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ὥρα: Difference between revisions

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|mdlsjtxt=ὥρα, ιονιξ ὥρη, ἡ,<br />Lat. [[hora]]: any [[time]] or [[period]], [[whether]] of the [[year]], [[month]], or day (νυκτός τε ὥραν καὶ μηνὸς καὶ ἐνιαυτοῦ Xen.): [[hence]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[part]] of the [[year]], a [[season]]; in pl. the seasons, Od., Hes., etc.; περιτελλομέναις ὥραις Soph.; τῆς ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ Thuc.:—at [[first]] [[three]] seasons were [[distinguished]] — [[spring]], ἔαρος ὥρη, ὥρη εἰαρινή Hom.;— [[summer]], θέρεος ὥρη Hes.; ὥρα θερινή Xen.;— [[winter]], χείματος ὥρη Hes.; ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ Od.;—a [[fourth]], [[ὀπώρα]], [[first]] in [[Alcman]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> absol. the [[prime]] of the [[year]], springtime, ὅσα φύλλα γίγνεται ὥρῃ Hom.:—in historians, the [[part]] of the [[year]] [[available]] for war, the [[summer]]-[[season]], or (as we say) the [[season]], Thuc., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the [[year]] [[generally]], Hdt.; ἐν τῇ [[πέρυσιν]] ὥρᾳ [[last]] [[year]], Dem., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in pl. the [[quarters]] of the heavens, the [[summer]] [[being]] taken as [[south]], [[winter]] as [[north]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> a [[part]] of the day, αἱ ὧραι τῆς ἡμέρας the times of day, i. e. [[morning]], [[noon]], [[evening]], [[night]], Xen.; also, νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ in [[night]] [[time]], Hhymn.; ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας [[late]] in the day, Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> day and [[night]] were prob. [[first]] divided [[into]] [[twenty]]-[[four]] hours by [[Hipparchus]] ([[about]] 150 B. C.): but the [[division]] of the [[natural]] day (from [[sunrise]] to [[sunset]]) [[into]] [[twelve]] parts is mentioned by Hdt. (2. 109).<br /><b class="num">III.</b> the [[time]] or [[season]] for a [[thing]], [[ὅταν]] ὥ. ἥκῃ Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> c. gen. rei, ὥρη κοίτοιο, ὕπνου the [[time]] for [[sleep]], bed- [[time]], Od.; ὥρη δόρποιο Od.; καρπῶν ὧραι Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ὥρα [ἐστίν], c. inf., 'tis [[time]] to do a [[thing]], ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥρη εὕδειν Od.; δοκεῖ οὐχ ὥρα [[εἶναι]] καθεύδειν Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in adverb. usages, τὴν ὥρην at the [[right]] [[time]], Hdt., Xen.; but, τὴν ὥ. at that [[hour]], Hes.:— ἐν ὥρῃ in due [[time]], in [[good]] [[time]], Od., Ar.:—also, αἰεὶ ἐς ὥρας in [[successive]] seasons, Od.;— καθ' ὥραν Theocr.;— πρὸ τῆς ὥρας Xen.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> metaph. the [[prime]] of [[life]], [[youth]], [[early]] [[manhood]], ὥραν ἔχειν Aesch.; πάντες οἱ ἐν ὥρᾳ Plat., etc.; φεῦ φεῦ τῆς ὥρασ! τοῦ κάλλουσ! ah! [[what]] [[youth]]! [[what]] [[beauty]]! Ar., etc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> = τὰ ὡραῖα, the fruits of the [[year]], Xen.<br />B. in mythol. [[sense]], αἱ Ὧραι, the [[Hours]], keepers of [[heaven]]'s [[gate]], Il.; and ministers of the gods, Il.; [[three]] in [[number]], daughters of [[Zeus]] and [[Themis]], Hes.; often [[therefore]] joined with the Χάριτες, Hhymn., Hes.
|mdlsjtxt=ὥρα, ιονιξ ὥρη, ἡ,<br />Lat. [[hora]]: any [[time]] or [[period]], [[whether]] of the [[year]], [[month]], or day (νυκτός τε ὥραν καὶ μηνὸς καὶ ἐνιαυτοῦ Xen.): [[hence]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[part]] of the [[year]], a [[season]]; in pl. the seasons, Od., Hes., etc.; περιτελλομέναις ὥραις Soph.; τῆς ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ Thuc.:—at [[first]] [[three]] seasons were [[distinguished]] — [[spring]], ἔαρος ὥρη, ὥρη εἰαρινή Hom.;— [[summer]], θέρεος ὥρη Hes.; ὥρα θερινή Xen.;— [[winter]], χείματος ὥρη Hes.; ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ Od.;—a [[fourth]], [[ὀπώρα]], [[first]] in [[Alcman]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> absol. the [[prime]] of the [[year]], springtime, ὅσα φύλλα γίγνεται ὥρῃ Hom.:—in historians, the [[part]] of the [[year]] [[available]] for war, the [[summer]]-[[season]], or (as we say) the [[season]], Thuc., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the [[year]] [[generally]], Hdt.; ἐν τῇ [[πέρυσιν]] ὥρᾳ [[last]] [[year]], Dem., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in pl. the [[quarters]] of the heavens, the [[summer]] [[being]] taken as [[south]], [[winter]] as [[north]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> a [[part]] of the day, αἱ ὧραι τῆς ἡμέρας the times of day, i. e. [[morning]], [[noon]], [[evening]], [[night]], Xen.; also, νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ in [[night]] [[time]], Hhymn.; ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας [[late]] in the day, Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> day and [[night]] were prob. [[first]] divided [[into]] [[twenty]]-[[four]] hours by [[Hipparchus]] ([[about]] 150 B. C.): but the [[division]] of the [[natural]] day (from [[sunrise]] to [[sunset]]) [[into]] [[twelve]] parts is mentioned by Hdt. (2. 109).<br /><b class="num">III.</b> the [[time]] or [[season]] for a [[thing]], [[ὅταν]] ὥ. ἥκῃ Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> c. gen. rei, ὥρη κοίτοιο, ὕπνου the [[time]] for [[sleep]], bed- [[time]], Od.; ὥρη δόρποιο Od.; καρπῶν ὧραι Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ὥρα [ἐστίν], c. inf., 'tis [[time]] to do a [[thing]], ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥρη εὕδειν Od.; δοκεῖ οὐχ ὥρα [[εἶναι]] καθεύδειν Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in adverb. usages, τὴν ὥρην at the [[right]] [[time]], Hdt., Xen.; but, τὴν ὥ. at that [[hour]], Hes.:— ἐν ὥρῃ in due [[time]], in [[good]] [[time]], Od., Ar.:—also, αἰεὶ ἐς ὥρας in [[successive]] seasons, Od.;— καθ' ὥραν Theocr.;— πρὸ τῆς ὥρας Xen.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> metaph. the [[prime]] of [[life]], [[youth]], [[early]] [[manhood]], ὥραν ἔχειν Aesch.; πάντες οἱ ἐν ὥρᾳ Plat., etc.; φεῦ φεῦ τῆς ὥρασ! τοῦ κάλλουσ! ah! [[what]] [[youth]]! [[what]] [[beauty]]! Ar., etc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> = τὰ ὡραῖα, the fruits of the [[year]], Xen.<br />B. in mythol. [[sense]], αἱ Ὧραι, the [[Hours]], keepers of [[heaven]]'s [[gate]], Il.; and ministers of the gods, Il.; [[three]] in [[number]], daughters of [[Zeus]] and [[Themis]], Hes.; often [[therefore]] joined with the Χάριτες, Hhymn., Hes.
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|ftr='''ὥρα''': {hṓra}<br />'''Forms''': ion. [[ὥρη]]<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Jahreszeit]], [[Jahr]], [[Tageszeit]], [[Stunde]], [[rechte Zeit]], [[Blütezeit]], [[Reifezeit]], pl. auch personif. [[die Horen]] (seit Il.); hell. u. sp. auch [[ὧρος]] m. [[Jahr]] (nach [[ἐνιαυτός]]?), pl. [[ὧροι]] [[Jahrbücher]] (der ionischen Schriftsteller).<br />'''Composita''' : Kompp., z.B. [[ὡρηφόρος]] ‘die rechte Zeit (Blüte-, Reifezeit) bringend’ Beiw. der Demeter (''h''. ''Cer''., Orph.), [[ὡρολόγιον]] n. ‘Stundenzeiger, Sonnen-, Wasseruhr’ (hell. u. sp.), [[ἄωρος]], auch [[ἄνωρος]] [[unzeitig]], [[unschön]] (ion. att., kret.), auch [[ἀώριος]] ib. (Thphr.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 115 A. 2), [[ἐννέωρος]] [[neunjährig]] (Hom.), [[neunstündig]] (Herod.); vgl. zur Stammbildung und Bed. Sommer 137 A. 1.<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[ὡραῖος]] [[der Jahreszeit gemäß]], [[zeitig]], [[reif]], [[in der Blütezeit stehend]], [[schön]] (seit Hes.), oft subst., z.B. τὰ ὡραῖα [[Früchte der Jahreszeit]] (ion. att.), mit -αιότης f. [[Blütezeit]], [[Schönheit]] (X., LXX u.a.), -αΐζομαι, -ᾴζομαι (ἐν-, ἐξ-) [[schön sein]], [[blühen]], [[vornehm tun]] (att. Kom. u.a.), -αΐζω, -ᾴζω ib. (Amorgos III<sup>p</sup>), [[schön machen]] (Aristid. Quint.) mit -αϊσμός, -αϊστής. 2. -ιος poet. für -αῖος (ep. poet. seit ι 131, sp. Prosa), s. Treu Weltbild 230f.; -ιαίνομαι, -ιαίνω = -αΐζομαι, -αΐζω (Klearch., H.). 3. -ιμος [[zeitig]], [[reif]] (''Leg''. ''Gort''., Herod., hell. Pap., ''AP'' u.a.; Arbenz 55 u. 59) mit -ιμότης, -ιμαία, -ιμάζω. 4. -ικός [[in der Blüte stehend]], [[jugendlich]], [[schön]] (Ar., Krates Kom., Ael. u.a.). 5. -ιαῖος [[eine Stunde lang]] (Hipparch., Ptol. u.a.). 6. ‘Ωρίτης Bein. des Apollon (Lyk.; Redard 214).<br />'''Etymology''' : Neben [[ὥρα]] aus idg. *''i̯ōr''-(''ā'') steht im Germ. mit anderem Ablaut got. ''jer'', ahd. ''jār'' n. ’''Jahr''’ aus urg. *''i̯ēra''- n., idg. *''i̯ēr''-(''o'')-. Dazu aus idg. *''i̯ōr''- oder *''i̯ēr''- slav., z.B. russ.-ksl. ''jara'' [[Frühling]] und mit beibehaltenem ''r''- Stamm aw. ''yārə'' n. [[Jahr]]. Auch das Latein hat wahrscheinlich eine Spur dieses Wortes bewahrt in ''hornus'' [[heurig]] aus *''hō̆''-''i̯ōr''-''inus''; vgl. ahd. ''hiuru'' [[heuer]] aus *''hiu'' ''jāru''. — Die oft laut gewordene Ansicht, idg. *''i̯ēr''-, *''i̯ōr''- [[Jahr]] sei von einem (sonst unbekannten) Verb für [[gehen]] ''i̯''-''ē''-, ''i̯''-''ō''- (angebl. Erweiterung von ''ei''- [[gehen]] in [[εἶμι]]) ausgegangen, entbehrt jeder sachlichen Begründung (vgl. Bq s.v.). Weitere Einzelheiten m. reicher Lit. besonders bei W.-Hofmann und Vasmer s.vv.; dazu noch WP. 1, 105 u. Pok. 297 f. Lat. LW ''hōra''.<br />'''Page''' 2,1150-1151
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