καταδύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=or κατα-δύνω: <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> intr., in Act. pres. [[καταδύνω]] and Med. [[καταδύομαι]]: fut. <b class="b3">-δύσομαι</b>: aor. <b class="b3">-εδῡσάμην</b>, Ep. 2 and 3sg. <b class="b3">-δύσεο, -δύσετο</b>:—Act., aor. 2 [[κατέδυν]]: pf. [[καταδέδῡκα]]:—[[go down]], [[sink]], [[set]], esp. of the sun (as Hom. always in aor. 2 Act.), ἠέλιος κατέδυ <span class="bibl">Il.1.475</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἅμα… ἠελίῳ καταδύντι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">592</span>; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα <span class="bibl">Od.10.183</span>; ἠελίοιο -δῡομένοιο <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>197</span>; <b class="b3">καταδεδυκέναι τὴν</b> [[[νῆσον]]] κατὰ θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.235</span>; also of ships, to [[be sunk]] or [[disabled]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.90</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.92</span>, <span class="bibl">7.34</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.6.35</span>, etc.; also οἱ ἱππεῖς καταδύνοντες ἐν τέλμασιν <span class="bibl">Plb. 5.47.2</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ὑφ' ὕδατι</b> [[duck]] under water, <span class="bibl">Batr.89</span>; [[καταδεδυκώς]] [[having popped down]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>140</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[go down]], [[plunge into]], c. acc., καταδῦναι ὅμιλον <span class="bibl">Il.10.231</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κατεδύσετο πουλὺν ὅμιλον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">517</span>; καταδύσεο μῶλον Ἄρηος <span class="bibl">18.134</span>; so <b class="b3">μάχην, δόμον, πόλιν καταδύμεναι</b>, <span class="bibl">3.241</span>, <span class="bibl">8.375</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.246</span>: folld. by Prep., <b class="b3">μυῖαι καδδῦσαι</b> (Ep. for <b class="b3">καταδ-</b>) κατὰ… ὠτειλάς <span class="bibl">Il.19.25</span>; σπάργαν' ἔσω κατέδυνε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>237</span>; <b class="b3">καταδυσόμεθ'… εἰς Ἀΐδαο δόμους</b> we [[shall go down]] into... <span class="bibl">Od.10.174</span>; so καταδύνειν ἐς ὕλην <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.76</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς φάραγγας</b>, of hares, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.16</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἅπασαν</b> [<b class="b3">τὴν πόλιν</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>576e</span>; κατὰ τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.132</span>; κατὰ τέφρας πολλῆς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cam.</span>32</span>; of souls, <b class="b3">εἰς βυθὸν κ</b>. Plu.2.943d: c. dat., [[sink into]], ταῖς ὁμοιοπαθείαις Metrod.<span class="title">Fr.</span>38: freq. with a notion of secrecy, [[insinuate oneself]], [[steal into]], καταδύεται εἰς τὸ ἐντὸς τῆς ψυχῆς ὅ τε ῥυθμὸς καὶ ἁρμονία <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>401d</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀναρχία εἰς τὰς ἰδίας οἰκίας κ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">562e</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἡ ψῦξις ἕως πλείστου</b> the cold [[penetrates]] most, Gal.15.90, cf. 6.178. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[slink away and lie hid]], καταδύεσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.21.199</span> (so abs., to [[be overcome with shame]], ἐπὶ τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ <span class="bibl">Zos.5.40</span>); καταδεδυκὼς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>579b</span>; εἰς ἄπορον ὁ σοφιστὴς τόπον καταδέδυκεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>239c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[get into]], [[put on]], κατέδυ κλυτὰ τεύχεα <span class="bibl">Il.6.504</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.12.228</span>; κατεδύσετο τεύχεα καλά <span class="bibl">Il.7.103</span>; εἵματα <span class="bibl">Mosch.4.102</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> causal, [[make to sink]], rare in pres., ἐμπίπτων καὶ καταδύων <span class="bibl">Pherecr.12</span>; ἐμὲ καταδύουσι τῷ ἄχει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.37</span>: mostly in aor. 1, γαύλους καταδύσας <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.17</span>; in naval warfare, <b class="b3">καταδῦσαι ναῦν</b> [[cut]] it <b class="b2">down to the water's edge, disable</b> it, <span class="bibl">Id.8.87</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>49</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.50</span>; <b class="b3">ἥλιον ἐν λέσχῃ κατεδύσαμεν</b> we [[let]] the sun [[go down]] in talk, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Aristaenet.1.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[duck]], <b class="b3">τὴν κεφαλήν</b>, in a bath, Herod.Med. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.10.37.13</span>.</span>