vorhaut an der Eichel haftet, Cels. 7, 25. no. 2. – 2) [[freni]], [[wie]] griech. χαλινοί, Quint. 1, 1, 37, [[als]] rhet. t. t., [[sehr]] [[hart]] [[untereinander]] zusammenstoßende Buchstaben od. Silben, Mart. Cap. 5. § 514 u. § 518. – /In [[Prosa]] scheint der Nom. Plur. [[freni]] u. Akk. Plur. frenos üblicher [[gewesen]] zu [[sein]] [[als]] frena, s. [[für]] den Nom. Sen. ep. 41, 6; de [[ira]] 1, 7, 4. Curt. 3, 13 (34), 10; 7, 10 (40), 16. Val. Max. 2, 9, 5 ([[auch]] Sil. 1, 240): [[für]] den Akk. in eig. Bed. Cic. top. 36. Liv. 1, 48, 6; in bildl. Bed. [[oft]] [[bei]] Cic., Liv. u.a. Vgl. [[Neue]]-Wagener Formenl.<sup>3</sup> 1, 815 f. u. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 287. | |||
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|trtx====[[bit]]=== | |||
Armenian: սանձ, լկամ; Old Armenian: դանդանաւանդ; Bulgarian: захапка; Catalan: mos; Chinese Mandarin: [[馬銜]], [[马衔]]; Czech: udidlo; Dutch: [[bit]]; Esperanto: mordaĵo; Estonian: suurauad; Finnish: kuolain, kuolaimet; French: [[mors]]; Old French: frain; Galician: freo, bocado; German: [[Gebiss]], [[Mundstück]]; Greek: [[στομίδα]]; Ancient Greek: [[χάλιννος]], [[χαλινός]]; Hungarian: zabla; Ingrian: varukset; Irish: béalbhach; Italian: [[morso]], [[freno]]; Japanese: 馬銜, 轡; Khmer: បង្ខាំ; Korean: 재갈; Kyrgyz: бөлүк, бөлүкчө, кесинди, кесек, кесим, тилке, тилим, үзүм, чагым, тешкич, көзөч бургу, ооздук, ачкычтын урчугу, мүштөк, мундштук; Latin: [[frenum]]; Latvian: laužņi, mutes dzelži; Lithuanian: žąslai; Macedonian: ѓем, џем, жвал; Maori: piti; Mongolian: амгай; Norman: mors; Norwegian Bokmål: bitt, bissel; Occitan: fren; Old Norse: beizl, beizla; Ottoman Turkish: كم; Polish: wędzidło; Portuguese: [[bocado]], [[bocal]], [[morso]], [[freio]]; Romanian: frâu, zăbală; Russian: [[удила]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: жва̏ла, жва̏ле; Roman: žvȁla, žvȁle; Spanish: [[bocado]]; Swahili: charaza; Swedish: bett; Turkish: gem, oyan; Ukrainian: вудила | |||
===[[bridle]]=== | |||
Albanian: gjem, fre; Amharic: ልጓም; Arabic: لِجَام, صُرْع, عِنَان; Egyptian Arabic: لجام; Armenian: սանձ; Aromanian: fãrnu, frãn; Azerbaijani: yüyən, cilov; Bashkir: йүгән; Belarusian: вуздэчка; Bengali: লাগাম; Bulgarian: юзда; Burmese: ဇက်ခွံ့; Catalan: brida; Chinese Mandarin: [[轡]], [[辔]], [[轡頭]], [[辔头]], [[馬籠頭]], [[马笼头]]; Chuvash: йӗвен; Cimbrian: brittel; Czech: uzda; Dalmatian: braina; Danish: bidsel; Dutch: [[hoofdstel]], [[toom]]; Esperanto: brido; Estonian: valjad; Faroese: boksl; Finnish: suitset, päitset; French: [[bride]]; Friulian: brene; Galician: brida, freo; Georgian: აღვირი, ლაგამი; German: [[Zaumzeug]], [[Zaum]]; Greek: [[γκέμι]], [[χαλινάρι]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀμπυκτήρ]], [[ἡνία]], [[χάλιννος]], [[χαλινός]]; Gujarati: લગામ; Hebrew: רֶסֶן; Hindi: लगाम; Hungarian: kantár; Icelandic: beisli; Ido: brido; Indonesian: kekang; Irish: srian; Italian: [[briglia]]; Japanese: 手綱; Kazakh: жүген; Khmer: បង្ហៀរ; Korean: 굴레, 고삐; Kurdish Central Kurdish: لْغاو; Northern Kurdish: dizgîn, liwan, lixav; Southern Kurdish: لْغاو; Kyrgyz: жүгөн; Lao: ແຄ່ມ, ໃຫຍ້; Latin: [[frenum]], [[aurea]]; Latvian: iemaukti; Lithuanian: kamanos; Macedonian: узда; Malay: kekang; Malayalam: കടിഞ്ഞാൺ; Maltese: lġiem; Manchu: ᡥᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠ; Maori: paraire, paraehe; Mongolian Cyrillic: хазаар; Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ; Norman: bridot; Norwegian Bokmål: bissel, hodelag; Nynorsk: beisel, hovudlag; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: оузда; Old East Slavic: узда; Old English: brīdel; Ottoman Turkish: اویان; Pashto: لگام; Persian: لگام, لجام, عنان; Polish: uzda, ogłowie, tranzelka; Portuguese: [[brida]]; Punjabi: ਲਗਾਮ; Romanian: frâu, hăț; Russian: [[узда]], [[уздечка]]; Sardinian: frenu; Scottish Gaelic: srian; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: узде; Roman: uzde; Slovak: uzda; Slovene: uzda; Southern Altai: ӱйген, ӱгӧн; Spanish: [[brida]]; Swahili: hatamu; Swedish: betsel; Tajik: ҷилав, лаҷом, инон; Tatar: йөгән; Telugu: కళ్లెము; Thai: ขลุม, บังเหียน; Tigrinya: ልጓም; Turkish: dizgin, yular; Turkmen: jylaw; Ukrainian: вуздечка; Urdu: لَگام; Uyghur: يۈگەن, تىزگىن; Uzbek: yugan, jugan; Vietnamese: cương ngựa, cương; Vilamovian: caum; Welsh: ffrwyn; Yakut: үүн | |||
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