πτερόν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, (πέτομαι, πτέσθαι) mostly in plural, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[feathers]], <span class="bibl">Od.15.527</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.73</span>, etc.: in sg., [[feather]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>618</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>584</span>, <span class="bibl">1105</span>; <b class="b3">πτεροῦ σῦριγξ</b> [[quill]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fist.</span>6</span>; τὰ ὦτα πτερῷ κνωμένοις <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Salt.</span>2</span>; ἀντὶ τριχῶν πτερὰ φύειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>91d</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>106</span>); ἡ τῶν π. ἀποβολή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 246d</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], <b class="b3">πόνου δ' ἴδοις ἂν οὐδαμοῦ ταὐτὸν π</b>. misery is of varied [[plumage]], i.e. manifold, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>329</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖς αὑτῶν π. ἁλίσκεσθαι</b> to be shot with an arrow feathered from one's own plumes, 'hoist with one's own petard', <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>139</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλοτρίοις π. ἀγάλλεσθαι</b> pride oneself on 'borrowed [[plumes]]', Luc.<b class="b2">Pro Merc.Cond</b>.4; <b class="b3">κείρευ πτερά</b> 'have your [[wings]] clipped', <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>47.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> = [[πτέρυξ]], [[bird's wing]], freq. in plural, [[wings]], <span class="bibl">Il.11.454</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.151</span>, etc. (sg., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>304.4</span>); οἶμον αἰθέρος ψαίρει πτεροῖς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>396</span>; <b class="b3">Παλλάδος ὑπὸ πτεροῖς ὄντας</b>, metaph. from chickens under the hen's wings, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>1001</span> (lyr.); τὰ τέκν' ἔχων ὑπὸ πτεροῖς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>10</span>, etc.: as an emblem of speed, ὡσεὶ π. ἠὲ νόημα <span class="bibl">Od.7.36</span>; πόδα τιθεὶς ἴσον πτεροῖς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>32</span>; <b class="b3">δοκεῖτε πηδᾶν τἀδικήματ' εἰς θεοὺς πτεροῖσι</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>506</span>; also <b class="b3">τῷ δ' εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετο</b> he got as it were [[wings]], i.e. spirit, courage, <span class="bibl">Il.19.386</span>; <b class="b3">νωμᾷ δ' ἐν οἰωνοῖσι τοὐκείνης</b> (sc. [[Ἀφροδίτης]]) <b class="b3"> πτερόν, ἐν θηρσίν, ἐν βροτοῖσιν, ἐν θεοῖς</b> her [[uplifting influence]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>941.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[wings]] of a bat, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.76</span>; of insects, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>532a25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>682b18</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[any winged creature]], as the Sphinx, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>806</span> (lyr.); a beetle, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>76</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[omen]], <b class="b3">πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>97</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[anything like wings]] or [[feathers]]: as </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[oars]], ἐρετμά, τά τε πτερὰ νηυσὶ πέλονται <span class="bibl">Od.11.125</span>; νηὸς πτερά <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>628</span> (unless [[sails]], cf. πτίλον <span class="bibl">111.2</span>); <b class="b3">ὅπῃ νεὼς στείλαιμ' ἂν οὔριον π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>147</span>; σκάφος ἀΐσσον πτεροῖσι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1086</span> (lyr.): hence conversely, of birds, πτεροῖς ἐρέσσει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IT</span>289</span>; <b class="b3">πτερῶν εἰρεσίᾳ</b>, of Hermes, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tim.</span>40</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἀέθλων πτερά</b>, i.e. [[the crown]] of victory, which lifts the victor to heaven, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>14.24</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>9.125</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> sg., [[wings]] of the wind, dub. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>23.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[fan]] or <b class="b2">parasol, Com. Adesp</b>.<span class="bibl">1129</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ἱέρακος</b> a hawk's [[wing]], worn by the [[ἱερογραμματεύς]] in Egypt, <span class="bibl">D.S.1.87</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[feathered arrow]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>76</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[ploughshare]], Lyc. 1072. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[side-walls]] of Egyptian temples, <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.28</span>, Plu.2.359a. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[battlements]], <span class="bibl">Procop.<span class="title">Aed.</span>2.8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[portcullis]], or [[drawbridge]], in gateways, Sch.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>114</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">πτερὰ Θετταλικά</b> were the [[fluttering corners]] of a [[χλαμύς]] (v. πτέρυξ <span class="bibl">11.4</span>), <span class="bibl">Poll. 7.46</span>.</span>

|elnltext=πτερόν -οῦ, τό [~ πέτομαι] veer (van vogels), meestal plur.:; σὺν δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν het dichte verenkleed hing slap Il. 23.879; οἱ τὰ ὦτα πτερῷ κνώμενοι mensen die met een veer hun oren kietelen Luc. 45.2; overdr. van voorwerp met veren; εὐστόχῳ πτερῷ met een welgerichte pijl Eur. Hel. 76; spreekw..; πόνου δ ’ ἴδοις ἂν οὐδαμοῦ ταὐτὸν πτερόν nergens zul je van ellende dezelfde pluimage zien (= ellende is nooit van dezelfde pluimage, d.w.z. nooit gelijk ) Aeschl. Suppl. 329; ἀλλοτρίοις πτεροῖς ἀγάλλεσθαι met andermans veren pronken Luc. 36.4; op een helm. τὸν... λόφον ἀπέρραξε μετὰ θατέρου πτέρου hij brak de helmbos af met één van de veren Plut. Alex. 16.10. vleugel, meestal plur.; overdr.:; τῷ δ ’ εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετ ’ (de wapenrusting) gaf hem als het ware vleugels Il. 19.386; Παλλάδος ὑπὸ πτεροῖς onder de vleugels van Pallas Aeschl. Eum. 1001; overdr..; ἐρετμά, τά τε πτερὰ νηυσὶ πέλονται roeispanen, die de vleugels voor de schepen zijn Od. 11.125; σκάφος ἀίσσον πτεροῖσι een boot voortschietend door middel van zijn vleugels (d.w.z. roeiriemen) Eur. Tr. 1086; overdr. gevleugeld wezen; τὸ παρθένιον πτερόν het vogelmeisje (de Sfinx) Eur. Phoen. 806; vogelteken. πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγ ’ ἐς τόδ ’ ἄλσος een betrouwbaar vogelteken van u heeft mij naar dit heiligdom gebracht Soph. OC 97.

|etymtx=Cf. <b class="b3">πέτομαι<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[feather]], [[wing]], [[pinion]], also metaph. of feather- and wing-like objects (Il.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πτερο-φόρος</b> [[feathered]], [[winged]] (A., E.), <b class="b3">ὑπό-πτερος</b> <b class="b2">(swift) winged</b> (Pi., IA.; on the formation Schwyzer-Debrunner 532 w. n. 6 a. lit.); on <b class="b3">ὑπο-πετρ-ίδιος</b> s.v.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">πτερό-εις</b> [[provided with feathers or wings]] (ep. poet. Il.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 27, 249 a. 278 w. lit., also Yorke Class Quart. 30, 151 f.); opposite <b class="b3">ἄ-πτερος</b> (Od.), a.o. of [[μῦθος]] (as opposite of <b class="b3">ἔπεα πτερόεντα</b>; diff., improbable, Hainsworth Glotta 38, 263ff.); 2. <b class="b3">πτερω-τός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[belonging to plumage]] (Vp); 3. <b class="b3">-μα</b> n. [[plumage]] (A. fr., Pl. Phdr. a.o.; rather enlarged from [[πτερόν]] than from [[πτερόομαι]]); 4. <b class="b3">πτερό-της</b> f. [[winged condition]] (Arist.); 5. <b class="b3">πτέρ-ων</b> m. n. of an unknown bird (Com. Adesp.), <b class="b3">-νις</b> m. n. of a kind of hawk (Arist.); 6. <b class="b3">πτερ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also m. <b class="b3">ἐκ-συν-</b>, [[to get wings]], [[to become fledged]] resp. [[to feather]], [[to wing]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[feathering]], [[plumage]] (Ar., Arist. etc.). -- Beside it [[πτέρυξ]], <b class="b3">-υγος</b> f. [[wing]], like [[πτερόν]] often metaph. (Il.). Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">τανύ-πτερυξ</b> (Il.), also πτερόν <b class="b3">-πτέρυγ-ος</b> (Simon.) [[spreading the wings]]; extensively Sommer Nominalkomp. 70f. (cf. on [[τανύω]]). -- From [[πτέρυξ]] 1. dimin. <b class="b3">πτερύγ-ιον</b> n. des. of several winglike objects (Hp., Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[wing-like]] (Hp., Thphr.); 3. <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> [[provided with wings]] (Arist.); 4. <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. <b class="b2">poultry etc.</b> (late); 5. <b class="b3">πτερυγ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> a.o., [[to move the wings]] (Ar.); <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> meaning unclear (Lesb. lyr. resp. medic.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> πτερόν [[to lose the wings]] (Vett. Val.); <b class="b3">πτερ-ύσσω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o., [[to flap with the wings]] (Archil.[?], hell.), perhaps from [[πτερόν]]; cf. Schwyzer 725 w. lit.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*pet(h₂)-</b> [[fly]]<br />Etymology: Beside <b class="b3">πτερ-όν</b> stand on the one hand Arm. <b class="b2">t`er</b> [[side]], with lengthened vowel <b class="b2">t`i̇r</b> [[flight]], <b class="b2">t`r-čim</b>, aor. <b class="b2">t`r-eay</b> [[fly]], on the other Skt. <b class="b2">pátr-am</b> n. [[wing]], [[feather]], Lat. [[acci-piter]], <b class="b2">-tr-is</b> [[hawk]], Germ., e.g. OHG [[fedara]], OWNo. <b class="b2">fjǫðr</b> f. [[feather]]', all going back on IE <b class="b2">*pter-</b> resp. <b class="b2">*petr-</b> (the last also in <b class="b3">ὑποπετριδίων ὀνείρων</b> [[winged dreams]] [Alcm. 23, 49; cf. Kock ad loc.]?). The <b class="b2">r-</b>stem is still found in Hitt. [[patt-ar]] ([[pitt-ar]]?) n., to which with heteroclit. gen. pl. <b class="b2">-an-aš</b>; a continuation of the alternating <b class="b2">n-</b>stem a.o. in Lat. [[penna]] f. [[feather]], [[wing]] from <b class="b2">*pet-n-ā</b>. At the basis is the verb for [[fly]] in [[πέτομαι]], <b class="b3">πτέ-σθαι</b>, s. v. -- A disyllabic form is seen in Skt. <b class="b2">patar-á-</b> [[flying]], beside which <b class="b2">patár-u-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, which reminds of the <b class="b2">u-</b>stem in <b class="b3">πτέρ-υ-ξ</b>(?). As for -(<b class="b3">υ)γ-</b> no convincing example inside Greek can be found ([[ὄρτυξ]] and other birdnames are too far off), several connections have been suggested: Skt. <b class="b2">pataṅ-g-á-</b> [[flying]] (for <b class="b2">patan-</b> cf. <b class="b2">petn-</b> above; on [[g]] s. [[ἀστράγαλος]] [but this is Pre-Greek]), Av. <b class="b2">fra-ptǝrǝǰāt-</b> [[bird]] (analysis uncertain: from <b class="b2">*ptǝrǝ-g-</b> [[wing]]?), Lat. [[protervus]] [[turbulent]] (from <b class="b2">*pro-pterg-u̯os</b>?), OLFr. [[fetheracco]] gen. pl. [[alarum]]. -- Controversial is the connection with Slav. (OCS, Russ. etc.) <b class="b2">peró</b> n. [[feather]], which cannot be directly equated with [[πτερόν]] and perhaps rather belongs to Skt. <b class="b2">parṇám</b> n. [[wing]], [[feather]], [[leaf]] etc. After Petersson KZ 47, 272 [[πτερόν]] would be a cross of <b class="b3">*περόν</b> (= Slav. <b class="b2">peró</b>) and [[πτέρυξ]]. Here further Toch. B [[parwa]] pl. [[feathers]]; cf. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 194. -- Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 20f., Pok. 826, W.-Hofmann s. [[accipiter]], [[penna]], [[prōtervus]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">pataráḥ</b>, <b class="b2">pátram</b>, <b class="b2">parṇám</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">peró</b>; also Specht 216f. (much that is uncertain).