simul: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>sĭmŭl</b>: ([[ante]]-[[class]]. also sĕmŭl, Plaut. Trin. prol. p. 97 Ritschl;<br /><b>I</b><br /> v. [[infra]]; and sĕ-mŏl, C. I. L. 1175 fin.; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 96; cf. also [[simitu]]. The [[final]] l of [[simul]] [[was]] [[scarcely]] [[pronounced]] in the vulg. lang., and in [[comic]] [[poetry]] does not [[make]] [[position]] [[with]] an [[initial]] consonant [[following]]; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 643 sq.; Lorenz ad Plaut. Ps. 567), adv. Sanscr. sama-; Gr. ἅμα, ὅμος; cf. [[semel]], = [[eodem]] tempore, unā, at the [[same]] [[time]], [[together]], at [[once]], as [[soon]] as.<br /><b>I</b> Referring, as [[temporal]] adverb, to plural nouns of the [[same]] [[sentence]], and representing persons or things as acting, happening, etc., [[simultaneously]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; After a plural [[subject]]: hunc [[ambo]] in saxo semul sedent ejecti, Plaut. Rud. prol. 72: [[multa]] concurrunt [[simul]], Ter. And. 3, 2, 31: (duo homines) [[simul]] cenare voluerunt, Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14: Zmyrnae cum [[simul]] essemus compluris [[dies]], id. Rep. 1, 8, 13: [[tres]] [[simul]] soles effulserunt, Liv. 41, 21 fin.: tria [[simul]] agmina populabantur Indos, Curt. 9, 10, 7: duo [[simul]] hujusmodi personae Ciceroni obstiterunt, Quint. 11, 1, 69: Othonem [[multa]] [[simul]] exstimulabant, Tac. H. 1, 21; Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 2; id. Att. 5, 10, 5; Liv. 21, 33, 3; 41, 2 init.; Curt. 4, 15, 22.—Sometimes the [[logical]] [[subject]] is understood: multos modios salis [[simul]] (i. e. amicis) edendos esse, Cic. Lael. 19, 67.—Sometimes [[both]] the [[subject]] and [[predicate]] are understood: [[quare]] si [[simul]] (i. e. nos agere) placebit, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a plur. [[object]]: (Alcumena) uno partu duos peperit semul, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 8: duas res [[simul]] [[nunc]] agere [[decretum]]'st mihi, Plaut. Merc. prol. 1: si duos consules [[simul]] ex Italiā ejectos ... res publica [[tenere]] potuisset, Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29: [[ambo]] cum [[simul]] conspicimus, Liv. 40, 46 init.: [[simul]] omnibus portis erupit, id. 40, 48 fin.; cf. Auct. Her. 3, 12, 22; Liv. 8, 37, 5; 21, 60; 40, 30; 42, 7; Curt. 5, 9, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 76; 10, 3, 23; 10, 7, 16.—So [[with]] [[singular]] implying a plural: tota ([[urbs]]) [[simul]] exsurgere aedificiis coepit, Liv. 6, 4, 6: totam [[simul]] causam ponit [[ante]] oculos, Quint. 6, 1, 1.—After an adverb. implying a plural [[noun]]: [[igitur]] [[undique]] [[simul]] (i. e. ex omnibus locis [[simul]]) speculatores citi [[sese]] ostendunt, Sall. J. 101, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to plural attributes: omnium [[simul]] rerum ... discrimine proposito, Liv. 6, 35, 6: multarum [[simul]] civitatium legati Romam convenerunt, id. 43, 6, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to an attributive participle understood: [[multitudo]] plurium [[simul]] gentium (= [[simul]] [[eodem]] [[loco]] versantium), Liv. 44, 45: trium [[simul]] bellorum [[victor]] (= [[eodem]] tempore gestorum), id. 6, 4, 1: [[inter]] duo [[simul]] bella, id. 7, 27, 7: tot [[simul]] malis victi, Curt. 4, 4, 12.<br /><b>II</b> Referring to nouns, etc., [[connected]] by the preposition cum: [[simul]] cum = unā cum (v. una, s. v. [[unus]]), [[together]] [[with]]: [[novi]] (illum) cum Calchā semul, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 48: jube in urbem veniat jam [[tecum]] semul, id. Most. 4, 2, 26: qui ipsus [[equidem]] [[nunc]] [[primum]] istanc [[tecum]] [[conspicio]] semul? id. Am. 2, 2, 122: me misisti ad portum cum [[luci]] semul, id. Stich. 2, 2, 40: quae ([[amicitia]]) incepta a parvis cum aetate adcrevit [[simul]], Ter. And. 3, 3, 7: [[simul]] [[consilium]] cum re amīsti? id. Eun. 2, 2, 10: Critolaum [[simul]] cum Diogene venisse commemoras, Cic. Or. 2, 38, 100: [[Hortensius]] [[tecum]] [[simul]] pro Appio Claudio dixit, id. Brut. 64, 230: cum corporibus [[simul]] animos interire, id. Lael. 4, 13: vobiscum [[simul]] considerantis, id. Rep. 1, 46, 70: [[testamentum]] Cyri [[simul]] obsignavi cum Clodio, id. Mil. 18, 48: [[simul]] cum lege Aeliā magistratum iniit, id. Att. 1, 16, 13: [[simul]] cum lumine pandit, id. Arat. 704 (452): [[simul]] cum moribus immutatur [[fortuna]], Sall. C. 2, 5: cum animā [[simul]], id. ib. 33, 4: [[simul]] cum occasu solis, id. J. 91, 2: [[simul]] cum [[dono]] designavit templi [[finis]], Liv. 1, 10, 5: si ([[dictator]]) se (Fabium) [[simul]] cum gloriā rei gestae extinxisset, id. 8, 31, 7: ut cresceret [[simul]] et [[neglegentia]] cum audaciā hosti, id. 31, 36, 7; cf. Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 136; id. Aul. 4, 4, 28; id. Bacch. 4, 1, 5; id. Cist. 4, 2, 105; id. Ep. 1, 1, 39; id. Men. prol. 27; 2, 3, 54; 5, 1, 36; id. Merc. 2, 1, 31; id. Most. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 13; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 40; id. de Or. 2, 33, 142; 3, 3, 10; id. Arch. 12, 30; id. Sest. 22, 50; id. Fam. 15, 4, 8; Liv. 1, 31, 3; Nep. 3, 2; 11, 3; 18, 3; 23, 6; Quint. 11, 3, 65; Hor. Epod. 1, 8; id. S. 1, 1, 58.—Strengthened by una: [[quippe]] omnes semul didicimus [[tecum]] unā, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 50; cf. id. Most. 4, 3, 43.—With [[ellipsis]] of [[mecum]]: qui scribis morderi te [[interdum]] [[quod]] non [[simul]] sis, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 8.—Freq. cum eo (eis, etc.) [[must]] be supplied [[after]] [[simul]], [[likewise]], [[together]] [[with]] him, [[them]], etc.: in vigiliam [[quando]] ibat [[miles]], tum tu ibas semul (i. e. cum eo)? Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 86: cum [[simul]] P. [[Rutilius]] venisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17: hos qui [[simul]] erant missi, fallere, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: [[prae]] metu ne [[simul]] (i. e. cum iis) Romanus irrumperet, Liv. 5, 13, 13: [[extra]] turbam ordinem conlocuntur semul (i. e. [[inter]] se), Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 180; Cic. Pis. 34, 84; Liv. 6, 11, 5; Curt. 8, 13, 3.—Simul [[with]] abl. [[alone]] = cum [[with]] abl. ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]; cf. Gr. ἅμα [[with]] dat.): [[simul]] his, Hor. S. 1, 10, 86: [[quippe]] [[simul]] nobis habitat, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 29: his [[simul]], Sil. 3, 268: Magnetibus [[simul]] transmissi, Tac. A. 4, 55: quindecimviri septemviris [[simul]], id. ib. 3, 64; cf. id. ib. 6, 9; Sil. 5, 418; Sen. [[Troad]]. 1049.<br /><b>III</b> Referring to a [[preceding]] adverb. [[clause]], at the [[same]] [[time]], i.e. as [[that]] of the [[action]] described: juris ubi dicitur [[dies]], [[simul]] patronis dicitur, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 17: [[quamquam]] ego [[vinum]] [[bibo]], at mandata hau consuevi semul bibere una (= bibere [[quom]] [[vinum]] [[bibo]], una cum vino), id. Pers. 2, 1, 3: [[quando]] [[nihil]] [[sit]] ([[quod]] det), semul [[amare]] desinat, id. Ps. 1, 3, 73 Fleck.: ubi res prolatae sunt, [[quom]] rus homines eunt, semul prolatae res sunt nostris dentibus, id. Capt. 1, 1, 10; id. Ps. 4, 7, 84; cf.: domum [[numquam]] introibis, [[nisi]] feres pallam [[simul]] (i. e. cum introibis), Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 104.<br /> Referring to [[two]] or [[more]] co-[[ordinate]] terms or facts representing these as simultaneous, and at the [[same]] [[time]], and also, [[both]] ... and (at [[once]]), [[together]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to co-[[ordinate]] terms of the [[same]] [[sentence]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Simul [[preceding]] all the coordinate terms [[which]] are [[connected]] by et, ac, [[atque]], que, or by et ... et (freq. in the histt.): semul flere sorbereque [[haud]] [[facile]] est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 104: Q. Hortensi [[ingenium]] [[simul]] aspectum et probatum est, Cic. Brut. 64, 228: [[Bomilcar]], [[simul]] [[cupidus]] incepta patrandi, et timore socii [[anxius]], Sall. J. 70, 5: dicenti lacrimae [[simul]] spiritum et vocem intercluserunt, Liv. 40, 16 init.: quae [[simul]] [[auxilio]] tribunicio et consensu [[plebis]] impediri coepta, id. 6, 27, 9: Lycios sub Rhodiorum [[simul]] imperio et tutelā esse, id. 41, 6 fin.: Priverni qui [[simul]] a Fundanis ac Romanis defecerunt, id. 8, 19, 11: [[simul]] divinae humanaeque spei pleni pugnam poscunt, id. 10, 40, 1: eximio [[simul]] honoribus [[atque]] virtutibus, id. 6, 11, 3: obruit animum [[simul]] [[luctus]] metusque, id. 42, 28; 5, 26, 10; Val. Max. 5, 2, 6: [[simul]] ipsum Vitellium contemnebant metuebantque, Tac. H. 2, 92; cf. Liv. 3, 38, 12; 3, 50, 12; 5, 7, 3; 6, 18, 5; 6, 33, 9; 6, 40, 4; 9, 12, 4; 27, 51, 12; Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Curt. 5, 4, 30; Sen. Q. N. 2, 54, 2.—So [[with]] [[three]] or [[more]] co-[[ordinate]] terms, [[either]] all [[connected]] by et, Caes. B. G. 4, 24, 2; Quint. 1, 12, 3; 10, 7, 23; or asyndetic: [[nunc]] [[simul]] res, [[fides]], [[fama]], [[virtus]], [[decus]] deseruerunt, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Simul [[after]] all the coordinate terms ([[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].): [[nunc]] operam potestis [[ambo]] mihi [[dare]] et [[vobis]] [[simul]], Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 40: faxo et operam et [[vinum]] perdiderit [[simul]], id. Aul. 3, 6, 42: ut si [[quis]] sacrilegii et homicidii [[simul]] accusetur, Quint. 12, 1, 4; cf. Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; id. Men. 3, 3, 16; Mart. 11, 58, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Simul [[after]] the [[first]] of the co-[[ordinate]] terms (so not in Cic.): convenit [[regnum]] [[simul]] [[atque]] locos ut haberet, Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 6, fr. 3: oculis [[simul]] ac mente turbatum, Liv. 7, 26, 5: [[quod]] ubi auditum [[simul]] visumque est, id. 8, 39, 7: pulvere [[simul]] ac sudore perfusum, Curt. 3, 5, 2: terrestri [[simul]] navalique clade, id. 4, 3, 14: vota nuncupabantur [[simul]] et solvebantur, Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5: qui ima [[simul]] ac [[summa]] foveret [[aequaliter]], Sen. Ep. 90, 25; cf. Liv. 4, 32, 12; Curt. 3, 8, 23; 6, 5, 19; 8, 5, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 30.—In [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]] [[without]] [[any]] [[temporal]] [[idea]], = as [[well]] as: populi Romani facta [[simul]] ac dicta memoratu digna ... deligere constitui, Val. Max. 1 prol.; so id. 1, 1, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Placed [[before]] the [[last]] [[term]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul et (= [[simul]] [[etiam]]), and at the [[same]] [[time]], and also: [[Jugurtha]], [[postquam]] [[oppidum]] Capsam aliosque locos munitos, [[simul]] et magnam pecuniam amiserat, Sall. J. 97, 1: [[Marium]] fatigantem de profectione, [[simul]] et invisum et offensum, id. ib. 73, 2: [[Marius]] hortandi causā, [[simul]] et nobilitatem exagitandi, contionem advocavit, id. ib. 84, 5: milites modesto imperio habiti, [[simul]] et locupletes, id. ib. 92, 2: [[Perseus]] cum adventu consulis, [[simul]] et veris [[principio]] strepere omnia cerneret, Liv. 44, 34 fin.; cf. Hor. C. 1, 20, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simulque ([[rare]]): ut ([[materia]]) [[fragilis]] incumberet, simulque [[terra]] umore diluta, Curt. 8, 10, 25.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul, [[without]] [[any]] [[conjunction]] (so in Cic., [[but]] [[only]] [[poet]].): Neptuno [[grates]] [[habeo]] et tempestatibus, semul Mercurio qui, etc., Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 3: [[Electra]] Stereopeque, [[simul]] sanctissima Maja, Cic. Arat. 270 (36): [[inter]] solis [[iter]], [[simul]] [[inter]] [[flamina]] venti, id. ib. 342 (101): [[ambiguus]] consilii, num Dyrrhachium pedite [[atque]] equite, [[simul]] longis navibus [[mare]] clauderet, Tac. H. 2, 83. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> Inserted in the [[last]] [[term]] ([[poet]].): [[memor]] Actae non [[alio]] rege puertiae, Mutataeque [[simul]] togae, Hor. C. 1, 36, 9; [[interea]] [[Maecenas]] advenit [[atque]] Coccejus, Capitoque [[simul]] Fontejus, id. S. 1, 5, 32.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to [[two]] or [[more]] co-[[ordinate]] clauses or sentences.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Et [[simul]] or simulque: contundam facta Talthybi, contem [[namque]] omnes nuntios, semulque cursuram meditabor ad ludos Olympios, Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 34: eamus, et de [[istac]] [[simul]] [[consilium]] [[volo]] capere una [[tecum]], i. e. [[while]] [[going]], Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 65: [[quod]] ... et [[simul]] [[quia]], Lucr. 5, 1181: [[ratio]] Ecquaenam fuerit [[origo]] ... et [[simul]] ecquae [[sit]] [[finis]], etc., id. 5, 1213: sed iidem [[illi]] ita [[mecum]] loquuntur ... et [[simul]] admonent quiddam [[quod]] cavebimus, etc., Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 28: ex tuis litteris cognovi festinationem tuam, et [[simul]] [[sum]] admiratus [[cur]], etc., id. Fam. 7, 8, 1: emergit Nixi [[caput]], et [[simul]] effert [[sese]] clara Fides et, etc., id. Arat. 713 (460): [[postquam]] Rutilium consedisse accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae [[proelio]] clamorem augeri, Sall. J. 52, 6: equites ex equis desiliunt, simulque et hosti se opponunt, et animos [[peditum]] accendunt, Liv. 3, 62, 8: tum rigere omnibus corpora ... et [[simul]] lassitudine et ... [[fame]] [[etiam]] deficere, id. 21, 54, 9; 41, 3; Cic. Arat. 504 (259); 545 (299); Curt. 4, 2, 21; Quint. 2, 5, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Simul [[with]] [[autem]] or [[enim]], introducing the [[second]] [[sentence]]: [[salve]]! [[simul]] [[autem]] [[vale]]! Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1: augeamus [[sane]] suspicionem tuam; [[simul]] [[enim]] augebimus diligentiam, Cic. Marc. 7, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Simul [[preceding]] co-[[ordinate]] sentences, [[generally]] [[connected]] by et ... et, [[but]] also by a [[single]] [[copulative]] [[conjunction]]: [[simul]] [[enim]] et rei publicae consules, et propones ei exempla ad imitandum, Cic. Phil. 10, 2, 5: [[illa]] [[autem]] altera [[ratio]] quae [[simul]] et opinionem falsam tollit, et aegritudinem detrahit, id. Tusc. 4, 28, 60: [[simul]] et inopiam frumenti lenire, et ignaris omnibus parare, Sall. J. 91, 1: [[nullus]] [[portus]] erat qui [[simul]] et omnīs onerarias caperet, et tecta legionibus praeberet, Liv. 32, 18, 3: [[simul]] et [[cohors]] invasit, et ex omnibus oppidi partibus ... concurrerunt, id. 32, 24, 3: [[simul]] Metelli imagines dereptae, et missi qui Antonio nuntiarent. Tac. H. 3, 13; cf. Suet. Caes. 57.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Referring to co-[[ordinate]] clauses introduced by subordinating conjunctions: Mnesilochum ut requiram [[atque]] ut eum [[mecum]] ad te adducam semul, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 2: [[tantum]] faciam ut notam apponam ... et [[simul]] significem, etc., Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2: [[quod]] eo liberius ad te seribo, [[quia]] nostrae laudi favisti, simulque [[quod]] [[video]] non novitati esse invisum meae, id. ib. 1, 7, 8; 7, 10, 3.—If used in connecting [[dependent]] clauses, [[simul]] [[often]] stands for a co-ordinating [[conjunction]]; v. VI. [[infra]].<br /> Introducing an [[independent]] [[sentence]], at the [[same]] [[time]], also, [[likewise]] (cf.: [[itaque]], [[igitur]], [[deinde]], tum, etc.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul [[alone]]: ego Tiresiam consulam [[quid]] faciundum censeat: semul hanc rem ut facta est eloquar, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 77: sequimini! [[simul]] circumspicite ne [[quis]] adsit [[arbiter]], id. Mil. 4, 4, 1: alterum [[ipse]] efficiam ut [[attente]] audiatis. Simul illud oro: si, etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10: hoc proprium virtutis existimant ... [[simul]] hoc se [[fore]] tutiores arbitrantur, Caes. B. G. 6, 23: Valerio Samnitium legiones occurrunt ... [[simul]] in Campanos stimulabat ira, Liv. 7, 32, 3: [[tibi]] ([[Apollo]]) decimam partem praedae [[voveo]]. Te [[simul]], [[Juno]], [[precor]] ut, etc., id. 5, 21, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; More freq. [[simul]] et (= [[etiam]]): [[quia]] videbitur Magis verisimile id esse ... [[simul]] et conficiam facilius ego [[quod]] [[volo]], Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 55: nolite committere ut in re tam inveteratā quidquam [[novi]] sentiatis. Simul et [[illa]] omnia [[ante]] oculos vestros proponite, etc., Cic. Balb. 28, 65: demonstravi haec Caecilio. Simul et illud ostendi, me ei satisfacturum, id. Att. 1, 1, 4: legati jam reverterant ... [[simul]] venerant et ab rege Perseo oratores qui, etc., Liv. 41, 19 med.: [[ipse]] ad [[Sycurium]] [[progressus]], opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit. Simul et frumentari [[passim]] exercitum jubet, id. 42, 54 fin.; cf. Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 14; Cic. Or. 2, 85, 349; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12, § 34; id. Prov. Cons. 15, 36; id. Balb. 25, 56; id. Arat. 618 (372); 628 (382); 707 (454); 721 (468); Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 6, 8; Sall. C. 30, 2; id. J. 100, 3; Liv. 8, 9, 13; 8, 32, 5; 10, 3, 2; 40, 32; 4, 49, 3; Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 52; 2, 53; 3, 15; 3, 18; 3, 20; 3, 29; 3, 42; 3, 82.<br /> Simul itself stands as co-ordinating [[conjunction]], to [[connect]] [[dependent]] clauses represented as contemporaneous, and at the [[same]] [[time]], and also (not [[ante]]-[[class]].; [[rare]] in Cic.; freq. in the histt.): ei [[Verres]] possessionem negat se daturum, ne posset patronum suum juvare, [[simul]] ut esset [[poena]] [[quod]], etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124: omnes vocat ad diripiendos [[Eburones]], ut [[potius]] Gallorum [[vita]] [[quam]] [[legionarius]] [[miles]] periclitetur, [[simul]] ut ... pro tali facinore [[stirps]] et [[nomen]] civitatis tollatur, Caes. B. G. 6, 34: [[quippe]] foedum hominem a republicā [[procul]] esse volebat; [[simul]] [[quia]] boni [[complures]] [[praesidium]] in eo putabant, Sall. C. 19, 2: cujus de virtute, [[quia]] multi dixere, praetereundum [[puto]], [[simul]] ne per insolentiam [[quis]] existumet [[memet]] [[studium]] [[meum]] laudando extollere, id. J. 4, 2: [[nihil]] horum ... discere cum cerneret posse, [[simul]] et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur, etc., Liv. 39, 47: a sermone Graeco puerum incipere [[malo]], [[quia]] Latinum vel nobis nolentibus perhibet, [[simul]] [[quia]] disciplinis [[quoque]] Graecis [[prius]] instruendus est, Quint. 1, 1, 12; Sall. J. 20, 1; Liv. 39, 33, 1; 8, 6, 11; Caes. B. C. 43, 2; Sall. C. 20, 3; 56, 5; Liv. 3, 50, 10; 40, 36 init.; Tac. H. 1, 70; 2, 15.—So, connecting participial expressions or adverbial phrases [[with]] [[dependent]] clauses: his amicis [[confisus]] [[Catilina]], [[simul]] [[quod]] aes alienum [[ingens]] erat, et [[quod]] ... opprimendae reipublicae [[consilium]] cepit, Sall. C. 16, 4: hi, [[quod]] res in invidiā erat, [[simul]] et ab Numidis obsecrati, id. J. 25, 5: ob eam iram, [[simul]] ut [[praeda]] militem aleret, duo milia [[peditum]] ... populari agrum jussit, Liv. 21, 52, 5; 3, 66, 3: equites praemisit speculatum, [[simul]] ut ignem exstinguerent, Curt. 4, 10, 11: [[Otho]], [[quamquam]] turbidis rebus, etc., [[simul]] reputans non posse, etc., Tac. H. 1, 83 init.: committere [[igitur]] eum (locum) non fidelissimis sociis noluit, [[simul]] [[quod]] ab illā parte urbis navibus [[aditus]] ex [[alto]] est, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84; Liv. 9, 2, 5; Tac. H. 1, 70 fin.; 2, 28; 2, 30.<br /> Simul. as co-ordinating [[conjunction]], is [[frequently]] placed [[before]] [[each]] of the co-[[ordinate]] terms ([[simul]] ... [[simul]] = ἅμα μὲν ... ἅμα δέ), [[partly]] ... [[partly]]; not [[only]] ... [[but]] at the [[same]] [[time]] (not anteAug.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[independent]] clauses: [[simul]] [[castra]] oppugnabantur, [[simul]] [[pars]] exercitūs ad populandum agrum Romanum [[missa]], Liv. 3, 5, 2: accolas [[Hannibal]] [[simul]] perlicit ad naves fabricandas, [[simul]] et ipsi traici exercitum cupiebant, id. 21, 26, 7: ab his [[simul]] custodes trucidari coepti, [[simul]] datum [[signum]] armatis ut ex insidiis concurrerent, id. 9, 25, 8: [[simul]] gratias agit, [[simul]] gratulatur [[quod]], etc., Curt. 6, 7, 15; cf. Verg. A. 1, 631 sq.; 2, 220 sqq.; 12, 268; Liv. 1, 9, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[dependent]] clauses: venit ad quaerendum, [[simul]] [[quod]] non deducerent praesidia, [[simul]] [[quod]] in Bithyniam auxilia missi forent, Liv. 39, 46 fin.: [[Perseus]] cum audisset, [[simul]] Meliboeam a consulis exercitu oppugnari, [[simul]] classem Iolci [[stare]], id. 44, 13 init.: [[consul]] ad Phylan ducit, [[simul]] ut [[praesidium]] firmaret, [[simul]] ut militi [[frumentum]] divideret, id. 44, 8, 1: [[simul]] questi ... [[simul]] nuntiantes, id. 42, 46: [[plus]] [[quam]] imponebatur oneris recepi, [[simul]] ut pleniore obsequio demererer amantissimos mei, [[simul]] ne ... alienis vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. 3.—Rarely connecting a [[dependent]] [[clause]] [[with]] an [[independent]] [[sentence]]: Athenas ierant, [[simul]] ut pro legatione praemio esset [[honos]], [[simul]] peritos legum peregrinarum ad condenda nova jura usui [[fore]] credebant, Liv. 3, 35, 5; cf. Verg. A. 12, 758.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Co-ordinating [[dependent]] clauses [[with]] adverbial phrases: [[Germani]] [[frequenter]] in [[castra]] venerunt, [[simul]] sui purgandi causā, [[simul]] ut de induciis impetrarent, Caes. B. G. 4, 13: [[Philippus]], [[simul]] ne ocio [[miles]] [[deterior]] fieret, [[simul]] avertendae suspicionis causā ... in Maedicam ducere pergit, Liv. 40, 21, 1. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Connecting [[single]] nouns or phrases belonging to the [[same]] [[predicate]]: cum [[simul]] [[fragor]] rupti pontis, [[simul]] [[clamor]] Romanorum impetum sustinuit, Liv. 2, 10, 10: ad se [[simul]] legatos, [[simul]] milites missos, id. 42, 52 med.: et Romae [[simul]] dilectu, [[simul]] tributo conferendo laboratum est, id. 5, 10, 3: increpando [[simul]] temeritatem, [[simul]] ignaviam, id. 2, 65, 4: tum [[vero]] si mul ab hostibus, [[simul]] ab iniquitate [[loco]] rum [[Poeni]] oppugnabantur, id. 21, 33, 5: [[inter]] [[simul]] complorationem feminarum, [[simul]] nefandam caedem, id. 41, 11: [[simul]] a mari, [[simul]] a terrā ingredienti, id. 44, 12 med.; cf. Tac. A. 1, 49; 14, 40; id. Agr. 25; 36; 41; Verg. G. 3, 201; id. A. 1, 513; Hor. S. 2, 2, 73.<br /> Simul, in [[connection]] [[with]] ac, [[atque]] (also written in one [[word]], sĭmŭlac, sĭmŭlatque), [[rarely]] [[with]] ut, and [[very]] [[rarely]] [[with]] et, is used as subordinating, [[temporal]] [[conjunction]], as [[soon]] as. For [[simulac]], etc., [[simul]] [[alone]] is freq.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul ac: [[simul]] ac lacrimas de [[ore]] noegeo (i. e. [[candido]]) detersit, Liv. And. ap. Fest. p. 174 Müll.: Demenaetum [[simul]] ac conspexero [[hodie]], Plaut. As. 2, 4, 73: non [[simul]] ac se [[ipse]] commovit, sensit [[quid]] intersit, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51: si [[simul]] ac [[procul]] conspexit armatos, recessisset, id. Caecil. 16, 46: dicebam, [[simul]] ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui, id. Phil. 2, 35, 89: [[Alcibiades]], [[simul]] ac se remiserat, [[dissolutus]] reperiebatur, Nep. Alcib. 1. 4: at mihi [[plaudo]] Ipse domi, [[simul]] ac nummos [[contemplor]] in arcā, Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 38, 108; id. Fam. 15, 16, 2; id. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; id. Or. 2, 27, 117; Verg. A. 4, 90; 12, 222; Ov. M. 2, 167; Hor. S. 1, 2, 33; 1, 4, 119; 1, 8, 21.—Strengthened by [[primum]] (= ut [[primum]]): [[simul]] ac [[primum]] ei [[occasio]] visa est, [[quaestor]] consulem deseruit, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; so id. ib. 2, 1, 52, § 138; id. Phil. 4, 1, 1; Suet. Caes. 30; id. Ner. 43.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul [[atque]]: L. [[Clodius]], [[simul]] [[atque]] [[introductus]] est, rem conficit, Cic. Clu. 14, 40: [[simul]] [[atque]] increpuit [[suspicio]] [[tumultus]], artes [[ilico]] nostrae conticescunt, id. Mur. 10, 22: [[simul]] [[atque]] audivit ejus interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit, id. Phil. 2, 37, 95: [[simul]] [[atque]] [[enim]] se infiexit hic rex in dominatum injustiorem, [[fit]] [[continuo]] [[tyrannus]], id. Rep. 2, 26, 49: [[simul]] [[atque]] sibi hic adnuisset, numeraturum se dicebat, id. Quint. 5, 18: qui, [[simul]] [[atque]] in [[oppidum]] venerat, inmittebantur [[illi]] [[continuo]] Cibyratici [[canes]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47: [[simul]] [[atque]] de Caesaris adventu cognitum est, Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; cf. Cic. Planc. 41, 98; id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Suet. Caes. 29; id. Galb. 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul ut (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33): [[simul]] ut experrecti sumus, visa [[illa]] contemnimus, Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51: [[simul]] ut accepi a Seleuco litteras tuas, [[statim]] quaesivi, etc., id. Fam. 6, 18, 1: nostros omnia consequi potuisse, [[simul]] ut velle coepissent, id. Tusc. 4, 2, 5; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3 (6, 2): [[simul]] ut, qui sint professi, videro, dicam, id. Planc. 6, 14; id. Att. 10, 4, 12: nam [[simul]] ut [[supero]] se totum lumine Cancer extulit, [[extemplo]] cedit delapsa Corona, id. Arat. 596 (349).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul et: [[simul]] et [[quid]] erit certi, scribam ad te, Cic. Att. 2, 20, 2: ego ad te [[statim]] habebo [[quod]] scribam, [[simul]] et videro Curionem, id. ib. 10, 4, 12: [[quam]] accepi [[simul]] et in Cumanum veni, id. ib. 10, 16, 4; 16, 11, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3. In all these passages the Cod. Med. has [[simul]] et, [[which]] the editors [[variously]] changed [[into]] [[simulatque]], [[simulac]], [[simul]] ut, [[simul]]; so, omne [[animal]] [[simul]] et ortum est, se ipsum diligit, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33, [[where]] the vulg. has [[simul]] ut, and Madv. reads [[simul]] [et] ortum.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul ubi: [[quod]] [[simul]] ubi conspexit, equites emisit, Liv. 4, 18, 7 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Simul [[alone]], = [[simul]] [[atque]]: [[simul]] herbae inceperint nasci, [[Cato]], R. R. 48: hic [[simul]] [[argentum]] repperit, curā [[sese]] expedivit, Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 4: [[simul]] [[limen]] intrabo, [[illi]] extrabunt [[illico]], Afran. ap. Non. 104, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 5 Rib.): [[simul]] inflavit [[tibicen]], a [[perito]] [[carmen]] agnoscitur, Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86: nostri, [[simul]] in arido constiterunt, in hostes impetum fecerunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.: [[simul]] increpuere [[arma]], [[hostis]] pedem rettulit, Liv. 6, 24, 1; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 12; id. Fin. 3, 6, 21; id. Arat. 594 (349); Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 3; Liv. 3, 62, 6; 4, 18, 6; 4, 31, 5; 4, 32, 6; 5, 25, 11; 8, 32, 2; 21, 55, 9; 44, 8 med.; 44, 19; 44, 44 fin.; Curt. 3, 11, 4; Phaedr. 3, 16, 16; Hor. C. 1, 12, 27; 3, 4, 37; Verg. G. 4, 232; Ov. F. 1, 567.—Strengthened by [[primum]]: [[simul]] [[primum]] [[magistratio]] abiit, dicta [[dies]] est, Liv. 6, 1, 6: [[simul]] [[primum]] anni [[tempus]] navigabile praebuisset [[mare]], id. 35, 44, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; Suet. Caes. 30.

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