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παράκλητος: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=paraklitos | |Transliteration C=paraklitos | ||
|Beta Code=para/klhtos | |Beta Code=para/klhtos | ||
|Definition= | |Definition=παράκλητον,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[called to one's aid]], in a [[court]] of [[justice]]: as [[substantive]], [[legal]] [[assistant]], [[advocate]], D.19.1, Lycurg. ''Fr.''102, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[summoned]], δοῦλοι D.C.46.20, cf. ''BGU''601.12 (ii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[intercessor]], Ph.2.520: hence in [[NT]], [[Παράκλητος]], [[Paraclete]], [[paracletus]], of the [[Holy Spirit]], ''Ev.Jo.''14.16, cf. ''1 Ep.Jo.''2.1. | ||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0483.png Seite 483]] zu Hülfe gerufen, hülfreich, bes. vor Gericht, advocatus, als subst. Sachwalter, Dem. 19, 1; auch der für Einen bittet, Sp., vgl. D. L. 4, 50; N. T. | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0483.png Seite 483]] [[zu Hülfe gerufen]], [[hülfreich]], bes. vor Gericht, [[advocatus]], als subst. [[Sachwalter]], Dem. 19, 1; auch der für Einen bittet, Sp., vgl. D. L. 4, 50; [[NT|N.T.]] | ||
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{{ | {{bailly | ||
| | |btext=ος, ον :<br />[[qu'on appelle à son secours]] ; ὁ [[παράκλητος]] [[avocat]], [[défenseur]] (<i>lat.</i> [[advocatus]]);<br />[[NT]]: [[intercesseur]], [[consolateur]], le [[Paraclet]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[παρακαλέω]]. | ||
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{{elnl | |||
|elnltext=παράκλητος -ον [παρακαλέω] [[te hulp geroepen]]; subst. ὁ π. [[aanhanger]], [[supporter]]; christ. [[helper]], [[pleitbezorger]]; [[vertrooster]]:. ὁ δὲ παράκλητος, τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον de [[pleitbezorger]], de Heilige Geest NT Io. 14.26. | |||
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{{ | {{elru | ||
| | |elrutext='''παράκλητος:''' ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[защитник]], [[правозаступник]], [[заступник]] Dem.;<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[утешитель]] NT. | ||
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{{StrongGR | {{StrongGR | ||
|strgr=an [[intercessor]], consoler: [[advocate]], comforter. | |strgr=an [[intercessor]], [[consoler]]: [[advocate]], [[comforter]]. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Thayer | {{Thayer | ||
|txtha=παρακλητου, ὁ ([[παρακαλέω]]), [[properly]], summoned, called to [[one]]'s [[side]], [[especially]] called to [[one]]'s [[aid]]; [[hence]],<br /><b class="num">1.</b> "[[one]] [[who]] pleads [[another]]'s [[cause]] [[before]] a Judges , a [[pleader]], [[counsel]] for defense, [[legal]] [[assistant]]; an [[advocate]]": [[Demosthenes]], p. 341,11; ([[Diogenes]] Laërtius 4,50, cf. [[Dio]] Cassius, 46,20.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[universally]], [[one]] [[who]] pleads [[another]]'s [[cause]] [[with]] [[one]], an [[intercessor]]: [[Philo]], de mund. opif. § 59; de Josepho § 40; in Flaccum §§ 3,4; so of Christ, in his [[exaltation]] at God's [[right]] [[hand]], [[pleading]] [[with]] God the Father for the [[pardon]] of [[our]] sins, [[Philo]], vita Moys. iii. § 14).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in the widest [[sense]], a [[helper]], succorer, [[aider]], [[assistant]]; so of the Holy Spirit [[destined]] to [[take]] the [[place]] of Christ [[with]] the apostles ([[after]] his ascension to the Father), to [[lead]] [[them]] to a deeper [[knowledge]] of gospel [[truth]], and to [[give]] [[them]] the [[divine]] [[strength]] needed to [[enable]] [[them]] to [[undergo]] trials and persecutions on [[behalf]] of the [[divine]] [[kingdom]]: [[Philo]] de mund. opif. § 6 at the [[beginning]] says [[that]] God in creating the [[world]] had no [[need]] of a [[παράκλητος]], an [[adviser]], [[counsellor]], [[helper]]. The Targums and Talmud [[borrow]] the Greek words פְּרַקְלִיט and פְּרַקְלִיטָא and [[use]] [[them]] of [[any]] [[intercessor]], [[defender]], or [[advocate]]; cf. Baxtorf, Lex. Talm., p. 1843 (edited by Fischer, p. 916)); so Targ. on מֵלִיץ מַלְאָך, i. e. an angel [[that]] pleads [[man]]'s [[cause]] [[with]] God; (cf. πλουσίων παρακλητοι in ' Teaching' etc. 5 [ET] [[under]] the [[end]]; the Epistle of Barnabas 20,2 [ET]; Apostolic Constitutions 7,18)). Cf. Knapp, Scripta varii Argumenti, p. 124ff; Düsterdieck on G, in Ellicott's N. T. Commentary for English Readers; Westcott in the Speaker's [[commentary]] Additional Note on John 14:16; Schaff in Lange ibid.). | |txtha=παρακλητου, ὁ ([[παρακαλέω]]), [[properly]], summoned, called to [[one]]'s [[side]], [[especially]] called to [[one]]'s [[aid]]; [[hence]],<br /><b class="num">1.</b> "[[one]] [[who]] pleads [[another]]'s [[cause]] [[before]] a Judges, a [[pleader]], [[counsel]] for defense, [[legal]] [[assistant]]; an [[advocate]]": [[Demosthenes]], p. 341,11; ([[Diogenes]] Laërtius 4,50, cf. [[Dio]] Cassius, 46,20.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[universally]], [[one]] [[who]] pleads [[another]]'s [[cause]] [[with]] [[one]], an [[intercessor]]: [[Philo]], de mund. opif. § 59; de Josepho § 40; in Flaccum §§ 3,4; so of Christ, in his [[exaltation]] at God's [[right]] [[hand]], [[pleading]] [[with]] God the Father for the [[pardon]] of [[our]] sins, [[Philo]], vita Moys. iii. § 14).<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in the widest [[sense]], a [[helper]], succorer, [[aider]], [[assistant]]; so of the Holy Spirit [[destined]] to [[take]] the [[place]] of Christ [[with]] the apostles ([[after]] his ascension to the Father), to [[lead]] [[them]] to a deeper [[knowledge]] of gospel [[truth]], and to [[give]] [[them]] the [[divine]] [[strength]] needed to [[enable]] [[them]] to [[undergo]] trials and persecutions on [[behalf]] of the [[divine]] [[kingdom]]: [[Philo]] de mund. opif. § 6 at the [[beginning]] says [[that]] God in creating the [[world]] had no [[need]] of a [[παράκλητος]], an [[adviser]], [[counsellor]], [[helper]]. The Targums and Talmud [[borrow]] the Greek words פְּרַקְלִיט and פְּרַקְלִיטָא and [[use]] [[them]] of [[any]] [[intercessor]], [[defender]], or [[advocate]]; cf. Baxtorf, Lex. Talm., p. 1843 (edited by Fischer, p. 916)); so Targ. on מֵלִיץ מַלְאָך, i. e. an angel [[that]] pleads [[man]]'s [[cause]] [[with]] God; (cf. [[πλουσίων]] παρακλητοι in ' Teaching' etc. 5 [ET] [[under]] the [[end]]; the Epistle of Barnabas 20,2 [ET]; Apostolic Constitutions 7,18)). Cf. Knapp, Scripta varii Argumenti, p. 124ff; Düsterdieck on G, in Ellicott's [[NT|N.T.]] Commentary for English Readers; Westcott in the Speaker's [[commentary]] Additional Note on John 14:16; Schaff in Lange ibid.). | ||
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{{grml | {{grml | ||
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|lsmtext='''παράκλητος:''' -ον, <b class="num">I.</b> αυτός που καλείται σε [[βοήθεια]], Λατ. [[advocatus]]· ως ουσ., [[νομικός]] [[βοηθός]], [[συνήγορος]], σε Δημ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> σε Καινή Διαθήκη, <i>ὁ Παράκλητος</i>, το Άγιο Πνεύμα, ο Μεσολαβητής ή Παρηγορητής. | |lsmtext='''παράκλητος:''' -ον, <b class="num">I.</b> αυτός που καλείται σε [[βοήθεια]], Λατ. [[advocatus]]· ως ουσ., [[νομικός]] [[βοηθός]], [[συνήγορος]], σε Δημ.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> σε Καινή Διαθήκη, <i>ὁ Παράκλητος</i>, το Άγιο Πνεύμα, ο Μεσολαβητής ή Παρηγορητής. | ||
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{{ | {{ls | ||
| | |lstext='''παράκλητος''': -ον, ὁ προσκληθεὶς ὡς βοηθός τινος ἐν δικαστηρίῳ, Λατ. [[advocatus]]· ὡς οὐσιαστ., νομικὸς βοηθός, [[συνήγορος]], Δημ. 341. 10, κτλ.· πρβλ. Herm. Pol. Ant. § 142. 14· - [[μεσίτης]] ὑπέρ τινος, Φίλων 2. 520, κτλ. ΙΙ. ἐν τῇ Καινῇ Διαθ. καὶ παρὰ τοῖς Ἐκκλ., ὁ Παράκλητος, τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα, ὁ [[συνήγορος]] ἢ [[παρήγορος]], = [[διδάσκαλος]], Θεόδ. Μοψουεστ. 777Α· - μετὰ τῆς λέξεως [[πνεῦμα]], τίθεται οὐδετέρως τὸ παράκλητον, Εὐσεβ. VI. 1008A, 1012D, 1009B, Μακάρ. 521C, κλ. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
|mdlsjtxt=[[παρά]]-κλητος, ον,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> called to one's aid, Lat. [[advocatus]]: as | |mdlsjtxt=[[παρά]]-κλητος, ον,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> called to one's aid, Lat. [[advocatus]]: as [[substantive]] a [[legal]] [[assistant]], [[advocate]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> in NTest., ὁ Παράκλητος, the Intercessor or the Comforter. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Chinese | {{Chinese | ||
|sngr='''原文音譯'''：par£khtoj 爬拉克累拖士<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（5）<br />'''原文字根'''：在旁 召（者）<br />'''字義溯源'''：代求者^，勸慰者，幫助者，保惠師，中保。主耶穌完成了救贖的工作，要回到父神那裏去，聖靈來接替他的工作，為我們作代言人，代求人，安慰勸勉我們，並幫助我們。在福音書中四次和合本譯為保惠師，在書信中的一次譯為中保<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（5）；約（4）；約壹（1）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 保惠師（3） 約14:26； 約15:26； 約16:7；<br />2） 一位中保（1） 約壹2:1；<br />3） 一位保惠師（1） 約14:16 | |sngr='''原文音譯'''：par£khtoj 爬拉克累拖士<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（5）<br />'''原文字根'''：在旁 召（者）<br />'''字義溯源'''：代求者^，勸慰者，幫助者，保惠師，中保。主耶穌完成了救贖的工作，要回到父神那裏去，聖靈來接替他的工作，為我們作代言人，代求人，安慰勸勉我們，並幫助我們。在福音書中四次和合本譯為保惠師，在書信中的一次譯為中保<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（5）；約（4）；約壹（1）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 保惠師（3） 約14:26； 約15:26； 約16:7；<br />2） 一位中保（1） 約壹2:1；<br />3） 一位保惠師（1） 約14:16 | ||
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{{ | {{wkpen | ||
| | |wketx=Paraclete (Greek: παράκλητος, Latin: paracletus) means advocate or helper. In Christianity, the term "paraclete" most commonly refers to the Holy Spirit. | ||
Paraclete comes from the Koine Greek word παράκλητος (paráklētos). A combination of "para" (beside/alongside) and "kalein" (to call), the word first appears in the Bible in John 14:16. John Muddiman and John Barton further explain the development of the meaning of this term; | |||
The word parakletos is a verbal adjective, often used of one called to help in a lawcourt. In the Jewish tradition the word was transcribed with Hebrew letters and used for angels, prophets, and the just as advocates before God's court. The word also acquired the meaning of 'one who consoles' (cf. Job 16:2, Theodotion's and Aquila's translations; the [[LXX]] has the correct word parakletores). It is probably wrong to explain the Johannine parakletos on the basis of only one religious background. The word is filled with a complex meaning: the Spirit replaces Jesus, is an advocate and a witness, but also consoles the disciples. | |||
The term is not common in non-Jewish texts. The best known use is by Demosthenes: | |||
Citizens of Athens, I do not doubt that you are all pretty well aware that this trial has been the center of keen partisanship and active canvassing, for you saw the people who were accosting and annoying you just now at the casting of lots. But I have to make a request which ought to be granted without asking, that you will all give less weight to private entreaty or personal influence than to the spirit of justice and to the oath which you severally swore when you entered that box. You will reflect that justice and the oath concern yourselves and the commonwealth, whereas the importunity and party spirit of advocates serve the end of those private ambitions which you are convened by the laws to thwart, not to encourage for the advantage of evil-doers. (Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 19:1) | |||
In the Greek New Testament the word is most prominent in the Johannine writings. It appears in the Gospel of John where it may be translated into English as "counselor", "helper", “advocate”, or "comforter". | |||
The New Testament Studies, a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press, describes a "striking similarity" between the defined attributes of what the Paraclete is, and is to do, and what the outcome of Christian prophecy has spoken to, explaining the Paraclete as the post-Passover gift of the Holy Spirit. "The Paraclete represents the Spirit as manifested in a particular way, as a pneumatic Christian speech charisma. Every verb describing the ministry of the Paraclete is directly related to his speech function." | |||
The early church identified the Paraclete as the Holy Spirit. In first-century Jewish and Christian understanding, the presence of the Holy Spirit is to claim rebirth of prophecy. | |||
During his period as a hermit in the mid-12th century, Peter Abelard dedicated his chapel to the Paraclete because "I had come there as a fugitive and, in the depths of my despair, was granted some comfort by the grace of God." | |||
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{{trml | |||
|trtx=Bulgarian: закрилник; Dhivehi: ބާރްޤަލީޠު; Dutch: parakleet; Esperanto: parakleto; French: paraclet; German: Paraklet; Ancient Greek: παράκλητος; Modern: παράκλητος; Latin: paracletus; Persian: فارقلیط; Polish: paraklet; Portuguese: paráclito, paracleto; Russian: паракле́т; Spanish: paráclito; Swedish: paraklet; Turkish: paraklit | |||
===[[helper]]=== | |||
Albanian: ndihmës; Arabic: مُسَاعِد; Aramaic Classical Syriac: ܥܕܘܪܐ, ܥܕܘܪܬܐ, ܡܥܕܪܢܐ, ܡܥܕܪܢܝܬܐ; Armenian: օգնական; Azerbaijani: köməkçi, yardımçı; Bashkir: ярҙамсы; Belarusian: памочнік, памочніца; Bengali: সহায়ক; Bulgarian: помощник, помощничка, помощница, помагач, помагачка; Burmese: အကူ; Catalan: ajudant, ajudador; Chinese Mandarin: 幫手, 帮手, 助手; Czech: pomocník, pomocnice; Danish: hjælper; Dutch: [[helper]], [[helpster]]; Estonian: aitaja, abiline; Finnish: auttaja, avustaja, apuri, apulainen; French: [[assistant]], [[assistante]]; Georgian: დამხმარე, მშველელი; German: [[Helfer]], [[Helferin]]; Greek: [[βοηθός]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀμύντωρ]], [[ἀντιλήμπτωρ]], [[ἀντιλήπτωρ]], [[ἀοσσητήρ]], [[ἀρωγός]], [[βοαθόος]], [[βοηδρόμιος]], [[βοηδρόμος]], [[βοηθόος]], [[βοηθός]], [[ἐπαμύντωρ]], [[ἐπαρηγών]], [[ἐπαρωγός]], [[ἔπεργος]], [[ἐπίκουρος]], [[ἐπίρροθος]], [[ἐπιτάρροθος]], [[ξυνεργός]], [[παράκλητος]], [[παράσειρος]], [[παρασπιστής]], [[παραστάτις]], [[πάρεδρος]], [[ποδηγός]], [[συλλήπτωρ]], [[συμπαραστάτης]], [[ξυμπαραστάτης]], [[συμπράκτωρ]], [[συναρωγός]], [[συνέντης]], [[συνεργάτης]], [[συνεργάτις]], [[συνεργός]], [[συνέριθος]], [[τιμάορος]], [[τιμωρός]], [[ὑπηρέτας]], [[ὑπηρέτης]], [[ὑπουργός]]; Hebrew: עוֹזֵר; Hindi: सहायक; Hungarian: segítő, segéd; Ido: helpanto, helpero, helpisto; Indonesian: penolong; Irish: cúntóir; Italian: [[aiutante]], [[assistente]], [[supporto]], [[apprendista]]; Japanese: 助手, 手伝い, ヘルパー; Kazakh: көмекші; Khmer: អ្នកជំនួយ; Korean: 조수; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: alîkar; Kyrgyz: жардамчы; Ladino Latin: ayudador; Lao: ຜູ້ຊ່ວຍ; Latin: [[adiutor]], [[optio]], [[administer]]; Low German: Hölper, Hölpersche, Hölperin; Macedonian: помагач, помагачка, помошник, помошничка; Maori: uruora; Mongolian: туслагч; Ngazidja Comorian: mpveshezi; Pashto: مرستونی; Persian: دستیار, آسیستان; Plautdietsch: Halpa; Polish: pomocnik, pomocnica; Portuguese: [[ajudante]]; Romanian: ajutor, ajutoare; Russian: [[помощник]], [[помощница]], [[ассистент]], [[ассистентка]], [[подручный]]; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: помо̀ћнӣк, асѝстент; Roman: pomòćnīk, asìstent; Slovak: pomocník, pomocníca; Slovene: pomočnik, pomočnica; Spanish: [[ayudante]], [[ayudador]]; Swahili: msaidizi; Swedish: medhjälpare; Tajik: ёрдамчӣ; Tatar: ярдәмче; Telugu: సహాయకుడు; Thai: ผู้ช่วย; Turkish: yardımcı; Turkmen: kömekçi; Ukrainian: помічник, помічниця; Uyghur: ياردەمچى; Uzbek: yordamchi; Vietnamese: phó thủ; Volapük: yufan, hiyufan, jiyufan | |||
===[[advocate]]=== | |||
Albanian: avokat; Arabic: محامي, محامية; Armenian: փաստաբան, իրավաբան; Belarusian: адвакат; Bulgarian: адвокат, адвокатка; Catalan: advocat; Chechen: юрист; Crimean Tatar: advokat; Czech: obhájce, advokát, právník, právnička; Danish: advokat; Dutch: [[advocaat]], advocate, [[verdediger]], [[verdedigster]]; Esperanto: advokato; Finnish: puolestapuhuja; French: [[avocat]], avocate; Galician: avogado, avogada; Georgian: ადვოკატი; German: [[Rechtsanwalt]], Rechtsanwältin, [[Verteidiger]]; Greek: [[συνήγορος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἀγοραῖος]], [[ἀρωγός]], [[δικαιολόγος]], [[δικηγόρος]], [[δικήγορος]], [[δικογράφος]], [[δικολέκτης]], [[δικολόγος]], [[δικοτέχνης]], [[ἐκβιβαστής]], [[ἔκδικος]], [[ξύνδικος]], [[ξυνήγορος]], [[παράκλητος]], [[πρόδικος]], [[προήγορος]], [[ῥητὴρ δικῶν]], [[συνάγορος]], [[σύνδικος]], [[συνήγορος]], [[σχολαστικός]]; Hebrew: סנגור; Ido: advokato; Indonesian: pengacara, advokat; Irish: abhcóide; Italian: avvocato, avvocata; Khmer: ស្មាក្ដី; Ladin: aucat; Latin: [[cognitor]], [[advocatus]]; Macedonian: адвокат; Malayalam: വക്കീല്, അഭിഭാഷകന്; Maltese: avukat, avukatessa; Maori: kaitautoko; Middle English: oratour; Polish: adwokat, adwokatka, obrońca; Portuguese: advogado, advogada; Russian: [[адвокат]], [[защитник]], [[защитница]]; Slovene: zagovornik, zagovornica; Spanish: [[abogado]], abogada; Swedish: advokat; Tagalog: abogado; Tamil: வக்கீல்; Tocharian B: weñmo; Volapük: lavogan, hilavogan, jilavogan | |||
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