ἡδύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<b class="b3">ἡδεῖα, ἡδύ, ἡδὺς ἀϋτμή</b> (as fem.) once in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.12.369</span>: Dor. ἁδύς [ᾱ], Boeot. neut. ϝαδού (written [[γάδου]]) cj. in <span class="bibl">Corinn.17</span> (cf. pr. n. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> ϝαδιούλογος <span class="title">IG</span>7.2788.3), Elean βᾱδύς ([[quod vide|q.v.]]): irreg. acc. [[ἁδέα]] for ἡδύν <span class="bibl">Theoc.20.44</span>, for [[ἡδεῖαν]] ib.<span class="bibl">[8]</span>, <span class="bibl">Mosch.3.82</span>: Ion. fem. [[ἡδέᾰ]], Dor. [[ἁδέα]]: Comp. <b class="b3">ἡδίων [ῑ</b>], Sup. ἥδιστος <span class="bibl">Od.13.80</span>, etc.; also ἡδύτερος <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Ps.-Phoc.195</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>9.247 (Phil.); [[ἡδύτατος]] ib.<span class="bibl">11.298.7</span>, Plu.2.98e. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[pleasant]] to the taste, δεῖπνον <span class="bibl">Od.20.391</span>; of wine, <span class="bibl">3.51</span>, <span class="bibl">9.197</span>, etc.; to the smell, ἀμβροσίην . . ἡδὺ μάλα πνείουσαν <span class="bibl">4.446</span>; ὀδμὴ δ' ἡδεῖα ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ὀδώδει <span class="bibl">9.210</span>; to the hearing, δίδου δ' ἡδεῖαν ἀοιδήν <span class="bibl">8.64</span>; αὐδή <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>40</span>; feelings or states, ἡ. ὕπνος <span class="bibl">Il.4.131</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.364</span>, al.; κοῖτος <span class="bibl">19.510</span>; ἡδὺ μάλα κνώσσουσα <span class="bibl">4.809</span>; <b class="b3">ἡδὺς μῦθος</b>, opp. [[ἀλγεινός]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>12</span>: c. inf., φέγγος ἥδιον δρακεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>602</span>; <b class="b3">ἡδὺς ἀκοῦσαι [λόγος</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>81d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>503</span>; later ἡ. ἀκουσθῆναι <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>9</span>; εἰ . . τόδε πᾶσι φίλον καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο <span class="bibl">Il.4.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.387</span>: c. inf., οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε μετὰ φρεσὶν ἡδὺ γένοιτο ζωέμεν <span class="bibl">Od.24.435</span>; ἁδύ τι θαρσαλέαις τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον ἐλπίσι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>536</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">οὔ μοι ἥδιόν ἐστι λέγειν</b> I had [[rather]] not... <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.46</span>: neut. as [[substantive]], τὸ δι' ἀκοῆς τε καὶ δι' ὄψεως ἡδύ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>298a</span>; <b class="b3">μεμιγμένον τῷ σεμνῷ τὸ ἡ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>1</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἡ</b>. [[pleasures]], <span class="bibl">Th.5.105</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>495a</span>, etc.: neut. as adverb, <b class="b3">ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἡδὺ γέλασσαν</b> [[merrily]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.270</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἁδὺ δὲ καὶ τὺ συρίσδες</b> [[sweetly]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> after Hom., of persons, [[welcome]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>82</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>530</span> (Sup.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>929</span>; ironically, ἥδιστος . . δεσμώτης ἔσω θακεῖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>105</span>; like [[εὐήθης]], [[innocent]], [[simple]], ὡς ἡ. εἶ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>491e</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Art.</span>17</span>, etc.: Sup., <b class="b3">ὦ ἥδιστε</b> [[my good friend]] (iron.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>348c</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[well-pleased]], [[glad]], ἡδίους ἔσεσθ' ἀκούσαντες <span class="bibl">D.23.64</span>; ἡδίους ταῖς ἐλπίσιν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cam.</span>32</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν γνώμην ἡδίω πρὸς τὸ μέλλον ποιεῖν</b> to open [[a pleasanter]] view of the future, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fab.</span>5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> Adv. [[ἡδέως]] [[pleasantly]], [[with pleasure]], καθεύδειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>43b</span>; εὕδειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>175</span>; δρᾶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>70</span>; ὁρᾶν τινα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1122</span>; βίοτον ἄγειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>453</span>; [[λαβεῖν]], [[δέχεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>440</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ. ἂν ἐροίμην</b> I would [[gladly]] ask, should [[like to]] ask, <span class="bibl">D.18.64</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ. ἔχειν τι</b> to be [[pleased]] or [[content]] with, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>647</span> (but <b class="b3">ἵν' ἡ δόκησις Ξοῦθον ἡ. ἔχῃ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1602</span>); <b class="b3">οὐδὲ πότων ἡ. εἶχον</b> had no [[inclination to]] drink, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>3.13</span>; τινος, of a person, Macho ap.<span class="bibl">Ath.13.577e</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ. ἔχειν πρὸς ἅπαντας</b> to be [[suave]], [[courteous]] towards... <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.20</span>; τινι <span class="bibl">D.5.15</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ. ἔχειν</b>, of things, to be [[pleasant]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>483</span>; ἡ. ἔμοιγε κἀλγεινῶς ἅμα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>436</span>; iron., <b class="b3">ἡ. γε</b> '[[prettily]] said', <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>300c</span>: Comp. ἥδιον <span class="bibl">Lys.7.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.67</span>, etc.: Sup., ἥδιστα μεντἂν ἤκουσα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>183d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. neut. [[ἡδύ]] as adverb (v. supr.), cf. ἥδομαι. [ἥδῐον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1101</span> ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]), <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">V.</span>298</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Alex.25.6</span>, but <b class="b3">ἡδίον (α) [ῑ</b>] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>251</span>, etc.] (Skt. [[svādús]], Lat. [[suāvis]].) </span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1154.png Seite 1154]] εῖα, ύ, bei Hom. auch 2 Endgn, ἡδὺς [[ἀϋτμή]], Od. 12, 369; im acc. ἁδέα, χαίταν, πόρτιν, Theocr. 20, 8 u. Mosch. 3, 83, wie τὸν ἁδέα Theocr. 20, 44; fem. ion. ἡδέα, ἡδέη (vgl. [[ἥδομαι]]), [[erfreulich]], [[anmuthig]], zunächst vom Geschmack, [[süß]], bes. vom Wein, Od. 4, 51. 9, 197; [[δεῖπνον]], 20, 391; vom Geruch, 4, 446. 9, 210. 12, 369; vom Gehör, ἡδεῖα [[ἀοιδή]], 8, 64; [[αὐδή]], Hes. Th. 40; [[ἀκοή]], Pind. P. 1, 90; ὀμφαί, N. 10, 33; vom Gesicht, τί γὰρ γυναικὶ τούτου [[φέγγος]] ἥδιον [[δρακεῖν]]; Aesch. Ag. 588; Plat. sagt τὸ δι' ἀκοῆς τε καὶ ὄψεως ἡδύ, Hipp. mai. 296 a; übh. von angenehmen, sinnlichen Empfindungen, z. B. [[ὕπνος]], oft Hom., wie Eur. Hec. 916; ἡδὺς [[κοῖτος]], Od. 19, 510; ἡδὺ κνώσσειν, 4, 809; [[εὐνή]], Pind. P. 9, 42; [[χάρις]], I. 5, 48; [[ἐλπίς]], P. 4, 201; [[μῦθος]] οὔθ' ἡδὺς οὔτ' [[ἀλγεινός]], Soph. Ant. 12; [[φάτις]], El. 56; λόγους ἡδεῖς φέρειν, in das geistig Angenehme, Erfreuliche übergehend; bes. häufig ἡδύ μοί ἐστι oder γίγνεται, es ist mir angenehm, lieb, erfreulich, Il. 4, 17. 7, 387 Od. 24, 235; ἡδύ τι θαρσαλέαις τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον ἐλπίσι, schön, angenehm ist es, Aesch. Prom. 534; οὐ γὰρ αὐδᾶν ἡδὺ τἀκίνητ' ἔπη Soph. O. C. 630; πεισ τέον κεἰ μηδὲν ἡδύ, auch wenn es nicht Freude macht, O. R. 1516; ἡδὺ τὸ φῶς βλέπειν Eur. I. A. 1218, öfter; [[ταῦτα]] γὰρ τούτοις ἀκούειν ἡδέα, angenehm zu hören, Ar. Vesp. 503; ἀκούειν τὰ ἥδιστα Thuc. 7, 14, wie ἡδὺς ἀκοῦσαι [[λόγος]] Plat. Men. 81 d u. öfter; εἰ μὴ ἡδὺ Πρωταγόρᾳ Prot. 338 a; [[εἴπερ]] σοί γε ἡδύ Legg. I, 643 a; νῦν μοί σε ἡδύ ἐστι ἐπείρεσθαι τὰ [[θέλω]] Her. 7, 101, es beliebt mir zu fragen. – Gegensätze sind λυπ ηρός, Plat. Legg. V, 733 a, [[ἀνιαρός]], Prot. 355 b Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 42, [[ἀλγεινός]], Plat. Tim. 64 a. – Τὰ ἡδέα, sinnliche Genüsse, Vergnügungen, nach Plat. Prot. 351 d τὰ ἡδονῆς μετέχοντα ἢ ποιοῦντα ἡδονήν. – Von Menschen, [[angenehm]], [[freundlich]], froh, ἥδιστος [[ἀνήρ]] Soph. Phil. 526, vgl. O. R. 82; ἡδεῖαν θεόν Eur. Phoen. 402; ἡδίους ταῖς ἐλπίσιν ἐγένοντο Plut. Cam. 32; ἡδίους ἔσεσθε ἀκούσαντες Dem. 23, 64. – Bei Plat. häufig mit leichter Ironie, auch tadelnd, gutmüthig, gutherzig, einfältig, ὡς ἡδὺς εἶ, τοὺς ἠλιθίους λέγεις σώφρονας Gorg. 491 e; [[εἰκός]] γε, ἔφη, ὦ ἥδιστε Rep. I, 348 c, öfter; Sp., ὁ δ' [[οὕτως]] [[ἡδύς]] ἐστιν ὥςτε Strab. I, 54; εἰρωνευομένη μετὰ γέλωτος, ὡς [[ἡδύς]], ἔφασκεν Plut. Artax. 17; Luc. Dem. enc. 24. – Comparat. u. superlat. ἡδίων u. ἥδιστος, selten ἡδύτερος, Phocyl. 183 u. Sp., wie P^hilip. 64 Tull. Gemin. 7 (IX, 247. 707); auch ἡδύτατος, wie Schol. Ar. Plut. 1021; Plut. de fort. p. 305; Ep. ad. 98 (XI, 298). – Adv. [[ἡδέως]], [[angenehm]], behaglich, [[ἡδέως]] εὕδειν Soph. Tr. 175; βίοτον [[ἡδέως]] ἄγειν Eur. Cycl. 452; [[ἡδέως]] ζῆν Plat. Prot. 351 b u. öfter; [[ἡδέως]] ἔχειν [[πρός]] τινα Isocr. 1, 20, [[wohlwollend]] gegen Einen gesinnt sein, wie Plut. Cim. 8; [[ἡδέως]] ἔχουσιν ἡμῖν, Dem. 5, 15; [[ἡδέως]] ἔχειν τινός, Hippocr.; Ath. XIII, 581 c; vgl. noch ἀλλ' [[ἡδέως]] ἔμοιγε κἀλγεινῶς ἅμα Soph. Ant. 432; [[gern]], δέχεσθαι, [[λαβεῖν]], Ar. Equ. 440 u. A.; [[ἡδέως]] ἂν ἀκούσαιμι Plat. Rep. V, 470 a; ἥδιστα μέντ' ἂν ἤκουσα Theaet. 183 d. – Hom. braucht auch ἡδύ adverbialisch, ἡδὺ γέλασσαν, sie lachten behaglich, Il. 2, 270 u. oft, dem ausgelassenen Gelächter entgeggstzt; auch ἡδὺ κνώσσειν, Od. 4, 809.

|btext=[[ἡδεῖα]], ἡδύ ; <i>gén.</i> ἡδέος, ἡδείας, ἡδέος;<br />agréable, doux :<br /><b>I.</b> <i>en parl. de choses</i> :<br /><b>1</b> [[doux au goût]];<br /><b>2</b> [[doux à l'odorat]], [[parfumé]], [[embaumé]];<br /><b>3</b> doux à l'oreille (parole, chant, <i>etc.</i>);<br /><b>4</b> [[doux]] <i>en gén.</i> (sommeil, <i>etc.</i>) : ἡδύ ἐστι <i>ou</i> γίγνεται ([[τόδε]]) IL (cela) est agréable, charmant ; ἡδύ ἐστι <i>ou</i> γίγνεται avec un inf. OD il est agréable de ; <i>adv. au neutre</i> : • ἡδὺ γελᾶν IL rire doucement ; <i>subst.</i> τὸ ἡδύ PLAT l'agrément ; τὰ [[ἡδέα]] THC les plaisirs;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>en parl. de pers.</i> :<br /><b>1</b> [[agréable]], [[charmant]] ; ὦ ἥδιστε PLAT mon très doux ami ; <i>avec une nuance d’ironie</i> facile, simple ; plaisant : ἡδὺς γὰρ [[εἶ]], ἔφη PLAT car tu es plaisant, dit-il;<br /><b>2</b> qui éprouve du plaisir : [[ἡδύς]] εἰμι ἀκούσας DÉM je suis charmé d’avoir entendu;<br /><i>Cp.</i> [[ἡδίων]], <i>rar.</i> ἡδύτερος, <i>Sp.</i> [[ἥδιστος]], <i>rar.</i> ἡδύτατος.<br />'''Étymologie:''' R. ΣϜαδ &gt; Ἁδ, être agréable ; [[ἡδύς]] p. *σϜαδύς = <i>lat.</i> suavis, p. *svadvis.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[sweet]], [[tasteful]], [[pleasant]], [[pleasing]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Dor. [[ἁδύς]], El. etc. [[Ϝαδύς]]<br />Compounds: very often as 1. member, e. g. <b class="b3">ἡδυ-επής</b> [[with sweet words]], [[sounding pleasant]] (Il.); as 2. member <b class="b3">-ηδής</b>, s. [[ἥδομαι]]. On [[ἡδίων]] (rare a. late [[ἡδύτερος]]), [[ἥδιστος]] s. Seiler Steigerungsformen 57f.<br />Derivatives: [[ἥδυμος]] [[sweet]], [[comforting]], dactylic variant of [[ἡδύς]], of [[ὕπνος]] (Il.; in Hom. always wrongly [[νήδυμος]], s. Bechtel Lex. s. v., Leumann Hom. Wörter 44f.), also <b class="b3">Α῝δυμος</b> [[as PN]]; cf. [[ἔτυμος]] and Schwyzer 494, Chantraine Formation 151f.; [[ἡδύλος]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, hypocoristic enlargement (A. D., EM) with [[ἡδυλίζω]] [[flatter]], [[tempt]] (Men.), <b class="b3">ἡδυλίσαι συνουσιάσαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἡδυλισμός συνουσία</b> H.; also as PN with `[[Ηδυλίνη]] (Attica IVa), `[[Ηδύλειος]] (Delos IIIa); further `[[Ηδυτώ]] (Attica Va; after [[Ἐρατώ]] a. o.), `[[Ηδάριον]] (Rhodes; after the dimin. in <b class="b3">-άριον</b>). Backformation [[ἦδος]] [[vinegar]] (Ath.), cf. [[γᾶδος]] (= <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>) [[γάλα]], <b class="b3">ἄλλοι ὄξος</b> H., on the meaning Schwyzer Festschrift Kretschmer 244ff.; also Pisani KZ 68, 176f. (where unclear Arm. k<b class="b2">ac̣ax</b> [[vinegar]] is discussed). Denomin. verb [[ἡδύνω]] [[sweeten]], [[make tasteful]], [[spice]] (IA.) with [[ἥδυσμα]], <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> [[spice]] (Ion.-Att.), [[ἡδυσμός]], <b class="b3">ἡδυν-τός</b>, <b class="b3">-τικός</b>, <b class="b3">-τήρ</b> <b class="b2">spiced etc.</b> (also from salt).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1039] <b class="b2">*sueh₂d-</b> [[sweet]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[sweet]], identical with Skt. <b class="b2">svādú-</b>, Gaul. [[Suadu-rīx]], [[-genus]], IE <b class="b2">*sueh₂dú-s</b>; also Lat. [[suāvis]], Germ., e. g. OHG [[suozi]], OE. [[swēte]] [[sweet]]. The full grade perhaps from the comparative [[ἡδίων]], Skt. <b class="b2">svā́dīyas-</b> (also [[ἥδιστος]] = <b class="b2">svā́diṣṭha-</b>). The zero grade in Lith. <b class="b2">súdyti</b> [[spice]], [[salt]], Skt. <b class="b2">sūdáyati</b>, perf. pl. <b class="b2">su-ṣūd-imá</b> [[make tasteful]]. - Forms in W.-Hofmann s. [[suāvis]]. S. also [[ἥδομαι]], [[ἁνδάνω]].

|ftr='''ἡδύς''': {hēdús}<br />'''Forms''': dor. [[ἁδύς]], el. usw. ϝαδύς<br />'''Meaning''': [[süß]], [[wohlschmeckend]], [[angenehm]], [[erfreulich]] (seit Il.);<br />'''Composita''' : sehr oft als Vorderglied, z. B. [[ἡδυεπής]] [[mit süßen Worten]], [[angenehm lautend]] (ep. poet.); als Hinterglied fungiert -ηδής, s. [[ἥδομαι]]. Zu [[ἡδίων]] (selten u. spät ἡδύτερος), [[ἥδιστος]] s. Seiler Steigerungsformen 57f.<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[ἥδυμος]] [[suß]], [[erquickend]], daktylische Nebenform von [[ἡδύς]], gew. von [[ὕπνος]] (ep. poet. seit Il.; bei Hom. immer fälschlich [[νήδυμος]], s. Bechtel Lex. s. v., Leumann Hom. Wörter 44f.), auch Ἅδυμος als EN; vgl. [[ἔτυμος]] und Schwyzer 494, Chantraine Formation 151f.; [[ἡδύλος]] ib., hypokoristische Erweiterung (A. D., ''EM'') mit [[ἡδυλίζω]] [[schmeicheln]], [[verlocken]] (Men.), ἡδυλίσαι· συνουσιάσαι, [[ἡδυλισμός]]· [[συνουσία]] H.; auch als EN mit Ἡδυλίνη (Attika IV^a), [[Ἡδύλειος]] (Delos III^a); dazu noch Ἡδυτώ (Attika V^a; nach [[Ἐρατώ]] u. a.), Ἡδάριον (Rhodos; nach den Demin. auf -άριον). Rückbildung [[ἦδος]] [[Essig]] (Ath. u. a.), vgl. γᾶδος (= ϝ-)· [[γάλα]], ἄλλοι [[ὄξος]] H., zur Bedeutung Schwyzer Festschrift Kretschmer 244ff.; auch Pisani KZ 68, 176f. (wo noch das mehrdeutige arm. ''k''‘''ac̣ax'' [[Essig]] herangezogen wird). Denominatives Verb [[ἡδύνω]] [[versüßen]], [[schmackhaft machen]], [[würzen]] (ion. att.) mit [[ἥδυσμα]], -[[μάτιον]] [[Würze]] (ion. att.), [[ἡδυσμός]] [[süßer Geschmack]] (LXX), [[ἡδυντός]], -τικός, -τήρ [[gewürzt]] (auch auf das Salz bezogen).<br />'''Etymology''' : Altes Wort für [[süß]], mit aind. ''svādú''-, gall. ''Suadu''-''rīx'', -''genus'' identisch, idg. *''suādú''-''s''; dazu noch mit regelmäßiger Umbildung des ''u''-Stammes lat. ''suāvis'', germ., z. B. ahd. ''suozi'', ags. ''swēte'' [[süß]]. Die auffallende Hochstufe des Positivs stammt wahrscheinlich aus dem Komparativ [[ἡδίων]], aind. ''svā́dīyas''- (wozu noch [[ἥδιστος]] = ''svā́diṣṭha''-). Die Schwundstufe ist durch lit. ''súdyti'' [[würzen]], [[salzen]], aind. ''sūdáyati'', Perf. pl. ''su''-''ṣūd''-''imá'' [[schmackhaft machen]], [[gehörig einrichten]] vertreten. — Weitere Formen mit Lit. bei WP. 2, 516f., W.-Hofmann s. ''suāvis''. S. auch [[ἥδομαι]], [[ἁνδάνω]].<br />'''Page''' 1,623