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σοφιστής: Difference between revisions
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|Definition= | |Definition=σοφιστοῦ, ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[master]] of one's [[craft]], [[adept]], [[expert]], of [[diviner]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.49; of [[poet]]s, μελέταν σοφισταῖς πρόσβαλον Pi.''I.''5(4).28, cf. Cratin.2; of [[musician]]s, σοφιστὴς.. [[παραπαίων]] χέλυν A.''Fr.''314, cf. Eup.447, Pl.Com. 140; [[σοφιστῇ Θρῃκί]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[Thamyris]]) E.''Rh.''924, cf. Ath.14.632c: with modal words added, οἱ σ. τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν Ael.''NA''11.1; of the Creator of the universe (ὁ [[δημιουργός]]), πάνυ θαυμαστὸν λέγεις σοφιστήν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 596d; of [[cook]]s, εἰς τοὺς σ. τὸν μάγειρον ἐγγράφω Alex.149.14, cf. Euphro 1.11; οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σοφισταί. [[skilled in]].., Ael.''NA''13.9: metaph., [[σοφιστής πημάτων]] [[deviser]], [[contriver]] of [[pain]]s, E.''Heracl.''993:—then,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[wise]], [[prudent]] or [[statesmanlike]] [[man]], in which sense the seven Sages are called [[σοφισταί]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.29, cf. Isoc.15.235, Arist.''Fr.''5, D.61.50; of [[Pythagoras]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.95; of natural [[philosopher]]s, Hp.''VM''20; of [[Isocrates]] and [[Plato]], [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''25; of the [[Βραχμᾶνες]], Arr.''An.''6.16.5, cf. [[γυμνοσοφισταί]]; freq. with a slightly iron. sense, ἵνα μάθῃ σ. ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''62, cf. 944; ψυχή.. κρείσσων σοφιστοῦ παντὸς εὑρέτις [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]'' 101, cf. E.''Hipp.''921: [[proverb|prov.]], [[μισῶ]] σοφιστὴν [[ὅτις]] οὐχ αὑτῷ [[σοφός]] = I hate the sage who [[reck]]s not his own [[rede]], I hate the sage who is not wise for himself, I [[hate]] the wise man who is not [[wise]] on his own Id.''Fr.'' 905: of the philosophic [[sage]], Aristid.2.311 J.<br><span class="bld">II</span> from late v B.C., a [[sophist]], i.e. one who gave [[lesson]]s in [[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [[politics]], [[mathematics]], for [[money]], such as [[Prodicus]], [[Gorgias]], [[Protagoras]], τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.6.13, cf. ''Cyn.''13.8, Th.3.38, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 31 3c, ''Euthd.''271c, ''La.'' 186c, ''Men.''85b, Isoc.15.148, Arist.''SE''165a22; σ. ἄχρηστοι καὶ βίου δεόμενοι Lys.33.3; but sometimes even of [[Socrates]] (though he did not [[teach]] for [[money]]), Aeschin.1.173; so of Christ, Luc.''Peregr.''13: hence (from the ill repute of the professed sophists at Athens),<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[sophist]] (in bad sense), [[quibbler]], [[cheat]], Ar.''Nu.''331,''IIII'', al., Pl.''Sph.'' 268d; γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζων D.18.276.<br><span class="bld">3</span> later of the [[ῥήτωρ|ῥήτορες]], [[professor]]s of [[rhetoric]], and [[prose]] [[writer]]s of the Empire, such as [[Philostratus]] and [[Libanius]], Suid.; Ἀπολλωνίδῃ σοφιστῇ ''PLips.'' 97 X 18 (iv A.D.); freq. as a title in epitaphs, ''IG''3.625,637,680,775, 14.935. | ||
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{{pape | {{pape | ||
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0914.png Seite 914]] ὁ, ursprünglich wie [[σοφός]], ein Jeder, der im Besitz einer besondern Geschicklichkeit od. Kunst ist; bes. der Ton- oder Gesangkundige, Hesych. σοφιστὰς ἔλεγον τοὺς περὶ μουσικὴν διατρίβοντας καὶ τοὺς μετὰ κιθάρας ᾄδοντας, Ath. XIV, 632 c πάντας τοὺς χρωμένους τῇ τέχνῃ [[ταύτῃ]] (μουσικῇ) σοφιστὰς ἀπεκάλουν, aus Aesch. anführend εἴτ' οὖν σοφιστὴς καλὰ παραπαίων χέλυν; auch Eur. nennt den Orpheus σοφιστὴς Θρ ῄξ, Rhes. 924, wie es auch Pind. I. 4, 28 zu nehmen ist; der Etwas geschickt erfindet (vgl. [[σόφισμα]]), ἵνα μάθῃ σοφιστὴς ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος, Aesch. Prom. 62, vgl. 946; πολλῶν σοφιστὴς πημάτων ἐγιγνόμην, Eur. Heracl. 993; τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν σοφισταί, Ael. H. A. 11, 1; οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σοφισταί, 13, 9; ὀψοποιητικῆς πραγματείας σοφισταί, Poll. 6, 71; vgl. Ath. IX, 377 f. – Ueb. der in Angelegenheiten des öffentlichen und häuslichen Lebens gewandte und erfahrene Mann, von praktischer Lebensklugheit; so heißen bei Her. die sogenannten sieben Weisen immer σοφισταί, z. B. 1, 29 (vgl. Euphro bei Ath. IX, 379 v. 10); eben so Pythagoras, 4, 95; daher es zuweilen auch den Weisen im höheren Sinne des Wortes bezeichnet, den Gelehrten, der sich durch Kenntnisse und Nachdenken vor der großen Menge auszeichnet, vgl. D. L. prooem. 12. – Bei den Athenern bes. der für Geld die Kunst zu denken und zu sprechen, Philosophie u. Beredrsamkeit lehrt, der Redekünstler, σοφιστῶν ἀκροαταί, Thuc. 3, 38; in diesem Sinne hießen Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias, Prodikus und Thrasvmachus Sophisten; und weil diese sich hauptsächlich mit der Beredtsamkeit beschäftigten, hießen auch Redner, bes. diejenigen, welche wie Isokrates Reden schrieben, σοφισταί, Isocr. 4, 3, im | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0914.png Seite 914]] ὁ, ursprünglich wie [[σοφός]], ein Jeder, der im Besitz einer besondern Geschicklichkeit od. Kunst ist; bes. der Ton- oder Gesangkundige, Hesych. σοφιστὰς ἔλεγον τοὺς περὶ μουσικὴν διατρίβοντας καὶ τοὺς μετὰ κιθάρας ᾄδοντας, Ath. XIV, 632 c πάντας τοὺς χρωμένους τῇ τέχνῃ [[ταύτῃ]] (μουσικῇ) σοφιστὰς ἀπεκάλουν, aus Aesch. anführend εἴτ' οὖν σοφιστὴς καλὰ παραπαίων χέλυν; auch Eur. nennt den Orpheus σοφιστὴς Θρ ῄξ, Rhes. 924, wie es auch Pind. I. 4, 28 zu nehmen ist; der Etwas geschickt erfindet (vgl. [[σόφισμα]]), ἵνα μάθῃ σοφιστὴς ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος, Aesch. Prom. 62, vgl. 946; πολλῶν σοφιστὴς πημάτων ἐγιγνόμην, Eur. Heracl. 993; τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν σοφισταί, Ael. H. A. 11, 1; οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σοφισταί, 13, 9; ὀψοποιητικῆς πραγματείας σοφισταί, Poll. 6, 71; vgl. Ath. IX, 377 f. – Ueb. der in Angelegenheiten des öffentlichen und häuslichen Lebens gewandte und erfahrene Mann, von praktischer Lebensklugheit; so heißen bei Her. die sogenannten sieben Weisen immer σοφισταί, z. B. 1, 29 (vgl. Euphro bei Ath. IX, 379 v. 10); eben so Pythagoras, 4, 95; daher es zuweilen auch den Weisen im höheren Sinne des Wortes bezeichnet, den Gelehrten, der sich durch Kenntnisse und Nachdenken vor der großen Menge auszeichnet, vgl. D. L. prooem. 12. – Bei den Athenern bes. der für Geld die Kunst zu denken und zu sprechen, Philosophie u. Beredrsamkeit lehrt, der Redekünstler, σοφιστῶν ἀκροαταί, Thuc. 3, 38; in diesem Sinne hießen Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias, Prodikus und Thrasvmachus Sophisten; und weil diese sich hauptsächlich mit der Beredtsamkeit beschäftigten, hießen auch Redner, bes. diejenigen, welche wie Isokrates Reden schrieben, σοφισταί, Isocr. 4, 3, im <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> der Dichter, 4, 82. – Die Erklärung des Arist. elench. Soph. 1, 2, ἔστι γὰρ ὁ σοφιστὴς χρηματιστὴς ἀπὸ φαινομένης σοφίας, ἀλλ' οὐκ οὐσης, wird von Sokrates Zeit an geltend, der durch seine scharfsinnigen Unterhaltungen mit ihnen ihr lediglich auf den äußern Schein gerichtetes Streben bloßstellte, wie sie durch Trugschlüsse und Redekunststücke die Zuhörer zu überreden suchten, ihnen aber keine wahre Weisheit mittheilten, nur auf eignen Ruhm u. Gewinn bedacht waren. Dah. von Aristophanes u. Platon an das Wort auch den Nebenbegriff des Großprahlers, Aufschneiders, ja des gauklerischen Betrügers erhält, Dem. 18, 276 δεινὸν καὶ γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν καὶ τὰ. τοιαῦτ' ὀνομάζων. – Später, als die alte, ächte Beredtsamkeit verschwunden war, kam der Sophist wieder zu Ehren und bezeichnete, ungefähr gleichbedeutend mit [[ῥήτωρ]], den Lehrer u. Meister im prosaischen Ausdruck, der nicht sowohl des Inhalts, als der schönen Form wegen schreibt, gleichviel ob Reden, Briefe, Geschichtswerke oder Anderes, vgl. Villois. praef. ad Long. | ||
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{{bailly | {{bailly | ||
|btext=οῦ (ὁ) :<br /><b>1</b> tout homme qui excelle dans un | |btext=οῦ (ὁ) :<br /><b>1</b> [[tout homme qui excelle dans un art]] : [[σοφιστής]] τινος <i>ou</i> τι habile en qch;<br /><b>2</b> [[philosophe]], [[sage]];<br /><b>3</b> <i>à Athènes, depuis le milieu du 5ᵉ s.</i> maître de philosophie et d'éloquence, sophiste ; <i>en mauv. part</i> [[charlatan]], [[imposteur]].<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[σοφίζω]]. | ||
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{{elnl | {{elnl | ||
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{{elru | {{elru | ||
|elrutext='''σοφιστής:''' οῦ ὁ<br /><b class="num">1 | |elrutext='''σοφιστής:''' οῦ ὁ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[сведущий человек]], [[знаток]]: οἱ ἐπιγενόμενοι σοφισταί Her. ученые люди более позднего времени;<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[мастер]], [[художник]]: σ. [[Θρῄξ]] Eur. фракийский художник, т. е. Орфей;<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[создатель]], [[изобретатель]] (πολλῶν πημάτων Eur.);<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[мудрец]] (οἱ ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος σοφισταί Her.);<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[софист]], [[платный учитель философии и риторики]] (Thuc., Plat.; τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν Xen.);<br /><b class="num">6</b> (начиная с Платона), [[софист]], [[лжефилософ]], [[шарлатан]] ([[ἔστι]] ὁ σ. χρηματιστὴς ἀπὸ φαινομένης σοφίας Arst.). | ||
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{{grml | {{grml | ||
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{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | {{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | ||
|woodrun=[[a clever person]], [[concretely]], [[learned man]], [[one who cheats]] | |woodrun=[[a clever person]], [[concretely]], [[learned man]], [[one who cheats]] | ||
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{{mantoulidis | |||
|mantxt=Ἀπό τό [[σοφίζω]], πού παράγεται ἀπό τό [[σοφός]], ὅπου δές γιά περισσότερα παράγωγα. | |||
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{{lxth | |||
|lthtxt=''[[sophista]]'', [[sophist]], [[wise man]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.38.7/ 3.38.7]. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{trml | {{trml | ||
|trtx====expert=== | |trtx====[[expert]]=== | ||
Albanian: ekspert; Amharic: ዓዋቂ; Arabic: مُتَخَصِّص, مُتَخَصِّصَة, خَبِير, خَبِيرَة; Egyptian Arabic: خبير; Armenian: փորձագետ; Azerbaijani: ekspert, mütəxəssis; Bashkir: белгес; Belarusian: эксперт, экспэ́рт; Bengali: বিশেষজ্ঞ, দক্ষ; Bulgarian: експерт; Burmese: ကျွမ်းကျင်သူ; Catalan: expert; Chinese Cantonese: 專家, 专家, 高手; Hakka: 高手; Mandarin: 專家, 专家, 專門家, 专门家, 高手; Min Nan: 高手; Czech: odborník, expert, znalec; Danish: ekspert; Dutch: [[deskundige]], [[expert]]; Esperanto: kompetentulo; Estonian: asjatundja, ekspert; Finnish: asiantuntija, ekspertti; French: [[expert]]; Galician: experto; Georgian: ექსპერტი, სპეციალისტი, მცოდნე; German: [[Experte]], [[Fachmann]], [[Fachfrau]]; Greek: [[εμπειρογνώμων]], [[εμπειροτέχνης]], [[δεξιοτέχνης]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἐπιστήμων]]; Hebrew: מומחה / מֻמְחֶה; Hindi: विशेषज्ञ, माहिर, कबीर, सिद्धहस्त; Hungarian: szakértő, szakember; Icelandic: sérfræðingur; Indonesian: ahli, pakar, eksper, spesialis; Irish: saineolaí; Italian: [[esperto]]; Japanese: 専門家, 熟練者, 名人; Javanese: juru; Kazakh: сарапшы, маман; Khmer: ជំនាញ, អ្នកឯកទេស; Korean: 숙련자(熟鍊者), 전문가(專門家), 명인(名人); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: pispor; Kyrgyz: билгич; Lao: ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ; Latin: [[consultus]]; Latvian: eksperts, eksperte; Lithuanian: ekspertas; Macedonian: експерт; Malay: pakar; Maori: tautōhito, pūkenga, mātanga; Mongolian Cyrillic: мэргэжилтэн, шинжээч, эксперт; Navajo: yééhósinígíí; Ngazidja Comorian: mtââlamu; Norwegian Bokmål: ekspert; Occitan: expèrt; Ottoman Turkish: متخصص; Pashto: ماهر, متخصص; Persian: خبره, متخصص; Polish: ekspert; Portuguese: [[expert]], [[especialista]], [[perito]]; Romanian: expert; Russian: [[эксперт]], [[специалист]], [[специалистка]], [[знаток]]; Scottish Gaelic: ealantach, eòlaiche; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ѐксперт, стру̏чња̄к, зналац; Roman: èkspert, strȕčnjāk, ználac; Slovak: odborník, znalec, expert; Slovene: strokovnjak, izvedenec; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: eksperta; Spanish: [[perito]], [[experto]], [[conocedor]]; Swahili: mtaalam, mtaalamu; Swedish: expert, sakkunnig; Tagalog: dalubhasa, eksperto; Tajik: мутахассис, эксперт; Tatar: белгеч; Thai: ผู้เชี่ยวชาญ; Turkish: uzman, usta, üstat, mütehassıs, bilirkişi; Turkmen: ekspert, ussat; Ukrainian: експерт, фахівець, знавець; Urdu: ماہر; Uyghur: مۇتەخەسسىس; Uzbek: ekspert, mutaxassis; Vietnamese: chuyên gia; Welsh: arbenigwr; Yiddish: עקספּערט; Zazaki: pıspor, pıspore | Albanian: ekspert; Amharic: ዓዋቂ; Arabic: مُتَخَصِّص, مُتَخَصِّصَة, خَبِير, خَبِيرَة; Egyptian Arabic: خبير; Armenian: փորձագետ; Azerbaijani: ekspert, mütəxəssis; Bashkir: белгес; Belarusian: эксперт, экспэ́рт; Bengali: বিশেষজ্ঞ, দক্ষ; Bulgarian: експерт; Burmese: ကျွမ်းကျင်သူ; Catalan: expert; Chinese Cantonese: 專家, 专家, 高手; Hakka: 高手; Mandarin: 專家, 专家, 專門家, 专门家, 高手; Min Nan: 高手; Czech: odborník, expert, znalec; Danish: ekspert; Dutch: [[deskundige]], [[expert]]; Esperanto: kompetentulo; Estonian: asjatundja, ekspert; Finnish: asiantuntija, ekspertti; French: [[expert]]; Galician: experto; Georgian: ექსპერტი, სპეციალისტი, მცოდნე; German: [[Experte]], [[Fachmann]], [[Fachfrau]]; Greek: [[εμπειρογνώμων]], [[εμπειροτέχνης]], [[δεξιοτέχνης]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἐπιστήμων]]; Hebrew: מומחה / מֻמְחֶה; Hindi: विशेषज्ञ, माहिर, कबीर, सिद्धहस्त; Hungarian: szakértő, szakember; Icelandic: sérfræðingur; Indonesian: ahli, pakar, eksper, spesialis; Irish: saineolaí; Italian: [[esperto]]; Japanese: 専門家, 熟練者, 名人; Javanese: juru; Kazakh: сарапшы, маман; Khmer: ជំនាញ, អ្នកឯកទេស; Korean: 숙련자(熟鍊者), 전문가(專門家), 명인(名人); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: pispor; Kyrgyz: билгич; Lao: ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ; Latin: [[consultus]]; Latvian: eksperts, eksperte; Lithuanian: ekspertas; Macedonian: експерт; Malay: pakar; Maori: tautōhito, pūkenga, mātanga; Mongolian Cyrillic: мэргэжилтэн, шинжээч, эксперт; Navajo: yééhósinígíí; Ngazidja Comorian: mtââlamu; Norwegian Bokmål: ekspert; Occitan: expèrt; Ottoman Turkish: متخصص; Pashto: ماهر, متخصص; Persian: خبره, متخصص; Polish: ekspert; Portuguese: [[expert]], [[especialista]], [[perito]]; Romanian: expert; Russian: [[эксперт]], [[специалист]], [[специалистка]], [[знаток]]; Scottish Gaelic: ealantach, eòlaiche; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ѐксперт, стру̏чња̄к, зналац; Roman: èkspert, strȕčnjāk, ználac; Slovak: odborník, znalec, expert; Slovene: strokovnjak, izvedenec; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: eksperta; Spanish: [[perito]], [[experto]], [[conocedor]]; Swahili: mtaalam, mtaalamu; Swedish: expert, sakkunnig; Tagalog: dalubhasa, eksperto; Tajik: мутахассис, эксперт; Tatar: белгеч; Thai: ผู้เชี่ยวชาญ; Turkish: uzman, usta, üstat, mütehassıs, bilirkişi; Turkmen: ekspert, ussat; Ukrainian: експерт, фахівець, знавець; Urdu: ماہر; Uyghur: مۇتەخەسسىس; Uzbek: ekspert, mutaxassis; Vietnamese: chuyên gia; Welsh: arbenigwr; Yiddish: עקספּערט; Zazaki: pıspor, pıspore | ||
===wise=== | ===[[wise]]=== | ||
Albanian: urtë; Arabic: حَكِيم, فَطِن, فَطُن, عَاقِل; Armenian: իմաստուն; Aromanian: mintimen; Azerbaijani: ağıllı, müdrik, hikmətli; Belarusian: мудры, разумны; Bulgarian: мъ́дър, умен; Catalan: savi; Chinese Mandarin: 明智, 英明, 高明, 聰明, 聪明; Czech: moudrý, rozumný; Danish: vis, klog; Dutch: [[wijs]]; Esperanto: saĝa; Estonian: tark; Finnish: viisas; French: [[sage]]; Galician: sabio; Georgian: ჭკვიანი, ბრძენი; German: [[weise]], [[klug]]; Alemannic German: wiis; Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃, 𐍃𐌽𐌿𐍄𐍂𐍃; Greek: [[σοφός]]; Ancient Greek: [[σοφός]]; Hebrew: חָכָם; Hindi: बुद्धिमान; Hungarian: bölcs; Icelandic: vís; Indonesian: bijaksana, bijak, wicak; Irish: críonna, fáidhiúil, seanchríonna; Italian: [[saggio]]; Japanese: 賢い, 賢明な; Kannada: ಜಾಣ; Karakhanid: بِلْكا; Kashmiri: گاٹُل, गाटुल; Kazakh: дана, данышпан; Khmer: ប្រាជ្ញា, ប្រតិពល, ប្រាជ្ញ, វិទូ; Korean: 현명하다, 명철하다, 지혜롭다, 슬기롭다; Kyrgyz: акылман, даанышман; Lao: ສັບປັນຍາ, ສະຫລາດ; Latgalian: gudrys; Latin: [[sapiens]], [[cordatus]]; Latvian: gudrs; Lithuanian: išmintingas; Luxembourgish: klug; Macedonian: мудар; Malay: bijaksana, bijak; Maore Comorian: -endza hikima; Navajo: hóyą́; Norman: sage; Norwegian Bokmål: vis, klok; Occitan: savi; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: мѫдръ; Old East Slavic: мудръ; Old English: wīs; Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀; Persian: دانا, خردمند, زنیر; Plautdietsch: weis; Polish: mądry; Portuguese: [[sábio]], [[sensato]]; Rapa Nui: maori; Romani Welsh Romani: gožvalo; Romanian: cu scaun la cap, înțelept; Russian: [[мудрый]], [[умный]], [[разумный]]; Sanskrit: कवि; Scottish Gaelic: crìonna, glic, seanacheannach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: мудар, у̑ман; Roman: múdar, ȗman; Slovak: múdry, umný, rozumný; Slovene: moder; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: mudry; Spanish: [[sabio]], [[juicioso]], [[sapiente]]; Swahili: -staarabu; Swedish: vis, klok; Tagalog: marunong; Tajik: доно, хирадманд, донишманд; Tamil: சாது; Telugu: తెలివైన; Thai: เฉลียวฉลาด, ฉลาด; Turkish: akıllı, bilge; Turkmen: paýhasly; Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎋𐎎; Ukrainian: мудрий, розумний; Urdu: بدھمان; Uzbek: donishmand, dono; Vietnamese: khôn; Warlpiri: pina; Welsh: cymen, doeth; West Frisian: wiis | Albanian: urtë; Arabic: حَكِيم, فَطِن, فَطُن, عَاقِل; Armenian: իմաստուն; Aromanian: mintimen; Azerbaijani: ağıllı, müdrik, hikmətli; Belarusian: мудры, разумны; Bulgarian: мъ́дър, умен; Catalan: savi; Chinese Mandarin: 明智, 英明, 高明, 聰明, 聪明; Czech: moudrý, rozumný; Danish: vis, klog; Dutch: [[wijs]]; Esperanto: saĝa; Estonian: tark; Finnish: viisas; French: [[sage]]; Galician: sabio; Georgian: ჭკვიანი, ბრძენი; German: [[weise]], [[klug]]; Alemannic German: wiis; Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃, 𐍃𐌽𐌿𐍄𐍂𐍃; Greek: [[σοφός]]; Ancient Greek: [[σοφός]]; Hebrew: חָכָם; Hindi: बुद्धिमान; Hungarian: bölcs; Icelandic: vís; Indonesian: bijaksana, bijak, wicak; Irish: críonna, fáidhiúil, seanchríonna; Italian: [[saggio]]; Japanese: 賢い, 賢明な; Kannada: ಜಾಣ; Karakhanid: بِلْكا; Kashmiri: گاٹُل, गाटुल; Kazakh: дана, данышпан; Khmer: ប្រាជ្ញា, ប្រតិពល, ប្រាជ្ញ, វិទូ; Korean: 현명하다, 명철하다, 지혜롭다, 슬기롭다; Kyrgyz: акылман, даанышман; Lao: ສັບປັນຍາ, ສະຫລາດ; Latgalian: gudrys; Latin: [[sapiens]], [[cordatus]]; Latvian: gudrs; Lithuanian: išmintingas; Luxembourgish: klug; Macedonian: мудар; Malay: bijaksana, bijak; Maore Comorian: -endza hikima; Navajo: hóyą́; Norman: sage; Norwegian Bokmål: vis, klok; Occitan: savi; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: мѫдръ; Old East Slavic: мудръ; Old English: wīs; Old Turkic: 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰀; Persian: دانا, خردمند, زنیر; Plautdietsch: weis; Polish: mądry; Portuguese: [[sábio]], [[sensato]]; Rapa Nui: maori; Romani Welsh Romani: gožvalo; Romanian: cu scaun la cap, înțelept; Russian: [[мудрый]], [[умный]], [[разумный]]; Sanskrit: कवि; Scottish Gaelic: crìonna, glic, seanacheannach; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: мудар, у̑ман; Roman: múdar, ȗman; Slovak: múdry, umný, rozumný; Slovene: moder; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: mudry; Spanish: [[sabio]], [[juicioso]], [[sapiente]]; Swahili: -staarabu; Swedish: vis, klok; Tagalog: marunong; Tajik: доно, хирадманд, донишманд; Tamil: சாது; Telugu: తెలివైన; Thai: เฉลียวฉลาด, ฉลาด; Turkish: akıllı, bilge; Turkmen: paýhasly; Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎋𐎎; Ukrainian: мудрий, розумний; Urdu: بدھمان; Uzbek: donishmand, dono; Vietnamese: khôn; Warlpiri: pina; Welsh: cymen, doeth; West Frisian: wiis | ||
===sophist=== | ===[[sophist]]=== | ||
Catalan: sofista; Czech: sofista; Danish: sofist; Esperanto: sofisto; Galician: sofista; German: [[Sophist]], [[Sophistin]]; Greek: [[σοφιστής]]; Ancient Greek: [[σοφιστής]]; Italian: [[sofista]]; Portuguese: [[sofista]]; Serbo-Croatian Roman: sòfist; Sicilian: sufista; Spanish: [[sofista]]; Swedish: sofist | Catalan: sofista; Czech: sofista; Danish: sofist; Esperanto: sofisto; Galician: sofista; German: [[Sophist]], [[Sophistin]]; Greek: [[σοφιστής]]; Ancient Greek: [[σοφιστής]]; Italian: [[sofista]]; Portuguese: [[sofista]]; Serbo-Croatian Roman: sòfist; Sicilian: sufista; Spanish: [[sofista]]; Swedish: sofist | ||
===[[prudent]]=== | |||
Arabic: حَرِيص, حَكِيم; Egyptian Arabic: حريص; Bulgarian: предпазлив, благоразумен; Catalan: prudent; Chinese Mandarin: 謹慎／谨慎, 慎重; Dutch: [[voorzichtig]], [[omzichtig]], [[vooruitziend]], [[prudent]]; Esperanto: prudenta; Finnish: harkitsevainen, varovainen, viisas; French: [[prudent]]; Galician: prudente; Georgian: გონივრული, გონებადამჯდარი, წინდახედული; German: [[umsichtig]], [[vorsichtig]]; Ancient Greek: [[αἴσιμος]], [[ἀριφραδής]], [[ἀρίφρων]], [[ἀσφαλής]], [[γιγνώσκων]], [[δαΐφρων]], [[ἔμπειρος]], [[ἔμφρενος]], [[ἐμφρόνιμος]], [[ἔμφρων]], [[ἐπιλογιστικός]], [[ἐπιστήμων]], [[ἐπίφρων]], [[εὔβουλος]], [[εὐγνώμων]], [[εὐλόγιστος]], [[εὔμητις]], [[εὐπρόσκοπος]], [[εὐφρονέων]], [[ἐχέφρων]], [[κεδνός]], [[νηφάλιος]], [[νοήμων]], [[ὀρθόβουλος]], [[περιεσκεμμένος]], [[πευκάλιμος]], [[πινυτός]], [[πινυτόφρων]], [[πολύφρων]], [[προμαθής]], [[προμηθές]], [[προμηθεύς]], [[προμηθής]], [[προνοητικός]], [[πρόνοος]], [[σαόφρων]], [[σοφιστής]], [[σοφός]], [[σώφρων]], [[φρόνιμος]]; Italian: [[prudente]]; Japanese: 慎重; Latin: [[prudens]], [[cordatus]]; Macedonian: претпазлив, благоразумен, расудлив; Maori: matawhāiti; Norwegian Bokmål: aktsom; Occitan: prudent; Polish: przezorny; Portuguese: [[prudente]]; Russian: [[рассудительный]], [[благоразумный]], [[осторожный]]; Scottish Gaelic: glic; Spanish: [[prudente]]; Swedish: förtänksam; Turkish: ihtiyatlı, tedbirli, sakıngan, önlemli, sakıntılı | |||
}} | }} | ||