μαλθακός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, Aeol. μόλθακος Alc.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1789.1 ii 3:— <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[soft]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of things subject to touch, ἄνθεα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>30.15</span>; [[δρόσος]], [[γυῖα]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.99</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>4.4</span>; γνόφαλλον <span class="bibl">Alc.34</span>; τύλα Sapph.50; <b class="b3">σιαγόνας μαλθακὰς τίθησι</b>, of a boxer, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>112</span>; <b class="b3">μέχρις οὗ</b> (ευ Pap.)… τὸ βρέγμα τῷ σκίπωνι μαλθακὸν θῶμαι <span class="bibl">Herod.8.8</span>; of ground, [[stoneless]], χῶρός ἐστι μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>199.5</span>; τὰ μ. γαίας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1226</span>; χρώς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>1075</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τινά</b>, opp. [[στερεόν]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>239c</span>; <b class="b3">μ. ὕδατα</b>, of [[marsh]] water, Hp.Aër.1; <b class="b3">μ. πῦρ</b> a [[slow]] fire, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ulc.</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">μ. νηδύες</b> [[relaxed]], Id.Aër.<span class="bibl">7</span>: Comp. ωτέρα σικυοῦ <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Com.72</span>: Sup., <span class="bibl">Eup.319</span>. Adv. -[[κῶς]], [[κατακεῖσθαι]] to recline [[on soft cushions]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>70</span>; <b class="b3">φιλήσατόν με μ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">1200</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> mostly metaph., [[faint-hearted]], [[cowardly]], αἰχμητής <span class="bibl">Il. 17.588</span>; ὄκνος Alc.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>l.c.; μηδὲ μ. γένῃ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>74</span>; τὸ μ. βίου <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Supp.</span>883</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τι ἐνδιδόναι</b> show signs of [[relenting]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hel.</span>508</span>; also, [[weak]], [[feeble]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>714</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> = [[κίναιδος]], Cael.Aur.<span class="title">TP</span>4.131. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in good sense, [[gentle]], [[mild]], ὕπνος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>121.4</span>; μαλθακὰ κωτίλλων <span class="bibl">Thgn.852</span>; <b class="b3">οἶνος ὡς -ώτατος</b> [[mild]], [[weak]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.44</span>; <b class="b3">μ. φωνά, ἀοιδά, κοινωνία, φθέγμα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.137</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>9.49</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>1.98</span>,<span class="bibl">8.31</span>; μ. ὀμμάτων βέλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>742</span> (lyr.); μ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>629</span>; γῆρυς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>233</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐς τὸ μ. προσάγεσθαι</b> to bring to [[a mild temper]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>714</span>; <b class="b3">ὀργὴ γέροντος μ</b>. [[mellow]] temper, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>894</span>; μεταστρέφεσθαι πρὸς τὸ -ώτερον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 539</span> (lyr.); of pain, -<b class="b3">ωτέρας ποιεῖν [τὰς ὠδῖνας</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>149d</span>. Adv. [[gently]], [[mildly]], τὸν κρατοῦντα -κῶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>951</span>; σκληρὰ μ. λέγειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 774</span>: neut. as Adv., μαλθακόν σφ' ἐπόψεται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1642</span>: Comp. -ωτέρως<b class="b3">, παραμυθούμενοι</b> Pl <span class="title">Sph.</span>230a.—Mainly poet., esp. Lyr. and Trag. ([[μαλακός]] being the Prose word), but also in Hp. and Pl.</span>

|sltr=<b>μαλθᾰκός</b> (-ᾶς, -ᾷ, -άν; -ῷ, -όν, -ά acc.: cf. [[μαλακός]].) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[soft]], [[gentle]] ἐκ μαλθακᾶς [[αὖτε]] φρενὸς εὐκλέας ὀιστοὺς ἱέντες (O. 2.90) [[οὐδέ]] μιν φόρμιγγες ὑπωρόφιαι κοινανίαν μαλθακὰν παίδων ὀάροισι δέκονται (P. 1.98) μαλθακᾷ φωνᾷ (P. 4.137) δρόσῳ μαλθακᾷ (P. 5.99) φθέγματι μαλθακῷ (P. 8.31) οὐδὲ θερμὸν [[ὕδωρ]] τόσον γε μαλθακὰ τεύχει γυῖα, τόσσον [[εὐλογία]] pr. (N. 4.4) νεοθαλὴς δ' αὔξεται μαλθακᾷ [[νικαφορία]] σὺν ἀοιδᾷ (N. 9.49) ὦ παῖδες, ἐρατειναῖς ἐν εὐναῖς μαλθακᾶς ὥρας ἀπὸ καρπὸν δρέπεσθαι (Boeckh: μαλθακωρας codd.) fr. 122. 8. pro subs., τὺ γὰρ τὸ μαλθακὸν ἔρξαι τε καὶ [[παθεῖν]] [[ὁμῶς]] ἐπίστασαι [[gentleness]] (P. 8.6)

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[weak]], [[tender]], [[soft]], [[mild]] (P588, also Hp., Pl.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. [[μόλθακος]] (Alc.)<br />Derivatives: [[μαλθακία]] [[weakness]] (Pl. R. 590 b); [[μαλθακώδης]] [[weakening]] (Hp., Gal.), [[μαλθάκινος]] = [[μαλθακός]] (AP). Denomin. verbs: 1. [[μαλθάσσω]] = [[μαλάσσω]] (Hp., trag.) with <b class="b3">μαλθακ-τήριον -τικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ξις</b> (medic.). 2. [[μαλθακίζομαι]] [[be]], [[become weak]] (A., E., Pl., Gal.). 3. [[μαλθακύνω]] = [[μαλακύνω]] (sch.). 4. Also [[μαλθάζω]] (Aret.), <b class="b3">-αίνω</b> (Stob.) = [[μαλθάσσω]], both prob. through suffixchange and not to [[μάλθη]], [[μάλθων]] (s. v.) with Debrunner IF 21, 20f. and Solmsen Wortforsch. 56 n.1. -- Not here [[μάλθη]] (s.v.) (Cratin. 204), [[mix of wax and pitch]]; from this [[μάλθη]] (?), [[μαλθώδης]] = <b class="b3">μαλακτικὸς η κηρώδης</b> (Hp. ap. Gal.); [[μάλθων]] m. [[weakling]] (Sokr. ap. Stob.); [[Μάλθιον]] womans name (Paros); <b class="b3">μαλθώσω μαλακώσω</b> H. Here also <b class="b3">ἐπίμαλθα ἀγαθά</b>, [[προσηνῆ]]. <b class="b3">η μαλακά</b>, <b class="b3">η ἀσθενῆ λίαν</b> H. must be a kind of derailment.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Formation like [[μαλακός]]; the two synonymous adj. may have influenced each other. If [[μαλακός]] belongs with [[βλάξ]], [[μαλθακός]] must be an innovation(?). In [[μάλθη]] (s.v.) Solmsen Wortforsch. 55 wants to see the fem. of an original adj. <b class="b3">*μαλθός</b> [[weak]], which would also have left traces in [[μάλθων]] (with [[μαλθακός]] from <b class="b2">-n̥-ko-</b>) etc.; this last seems an improbable construction. - Outside of Greek a possible cognate may be the Germ. word for [[mild]], e.g. OHG [[milti]], Goth. [[unmildjai]] [[ἄστοργοι]]'; also Skt. <b class="b2">márdhati</b> [[neglect]], IE <b class="b2">*meldh-</b>; WP. 2, 289, Pok. 719. -- Cf. [[ἀμαλθύνω]]. - The word must be Pre-Greek, as <b class="b3">μαλθ-</b> cannot be explained from IE <b class="b2">*meldʰ-</b>; this is confirmed by the variant [[μόλθακος]].

|ftr='''μαλθακός''': {malthakós}<br />'''Forms''': äol. μόλθακος (Alk.)<br />'''Meaning''': [[weich]], [[verweichlicht]], [[zart]], [[mild]] (vorw. poet. seit Ρ 588, auch Hp. und Pl.).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[μαλθακία]] [[Weichheit]] (Pl. ''R''. 590 b); [[μαλθακώδης]] [[erweichend]] (Hp., Gal.), [[μαλθάκινος]] = [[μαλθακός]] (''AP''). Denominative Verba: 1. [[μαλθάσσω]] = [[μαλάσσω]] (Hp., Trag.) mit [[μαλθακτήριον]] -τικός, -ξις (Mediz.). 2. [[μαλθακίζομαι]] [[weich sein]], [[werden]] (A., E., Pl., Gal.). 3. [[μαλθακύνω]] = [[μαλακύνω]] (Sch.). 4. Auch [[μαλθάζω]] (Aret.), -αίνω (Stob.) = [[μαλθάσσω]], beide wohl durch Suffixtausch und nicht zu [[μάλθη]], [[μάλθων]] (s. u.) mit Debrunner IF 21, 20f. und Solmsen Wortforsch. 56 A. 1. — Daneben [[μάλθη]] (Kratin. 204), auch [[μάλθα]] (Ar. ''Fr''. 157), μάλθης, -θῃ (Hippon., S., D.; zum Wechsel -η : -α Solmsen Wortforsch. 265) [[Mischung von Wachs und Pech]]; lat. LW ''malt''(''h'')''a''; nach H. auch = τρυφερή (Adj.; richtig?), auch N. eines großen Seetieres (Ael., Opp.; nach dem weichen od. wachsähnlichen Fleisch?, Strömberg Fischnamen 32); davon [[μαλθώδης]] = μαλακτικὸς ἢ [[κηρώδης]] (Hp. ap. Gal.), [[μάλθων]] m. [[Weichling]] (Sokr. ap. Stob.), Μάλθιον Frauenname (Paros); μαλθώσω· μαλακώσω H. Hierher noch [[ἐπίμαλθα]]· ἀγαθά, προσηνῆ. ἢ μαλακά, ἢ ἀσθενῆ [[λίαν]] H.<br />'''Etymology''' : Bildung wie [[μαλακός]]; die beiden synonymen Adj. unterliegen dem Verdacht, sich einander gegenseitig beeinflußt zu haben. Wenn [[μαλακός]] zunächst mit [[βλάξ]] zu verbinden ist, muß [[μαλθακός]] eine Neubildung sein. In [[μάλθη]] will Solmsen Wortforsch. 55 das Fem. eines urspr. Adj. *μαλθός [[weich]] finden, das auch in [[μάλθων]] (wozu [[μαλθακός]] aus -''n̥''-''qo''-) usw. Spuren hinterlassen hätte. — Außerhalb des Griech. bietet sich als denkbarer Verwandter das germ. Wort für [[mild]], z.B. ahd.''milti'', got. ''unmildjai'' ’ἄστοργοι’; auch aind. ''márdhati'' [[nachlassen]], [[vernachlässigen]], idg. ''meldh''-; WP. 2, 289, Pok. 719, ält. Lit. auch bei Bq. Anders über [[μαλθακός]] (idg. -''th''-) Specht Ursprung 256. — Vgl. [[ἀμαλθύνω]].<br />'''Page''' 2,167