ὅτε: Difference between revisions

|Definition=also Cypr., ''Inscr.Cypr.''135.1 H., Dor. [[ὅκα]], Aeol. [[ὄτα]] ([[quod vide|qq.v.]]), Relat. Adv., formed from the Relat. stem <b class="b3">ὁ-</b> and τε (v. τε B), answering to demonstr. [[τότε]] and interrog. [[πότε]]; prop. of [[time]], but sometimes passing into a causal sense (cf. [[ὁπότε]]).<br><span class="bld">A</span> of [[time]], [[when]], [[at the time when]],<br><span class="bld">I</span> Constr.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> with ind. to denote single events or actions in past time, with impf. or aor., [[when]], Il.1.397,432, etc.: rarely with plpf., 5.392: the Verb is sometimes to be repeated from the apodosis, <b class="b3">Καλλίξενος δὲ κατελθών, ὅ. καὶ οἱ ἐκ Πειραιῶς</b> (''[[sc.]] '' [[κατῆλθον]]) X.''HG''1.7.35: freq. in ellipt. phrases, <b class="b3">πῇ ἔβαν εὐχωλαί, ὅ. δὴ φάμεν εἶναι ἄριστοι</b>; whither are gone the boasts, [which we made] when we said.. ? Il.8.229: so after Verbs of perception and the like, <b class="b3">ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ, ὅ. τ' ἐκρέμω</b>..; rememberest thou not [the time] when.. ? 15.18, cf. 21.396, Od.24.115, Ar.''V.''354, Th.2.21, etc.; <b class="b3">ἄκουσα εὐχομένης ὅτ' ἔφησθα</b>.. Il.1.397, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''782c; οὐδ' ἔλαθ' Αἴαντα Ζεύς, ὅ. δὴ Τρώεσσι δίδου.. νίκην Il.17.627.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with pres., of a thing always happening or now going on, 2.471; νῦν, ὅ… σοι ὀξέως ὑπακούω [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.4.6; ᾔδεα μὲν γὰρ ὅ... Δαναοῖσιν ἄμυνεν, οἶδα δὲ νῦν ὅ. τοὺς.. κυδάνει Il.14.71.<br><span class="bld">c</span> rarely with fut., of a definite future, Od.18.272.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with opt., to denote repeated events or actions in past time, <b class="b3">ἔνθα πάρος κοιμᾶθ', ὅ. μιν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἱκάνοι</b> [[whenever]], [[as often as]], Il.1.610, cf. Od.8.87, etc.; ὅ. δή Il.3.216.<br><span class="bld">b</span> sometimes of future events which are represented as uncertain, in clauses dependent on a Verb in the opt. or subj., οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίσμῃ κίθαρις... ὅτ' ἐν κονίῃσι μιγείης 3.55, cf. 18.465, 21.429, A.''Eu.''726.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ὅ. μή</b>, in early authors always with opt., for <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b>, [[unless]], [[except]], [[save when]], Il.13.319, Od.16.197, Arist.''Pol.''1277a24: used by A.R. with subj., 1.245, 4.409.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with subj., only in Ep. and Lyr., Il.4.259, 19.337, 21.323, etc., prob. in A.''Ag.''766(lyr.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> Special usages:<br><span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. to introduce a simile, <b class="b3">ὡς δ' ὅτε</b> [[as when]], mostly with subj., Il. 2.147, 4.130,141, 6.506, al.: sometimes with ind., 16.364, 21.12: the Verb must freq. be supplied from the context, as in 2.394, 4.462.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in the Ep. phrase <b class="b3">πρίν γ' ὅτε δή... ἤ</b> is omitted before [[ὅτε]], 9.488, 12.437, cf. Od.13.322.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[ὅτε]] with other Particles,<br><span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ὅτ' ἄν, ὅτε κεν</b>, v. [[ὅταν]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὅτε δή</b> and <b class="b3">ὅτε δή ῥα</b>, stronger than [[ὅτε]], freq. in Hom. and Hes., ὅτε δή Il.5.65, al., Hes.''Th.''280, al.; ὅτε δή ῥα Il.4.446, al., Hes. ''Th.''58,al.; v. infr. IV. I; so ὅτ' ἄρ' Il.10.540.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ὅτε τε</b> (where τε is otiose, v. [[τε]] B. I) 2.471, 10.83, etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὅτε περ</b> [[even when]], 5.802, 14.319, al., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.99, Th.1.8, etc.; ὅτε πέρ τε Il.4.259, 10.7.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> the proper correl. Adv. is [[τότε]], as <b class="b3">ὅ. δὴ... τότε δὴ</b>.. 10.365; ὅ. δή ῥ'... δὴ τότε 23.721; <b class="b3">ὅ. δὴ... καὶ τότε δὴ</b>.. 22.208; ὅ. δή ῥα... καὶ τότ' ἄρ' 24.31: for [[τότε]] we sometimes have [[ἔπειτα]], 3.221; <b class="b3">αὐτίκα δ'</b>, 4.210; [[δὲ]]... 5.438; also <b class="b3">νῦν... ὅ</b>… [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''710 (lyr.), etc.; [[μεθύστερον]], [[ὅ]]... Id.''Tr.''711; <b class="b3">ἤματι τῷ, ὅ</b>… Il.2.743, etc.; so in Att., <b class="b3">ἦν ποτε χρόνος, ὅ</b>… [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 320c, cf. ''Phd.''75a, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.160.<br><span class="bld">2</span> elliptical in the phrase <b class="b3">ἔστιν ὅ.</b> or <b class="b3">ἔσθ' ὅ.</b>, [[there are times when]], [[sometimes]], [[now and then]], <b class="b3">ἔστι ὅ.</b> Id.2.120; <b class="b3">ἔστιν ὅ.</b> [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 62a; <b class="b3">ἔσθ' ὅ.</b> [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''56 (v. infr. c).<br><span class="bld">B</span> [[ὅτε]] sometimes has a causal sense, [[when]], [[seeing that]], mostly with pres. ind., Il.16.433 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ὅ τε]]) ὅ. δή 20.29; and in Trag. and Att. Prose, as [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1095, ''OT''918, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 206b, ''R.''581e, ''Prt.''356c, ''Sph.''254b, etc.; so ὅ. γε [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.92.ά: with pf. used as pres., S.''Ph.''428, Ar.''Nu.'' 34.<br><span class="bld">2</span> sometimes where [[ὥστε]] would be more usual, οὕτω.. πόρρω κλέος ἥκει, ὅ. καὶ βασιλεὺς ἠρώτησεν Id.''Ach.''647.<br><span class="bld">C</span> ὁτέ Indef. Adv., [[sometimes]], [[now and then]], used like [[ποτέ]] at the beginning of each of two corresponding clauses, now... now... sometimes... sometimes.. (not in early Prose, <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... ὁτὲ δὲ</b>.. Arist. ''Pol.''1290a4, al.), <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... ἄλλοτε</b>.. Il.20.49sq.; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... ἄλλοτε δ' αὖ</b>.. 18.599 sq.; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μέν τε... ἄλλοτε δὲ</b>.. 11.64; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... ὁτὲ δ' αὖτε</b>.. A.R.1.1270; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μέν τε... ὅτ' αὖ</b>.. Id.3.1300; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... ποτὲ δὲ</b>.. Plb.6.20.8; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... ὁτὲ δὲ... καὶ ἄλλοτε</b>.. D.L.2.106; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... πάλιν δὲ</b>.. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1100a28; <b class="b3">ἐνίοτε μὲν... ὁτὲ δὲ</b>.. Id.''Mete.''360b3; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ μὲν... ἢ.</b>. Id.''Po.''1448a21 ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]): also reversely, <b class="b3">ἄλλοτε μὲν... ὁτὲ δὲ</b>.. Il.11.568; also <b class="b3">ὁτὲ δέ</b> in the second clause, without any correlative in the first, 17.178; S. joins ἔσθ' ὅτε... ὅτ' ἄλλοτ' ἄλλον ''Aj.''56; <b class="b3">ὁτὲ δέ</b> alone, at the beginning of a clause, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cynegeticus|Cyn.]]''5.8 and 20, 9.8 and 20.<br><span class="bld">ὅτε</span>, neut. of [[ὅστε]]: also Ion. masc. for [[ὅστε]],<br><span class="bld">A</span> v. [[ὅς]], ἥ, ὅ.