γράφω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> -ψω <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.95</span>, etc.: aor. <b class="b3">ἔγραψα</b>, Ep. γράψα <span class="bibl">Il.17.599</span>: pf. γέγραφα <span class="bibl">Cratin.124</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.26</span>, etc.; later γεγράφηκα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span> 1.78.2</span> (iii B. C.):—Med., fut. γράψομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 107</span>, etc. (but in pass. sense, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Protr.</span>13</span>): aor. ἐγραψάμην <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>894</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. γρᾰφήσομαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>26</span>, <span class="bibl">Nicom.Com.1.39</span>, (μετεγ-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1370</span>; more freq. γεγράψομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>411</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.47</span>, etc.: aor. <b class="b3">ἐγράφην [ᾰ</b>], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span>128c</span>, etc.; ἐγράφθην <span class="title">SIG</span>57.5 (Milet., v B. C.), <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Fluit.</span>2.4</span>: pf. <b class="b3">γέγραμμαι</b> (also in med. sense, v. fin.), 3sg. ἔγραπται <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>3.274</span>; part. <b class="b3">ἐγραμμένος</b> or ἠγρ- <span class="title">SIG</span>9 (Elis, dub.), <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.45, al.; later γεγράφημαι <span class="bibl">Ph.2.637</span>: 3pl. γεγράφαται <span class="title">IG</span> 12.57.10, Dor. γεγράβανται <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 90.12 (Argos): plpf. ἐγέγραπτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.64</span>: 3pl. ἐγεγράφατο <span class="bibl">D.C.56.32</span>. Used by Hom. only in aor. Act.:—[[scratch]], [[graze]], αἰχμὴ γράψεν οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις <span class="bibl">Il.17.599</span>; <b class="b3">γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά</b> [[having marked]] or [[drawn]] signs thereon, <span class="bibl">6.169</span>: hence, later, [[represent by lines]], [[draw]], [[paint]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.41</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>50</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>377e</span>; <b class="b3">γῆς περιόδους γ</b>. [[draw]] maps, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.36</span>; γ. Ἔρωθ' ὑπόπτερον <span class="bibl">Eub.41.1</span>; προσπεπατταλευμένον γ. τὸν Προμηθέα <span class="bibl">Men.535.2</span>; ἀνδριάντα γ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>420c</span>; <b class="b3">ζῷα γ</b>., = [[ζωγραφεῖν]] (q. v.), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>453c</span>: metaph., ὁπόσα τοὺς λειμῶνας αἱ ὧραι γράφουσι Philostr.<span class="title">Im.Praef.</span>:—Med., ζῷα γράφεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.88</span>:—Pass., εἰκὼν γεγραμμένη <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>537</span>; πίνακες γεγραμμένοι τὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἔργα <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>2.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Math., [[describe]] a figure, Euc.<span class="title">Post.</span>3, al., <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1.23</span>, al., Gal.1.47. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of a point or line in motion, [[generate]] a figure, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mech.</span>848b10</span>, al.; τὸ σαμεῖον ἕλικα γράψει <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Aut.</span>8.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[brand]], [[mark]], <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>1.326</span>:—Pass. in form <b class="b3">γεγράφαται</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">322</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">express by written characters, write</b>, τι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.125</span>, etc.; γ. διαθήκην <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>923c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.34</span> (Pass.); <b class="b3">γ. τινὶ ὅτι</b>… <span class="bibl">Th.7.14</span>; <b class="b3">γ. τινί</b>, c. inf., <span class="title">SIG</span>552.13 (Abae, iii B. C.); γ. τι εἰς διφθέρας <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.58</span>: prov., ὅρκους… γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>811</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Xenarch.6</span>; εἰς τέφραν γ. <span class="bibl">Philonid.7</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ὕδωρ, ἐν ὕδατι</b>, <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Mon.</span>25</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>276c</span>; ἐν χρυσῷ πίνακι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Criti.</span>120c</span>; ἐν φλοιῷ <span class="bibl">Theoc.18.47</span>; καθ' ὕδατος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cat.</span>21</span>; εἰς πέλαγος γράμματα γράψαι <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>1038.8 (Attalia):—Pass., <b class="b3">πόθι φρενὸς γέγραπται</b> in what leaf of memory [[it is written]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[inscribe]], <b class="b3">γ. εἰς σκῦλα, εἰς στήλην</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>574</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.41</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">γράφεσθαί τι</b> [[to be inscribed with]] a thing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>157</span>; ὧδε γέγραμμαι [[have my name inscribed]], IG12(7).3* (dub.); <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ προσώπῳ γραφεὶς τὴν συμφοράν</b> [[having]] it [[branded]] on his forehead, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>854d</span>; <b class="b3">γεγραμμένα κωκύουσαν</b>, of the hyacinth, <span class="bibl">Euph.40</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[write down]], <b class="b3">γ. τινὰ αἴτιον</b> [[set]] him [[down]] as the cause, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.214</span>; <b class="b3">γ. τι ἱερόν τινι</b> [[register]] as... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.30</span>; in magic, [[invoke a curse upon]], Tab.Defix.Aud.14<span class="title">A</span>1; <b class="b3">γ. τινὰ κληρονόμον, ἐπίτροπον</b>, [[institute by a written document]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>923c</span>, <span class="bibl">924a</span>; [[register]], [[enrol]], ἐμὲ γράφε τῶν ἱππεύειν ὑπερεπιθυμούντων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 4.3.21</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ Κρέοντος προστάτου γεγράψομαι</b>, as a dependent of Cr., <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>411</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">γ. τινί</b> [[write a letter to]] one, γ. σοὶ ἵνα εἰδῇς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span> 1.11</span><span class="bibl"> ii 21</span> (ii B. C.), etc.; εἴς τινα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Syr.D.</span>23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">γ. περί τίνος</b> [[write on]] a subject, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>13.2</span>, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">Plb.1.1.4</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἴς τινα</b> [[against]]... Longin.4.3; <b class="b3">πρός τινα</b> [[address a work]] to... Id.1.3; [[describe]], οἱ ὑφ' ἡμῶν γραφόμενοι καιροί <span class="bibl">Plb.2.56.4</span>; esp. of Prose, opp. <b class="b3">ποιεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.48</span>: c. dupl. acc., τί… γράψειειν ἄν σε μουσοποιὸς ἐν τάφῳ <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1189</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[write down]] a law to be proposed: hence, [[propose]], [[move]], <b class="b3">γνώμην, νόμον, ψήφισμα</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.7.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1429</span>, etc.: abs. (sc. <b class="b3">νόμον</b>), <span class="bibl">D.18.179</span>; γ. καὶ νομοθετεῖν περί τινος <span class="bibl">Id.24.48</span>; <b class="b3">γ. πόλεμον, εἰρήνην</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.10.55</span>, <span class="bibl">19.55</span>: c. inf., σὺ γράφεις ταῦτ' εἶναι στρατιωτικά <span class="bibl">Id.1.19</span>; ἔγραψα… ἀποπλεῖν… τοὺς πρέσβεις <span class="bibl">Id.18.25</span>; [[enact]], νόμοι οὓς τὸ πλῆθος συνελθὸν ἔγραψε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.42</span>:—Pass., παρὰ τὰ γραφέντα δρᾶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>295d</span>; τὸ γεγραμμένον ὑπὸ σοῦ ψήφισμα <span class="bibl">Din.1.70</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[prescribe]], [[ordain]], πότμος ἔγραψε <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ὁ γράφων τὸν Ὀξυρυγχίτην</b> (sc. <b class="b3">νομόν</b>) the [[secretary for]] the nome of Oxyrhynchus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>239.1</span> (i A. D.); τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ γράφοντι τὸν νομόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>358.5</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Med., [[write for oneself]] or <b class="b2">for one's own use, note down</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.82</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.57.39, etc.; γ. τι ἐν φρεσίν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>450</span> (lyr.); φρενῶν ἔσω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1325</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγραψάμην ὑπομνήματα</b> I [[wrote me down]] some memoranda, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>143a</span>; [[cause to be written]], συγγραφήν <span class="bibl">D.56.6</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γ. πρόσοδον πρὸς τὴν βουλήν</b> [[petition for]] a hearing before the Council, <span class="bibl">Id.24.48</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[enrol oneself]], γράψασθαι φυλῆς καὶ δήμου καὶ φρατρίας <span class="title">IG</span>12.374.16, ib.2.115b21: abs., of colonists, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>850b</span>; but also (cf. A.11.3), <b class="b3">ἕνα τῶν μαθητῶν ἐμὲ γράφου</b> [[enrol]] me as one of [[your]] disciples, Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>428b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> as law-term, <b class="b3">γ. τινά</b> [[to indict]] one, <b class="b3">τινός</b> [[for]] some public offence, e.g. <b class="b3">τῆς αἰσχροκερδείας</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 754e</span>; γ. [τινὰ] παρανόμων <span class="bibl">D.18.13</span>; in full, γραφὴν γράψασθαί τινα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1482</span> (but in Pass., <b class="b3">εἴ σοι γράφοιτο δίκη</b> ib.<span class="bibl">758</span>); γράψασθαι δίκας <span class="title">SIG</span>344.38 (Teos): c. acc. et inf., γ. τινὰ ἀδικεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>894</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>107</span>: abs., <b class="b3">οἱ γραψάμενοι</b> [[the prosecutors]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>881</span>; ἑτέροις οὐκ ἦν γράψασθαι <span class="bibl">And.1.75</span>; also <b class="b3">γράφεσθαί τι</b> [[indict]] an act, i. e. the doer of it, as criminal, <b class="b3">ἐγράψατο τὴν Χαβρίου δωρειάν</b> he [[brought a]] <b class="b3">γραφὴ παρανόμων</b> [[against]] the person who proposed the grant to Chabrias, <span class="bibl">D.20.146</span>, cf. 95; <b class="b3">τὸ χάριν τούτων ἀποδοῦναι παρανόμων γράφει</b> (2sg.) <span class="bibl">Id.18.119</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Pass., [[to be indicted]], γραφεὶς ἀπέφυγον <span class="bibl">D.18.103</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐγράφη παρανόμων</b> [[was indicted]] as illegal, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.62</span>; <b class="b3">ψηφίσματα ὑπὸ τούτου οὐδὲ γραφέντα</b> not even [[indicted]], <span class="bibl">D.18.222</span> (but in <span class="bibl">18.28</span>, <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ τοῦτ' ἐγράφη</b> if this decree [[had]] not [[been proposed]], as Pass. of A. 11.6); <b class="b3">τὰ γεγραμμένα</b> [[the articles of the indictment]], Id.18.56; <b class="b3">τὸ γεγραμμένον</b> [[the penalty named in the indiclment]], Id.24.83:—but <b class="b3">γέγραμμαι</b> usu. takes the sense of the Med., [[indict]], Id.18.59, 119, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>210d</span>.</span>