χαίρω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Il.7.191</span>, etc.; 3pl. imper. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> χαιρόντων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>575</span>: impf., Ep. χαῖρον <span class="bibl">Il.14.156</span>, Ion. χαίρεσκον <span class="bibl">18.259</span>: fut. χαιρήσω <span class="bibl">20.363</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.128</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>64</span>, <span class="bibl">And.1.101</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>5.20.6</span>; Ep. redupl. inf. κεχᾰρησέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.15.98</span>; later [[χᾰρῶ]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span> 11.10</span>: aor. ἐχαίρησα <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Luc.</span>25</span>: pf. κεχάρηκα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>764</span>, part. -ηκώς <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.42</span>, etc., Ep. acc. [[κεχᾰρηότα]], pl. <b class="b3">-ότας</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.7.312</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>77</span>:—Med. (in same sense), [[χαίρομαι]], noted as a barbarism in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>291</span> (v. Sch.), but found in <span class="title">BCH</span>36.622 (Perinthus, written <b class="b3">χέρ-</b>), <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.20</span>, al.: fut. [[χᾰρήσομαι]] Ps.-Luc.<span class="title">Philopatr.</span>24, (συγ-) <span class="bibl">Plb.30.18.1</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S. 31.15</span>; Dor. χαρησοῦμαι Pythag.<span class="title">Ep.</span>3.7; [[χᾰροῦμαι]] LXXZa.4.10, (κατα-) ib.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.26; Ep.κεχᾰρήσομαι <span class="bibl">Od.23.266</span>: aor. 1 part. χαιρησάμενος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>742 ii 3</span> (ii A. D.): Ep. aor.1 χήρατο <span class="bibl">Il.14.270</span>; ἐχ- <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>1.509</span>, etc.; part. χηράμενος <span class="title">AP</span>7.198 (Leon.): Ep. redupl. aor. 2, 3pl. κεχάροντο <span class="bibl">Il.16.600</span> (χάροντο <span class="bibl">Q.S.6.315</span>); opt. 3sg. and pl. <b class="b3">κεχάροιτο, -οίατο</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.249</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.256</span>:—Pass. (in same sense), aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἐχάρην [ᾰ]</b> <span class="bibl">7.54</span>, etc., Ep. 3sg. χάρη <span class="bibl">5.682</span>, <span class="bibl">13.609</span>; subj. χᾰρῇς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>606c</span>; opt. χᾰρείη <span class="bibl">Il.6.481</span>; inf. χᾰρῆναι <span class="bibl">Simon.164</span>; part. χᾰρείς <span class="bibl">Il.10.541</span>, Sapph.118, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>6(5).10</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>981</span> (lyr.), etc.; pf. κεχάρημαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Bacch.</span>7.10</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>200</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>389</span> (anap.); part. κεχαρμένος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1122</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>529</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>367</span> (lyr.): plpf. 3sg. and pl. <b class="b3">κεχάρητο, -ηντο</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>65</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>458</span>:—[[rejoice]], [[be glad]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.111</span>, <span class="bibl">21.347</span>, etc.; γραῦς ἥδε οἰνοφόρος κεχαρημένη ὧδε κάθηται <span class="title">IG</span>12(8).679 (Scyros, ii B. C.): χ. θυμῷ <span class="bibl">Il.7.191</span>, al.; ἐν θυμῷ <span class="bibl">24.491</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.22.411</span>; φρεσὶν ᾗσι <span class="bibl">Il.13.609</span>; φρένα <span class="bibl">6.481</span>; <b class="b3">χ. νόῳ</b> [[to rejoice]] in wardly, <span class="bibl">Od. 8.78</span>; χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ <span class="bibl">Il.23.647</span>; αὐτὰρ ἐμὸν κῆρ χ. <span class="bibl">Od.4.260</span>; χ. καὶ γελᾶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1300</span>; ἥδομαι καὶ χαίρομαι κεὐφραίνομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>291</span>; opp. [[λυπεῖσθαι]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>266.3</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>555</span>, etc.; opp. [[ἀλγεῖν]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1119</span>. —Constr., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> c. dat. rei, [[rejoice at]], [[take pleasure in]] a thing, νίκῃ <span class="bibl">Il.7.312</span>; φήμῃ <span class="bibl">Od.2.35</span>; δώρῳ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>358</span>; μόλπᾳ <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 25.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1070</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>238d</span>, etc.: c. dat. pers., χαῖρε . . ἀνδρὶ δικαίῳ <span class="bibl">Od.3.52</span>; with a part. added, χάρη δ' ἄρα οἱ προσιόντι <span class="bibl">Il.5.682</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.706</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.463</span>: with Preps., χαίρειν ἐπί τινι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>926</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>2.6.35</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.4.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>739d</span>, etc.; πρὸς τοῖς παιδικοῖς <span class="bibl">Eup.327</span>; with a part. added, ἐπ' ἐξεργασμένοις κακοῖσι χ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 1040</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1033</span>: rarely ἔν τινι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>996</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1119</span>: also c. dat. modi, <b class="b3">χ. γέλωτι</b> [[express one's joy]] by laughter, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.1.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of a plant, χαίρει ὑφάμμοις χωρίοις <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.5.2</span>; also ἡ κύστις χ. τῇ χολῇ Gal.19.646. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> rarely c. acc., with a part. added, χαίρω δέ σ' εὐτυχοῦντα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>390</span>; τοὺς γὰρ εὐσεβεῖς θεοὶ θνῄσκοντας οὐ χ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1340</span>; <b class="b3">χαίρω σ' &lt;ἐλθόντα</b>&gt; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>673</span> (this usage is said to be Oropian, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>808.4</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with a neut. Adj., ταὐτὰ λυπεῖσθαι καὶ ταὐτὰ χαίρειν τοῖς πολλοῖς <span class="bibl">D.18.292</span>: c. acc. cogn., ἁπλῆν χαίρειν ἡδονήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1154b26</span>; χ. ἀνδραπόδων τινὰ χαράν Plu.2.1091e. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. part., <b class="b3">χαίρω . . τὸν μῦθον ἀκούσας</b> [[I rejoice at]] having heard, [[am glad to]] hear, <span class="bibl">Il.19.185</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.54</span>, <span class="bibl">11.73</span>; χαίρουσιν βίοτον νήποινον ἔδοντες <span class="bibl">Od.14.377</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.380</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>55</span>; χαίρω . . κόμπον ἱείς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.49</span>; χαίρεις ὁρῶν φῶς, πατέρα δ' οὐ χαίρειν δοκεῖς; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 691</span>; χαίρω φειδόμενος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>247</span>; θωπευόμενος χαίρεις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1116</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>191e</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> c. part. pres., [[delight in]] doing, to [[be wont]] to do, χρεώμενοι χαίρουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.236</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>449</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span> 764</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>318d</span>, <span class="bibl">346c</span>, <span class="bibl">358a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">χαίρειν ὅττι</b> or [[ὅτι]]... <span class="bibl">Od.14.51</span>, <span class="bibl">526</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.46</span>; <b class="b3">ἐχάρην καὶ ἐθρασυνάμην ὅτι ἔμαθον</b> . . Metrod.<span class="title">Fr.</span>42; <b class="b3">χ. οὕνεκα</b> . . <span class="bibl">Od.8.200</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> with negat., esp. with fut., <b class="b3">οὐ χαιρήσεις</b> [[thou wilt]] or [[shalt]] not [[rejoice]], i.e. [[thou shalt]] not [[go unpunished]], [[shalt repent]] it, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>64</span>; οὐ χαιρήσετον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>235</span>; so οὐδέ τιν' οἴω Τρώων χαιρήσειν <span class="bibl">Il.20.363</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">15.98</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.249</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>186</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὣς Κῦρός</b> γε χαιρήσει <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.128</span>; with an interrog., σὺ . . χαιρήσειν νομίζεις; <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alex.</span>51</span>: rarely with other tenses, ὅπως ἂν μὴ χαίρωσιν. <span class="bibl">D.19.299</span>; οὐκ ἐχαίρησεν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Luc.</span>25</span>: for a similar use of the part., v. infr. IV. <span class="bibl">2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> freq. in imper. [[χαῖρε]], dual [[χαίρετον]], pl. [[χαίρετε]], as a form of greeting, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> at meeting, [[hail]], [[welcome]] (esp. in the morning, acc. to <span class="bibl">D.C.69.18</span>, cf. Luc.<span class="title">Laps.</span>), <span class="bibl">Il.9.197</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.229</span>, etc.; χαῖρε, ξεῖνε, παρ' ἄμμι φιλήσεαι <span class="bibl">1.123</span>; strengthened, οὖλέ τε, καὶ μάλα χαῖρε, θεοὶ δέ τοι ὄλβια δοῖεν <span class="bibl">24.402</span>; χαῖρέ μοι <span class="bibl">Il.23.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1137</span>; repeated, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>996</span>, <span class="bibl">1014</span> (both lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>91</span>, etc.; χαῖρ' ὡς μέγιστα, χαῖρε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>462</span>; in greeting one's native land, the sun, etc., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>508</span>,<span class="bibl">22</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1453</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> sometimes implied in the use of <b class="b3">χαίρω, κῆρυξ Ἀχαιῶν, χαῖρε</b> . . Answ. [[χαίρω]] I [[accept the greeting]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>538</span>; <b class="b3">νῦν πᾶσι χαίρω, νῦν με πᾶς ἀσπάζεται</b> I [[hear the word]] [[χαῖρε]] from all, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>596</span>: so in inf., <b class="b3">τὸ χαίρειν</b> dub. l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span> 164e</span>; <b class="b3">χαίρειν δὲ τὸν κήρυκα προὐννέπω</b> I bid him [[welcome]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>227</span>; προσειπών τινα χ. οὐκ ἀντιπροσερρήθη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.13.1</span>; but <b class="b3">χαίρειν τἄλλ' ἐγώ σ' ἐφίεμαι</b> I bid thee [[have thy pleasure]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>112</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> inf. alone at the beginning of letters, <b class="b3">Κῦρος Κυαζάρῃ χαίρειν</b> (sc. [[λέγει]]) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.14.1</span>; used by [[Alexander the Great]] to Phocion as a mark of respect, <span class="bibl">Duris 51J.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> at leavetaking, [[fare-thee-well]], <span class="bibl">Od.5.205</span>, <span class="bibl">13.59</span>, <span class="bibl">15.151</span>; χαῖρε πόλλ' ὦδελφέ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>164</span>; pl., χαίρετε πολλάκι <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.144</span>; freq. put into the mouth of the dying, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>863</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>921</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>116d</span>, etc.: hence in sepulchral inscriptions, <span class="title">IG</span>7.203, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> hence, imper. [[χαιρέτω]], [[χαιρόντων]], <b class="b2">have done with... away with</b>... εἴτ' ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος εἴτ' ἐστὶ δαίμων, χαιρέτω <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.96</span>; χαιρέτω βουλεύματα τὰ πρόσθεν <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>1044</span>, χαιρόντων πόνοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>575</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>199a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>636d</span>, <span class="bibl">886d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">ἐᾶν χαίρειν τινά</b> or τι [[dismiss from one's mind]], [[put away]], [[renounce]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.23</span>, <span class="bibl">9.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1187</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>63e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>348a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.3.23</span>, etc.; συχνὰ χ. ἐᾶν τινα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>59b</span>; ἐλευθερίαν μακρὰ χ. ἐᾶν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Apol.</span>3</span>; μακρὰ χ. εἰποῦσα <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>12.1</span>; πόλλα μοι τὰν Πωλυανάκτιδα παῖδα χαίρην Sapph.86; τὴν Κύπριν πόλλ' ἐγὼ χαίρειν λέγω <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>113</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1059</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>188a</span>; χ. κελεύων πολλὰ τοὺς Ἀχαρνέας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>200</span>; εἰπεῖν χαίρειν τινά <span class="title">Ath.Mitt.</span>56.131 (Milet., Hellenistic), cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>50</span>; χαίρειν προσαγορεύειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>322</span> (metaph. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>771a</span>); χαίρειν προσειπεῖν <span class="bibl">Eup.308</span>: less freq. c. dat. pers. (never with <b class="b3">ἐᾶν χ</b>.), πολλὰ χαίρειν ξυμφοραῖς καταξιῶ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>572</span> ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]][[ξυμφοράς]]) ; φράσαι . . χαίρειν Ἀθηναίοισι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>609</span> (troch.); πολλὰ εἰπόντα χ. τῷ ἀληθεῖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>272e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>64c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>406d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.1.31</span> (codd., fort. [[ἀλλήλους]]), Jul. [[ad Them]].255a. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> on other occasions, as in comforting, [[be of good cheer]], <span class="bibl">Od.8.408</span>; at meals, <span class="bibl">4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">18.122</span>; [[χαῖρε]], [[γύναι]], [[φιλότητι]] [[good luck be]] on our union, <span class="bibl">11.248</span>; εὐχωλῇς χαίρετε <span class="bibl">13.358</span>: χαῖρε ἀοιδῇ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>9.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> part. χαίρων [[glad]], [[joyful]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.446</span>, etc.; χαίροντα φίλην ἐς πατρίδ' ἔπεμπον εἰς Ἰθάκην <span class="bibl">Od.19.461</span>; χαίροντι φέρειν . . χαίρων <span class="bibl">17.83</span>; <b class="b3">λυπούμενοι καὶ χαίροντες</b> in sorrow and [[in joy]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1356a16</span>: also pf. part. κεχαρηκώς <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.27</span>,<span class="bibl">42</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> joined with another Verb, [[safe and sound]], [[with impunity]], <b class="b3">χαίροντα ἀπαλλάσσειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">69</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.106</span>, <span class="bibl">D.24.153</span>; more freq. with a neg., <b class="b3">οὐ χαίρων</b> [[to one's cost]], οὐ χαίροντες γέλωτα ἐμὲ θήσεσθε <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.29</span>; οὔ τι χαίρων . . ἐρεῖς <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>363</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>759</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1299</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>398</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>563</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>510d</span>; οὐ γὰπ . . χαίρων τις . . τοὐμὸν ἀλγυνεῖ κέαρ <span class="bibl">Eup.90</span>; οὔτε χαίροντες ἂν ἀπαλλάζαιτε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.32</span>; also οὔτι χαιρήσων γε σύ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>186</span>; cf. supr. ''ΙΙ''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in the same sense as imper. (supr. ''III''), <b class="b3">σὺ δέ μοι χαίρων ἀφίκοιο</b> [[fare]]-thee-[[well]], and may'st thou arrive, <span class="bibl">Od.15.128</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.163</span>; <b class="b3">χαίροισ' ἔρχεο</b> go thy way [[rejoicing]], <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>23.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἑρπέτω χαίρουσα</b> let her go [[with a benison]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>819</span>; <b class="b3">χαίρων ἴθι</b> [[fare]]-thee-[[well]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>813</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>921</span>; χαίρουσα . . στεῖχε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 1440</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> τὸ χαῖρον τῆς ψυχῆς Plu.2.136c, 1089e. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> Astrol., of a planet, occupy the position appropriate to another of its own [[αἵρεσις]], Serapio in <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>8(4).230, <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>51</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val. 63.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Man.2.348</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[háryati]] 'take pleasure in', Umbr. [[heriest]] 'will wish', Lat. [[horior]].) </span>

|ftr='''χαίρω''': {khaírō}<br />'''Forms''': Aor. [[χαρῆναι]] (seit Il.), redupl. κεχάροντο, -οιτο (Hom.). sigmat. [[χήρατο]] (Ξ 270), ἐχαίρησα (Plu.), χαιρησάμενος (Pap.II^p), Fut. χαιρήσω (seit Υ 363), [[χαρήσομαι]] (hell. u. sp.), dor. -ησοῦμαι (Pythag.), χαροῦμαι (LXX), redupl. κεχαρησέμεν (''O'' 98), -ήσεται (ψ 266), Perf. (m. Präs.-Bed.) Ptz. κεχαρηότα, -ότας (''H''312, Hes.''Fr''. 77), Ind. [[κεχάρηκα]] (Hdt., att.), κεχάρημαι (''h''. ''Bacah''. u.a.), Plpf. κεχάρητο, -ντο (Hes. ''Sc''., ''h''. ''Cer''.), κεχαρμένος (E.),<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[sich freuen]].<br />'''Composita''': auch m. ἐπι-, συν- u.a.,<br />'''Derivative''': Die hierhergehörigen Nomina zerfallen in zwei Gruppen, ja nachdem sie vom Verbalstamm oder vom Präsensstamm ausgehen. Für sich steht wegen der abweichenden Bedeutung [[χάρις]], ebenso [[χαροπός]]; s. unten. — A. Vom Verbalstamm: 1. [[χαρά]] f. [[Freude]] (Sapph., att.). 2. [[χάρμη]] f. [[Kampfesfreude]], [[Kampflust]] (Hom.), auch [[Kampf]] (Hom., Pi., Lyk.), [[Freude]] (Ps.-Phok.); [[χαρμόφρων]] [[kampflustig]], [[kampfbereit]] (''h''. ''Merc''.; Zumbach Neuerungen 20 f.), [[μενεχάρμης]], -ος [[im Kampf ausharrend]] (Il.), [[ἱππιοχάρμης]] [[einen Kampf zu Pferde bestehend]], [[Wagenkämpfer]] (Hom. u.a.; ἱππιο- für ἱππο- metr. bedingt). 3. [[χάρμα]] (ἐπι-, κατα-) n. [[Freude]], [[Vergnügen]], [[Gegenstand der Freude]], [[Ding]], [[woran man sich erfreut]] (ep. poet. seit Il., auch sp. Prosa; Gegensatz [[πῆμα]]). 4. [[χαρμονή]] f. [[Freude]], [[Lust]], [[Wonne]] (S., E., Pl., X. u.a.; wohl nach [[ἡδονή]], Wyss -σύνη 39 A. 1) mit -ικός (Prokl.). 5. [[χαρμοσύνη]] f. ib. (LXX u.a.), Adj. -συνος [[freudevoll]], -συνα n. pl. [[Freudenfest]] (Hdt. 3, 27 u.a.). 6. [[χαρτός]] [[erfreulich]], [[ergötzlich]] (Archil., att.), [[ἐπί]]- ~ ib., auch [[schadenfroh]] (att.), -[[χάρτης]] ib. (Kom. V^a); zu -χαρτος in PN, z.B. Δαμόχαρτος, Bechtel Namenst. 17f. 7. -χαρής von den präfigierten Verba (nach [[χαρῆναι]]): ἐπι-, περι-, προ-, [[ὑπερχαρής]] [[erfreuend]], [[freudenvoll]], [[entzückt]] (ion. att.); als Hinterglied unbeschränkt produktiv im Spätgriech., bes. in der poet. Sprache, z.B. ὁπλο-, [[μουσοχαρής]]; ebenso in PN, z.B. Θυμοχάρης, Χάρης, -ητος. — B. Vom Präsensstamm: 1. [[χαιρηδών]]; όνος f. kom.-parod. = [[χαρά]] (Ar. ''Ach''. 4, wie [[ἀλγηδών]]). 2. [[χαιροσύνη]] f. = [[χαρά]] (Epigr. Marathon II^p, H.). 3. [[χαιρητικός]] [[froh]], [[heiter]] (Vett. Val.). 4. [[χαιρετίζω]] ’[[χαῖρε]] (χαίρετε?) sagen, begrüßen’ mit -τισμός m. [[Begrüßung]], [[Aufwartung]] (Plb., [[LXX]] usw.); vgl. [[αἱρετίζω]]. 5. Als Vorderglied in PN, z.B. Χαιροκλῆς, [[Χαιρεκράτης]], wozu Kurznamen wie Χαιρύλος. 6. [[χαιρεκακέω]],-[[κακία]], -κακος selten und sp. für [[ἐπιχαιρεκακέω]] usw. [[schadenfroh sein]] (Arist., Kom. IV^a usw.; vgl. [[ἐπίχαρτος]] oben). — Für sich steht, unabhängig vom Verb, das [[substantive]] [[χάρις]], -ιτος, -ιν f. [[Reiz]], [[Anmut]], [[Gefallen]], [[Wohlgefallen]], [[Gunst]], [[Dankbarkeit]], [[Dank]], auch personifiz., bes. im Plur. [[die Chariten]] (seit Il.). Kompp., z.B. [[χαριδώτης]], dor. (Kyrene) -ας m. Beiwort des Hermes, des Dionysos, des Zeus (''h''. ''Hom''. u.a.), PN wie Χαριγένης, [[χαριτοβλέφαρος]] ‘mit anmutigen od. charitenähnlichen Augen(lidern)’ (Eub., att. Epigr.); [[ἄχαρις]] [[ohne Reiz]], [[unangenehm]], [[unerfreulich]] (Thgn., Sapph., Hdt., Trag. u.a.), auch [[ἀχάριτος]] ib. (Hdt., E. u.a.); in derselben Bed. (von [[χαρίζομαι]], s.u.) [[ἀχάριστος]] (seit θ 236, Komp. ἀχαρίστερος υ 392 für ἀχαριστότερος) mit -έω, -ία (att.); Gegensatz [[εὔχαρις]], -τος, -στος mit -έω, -ία, [[ἐπίχαρις]] [[reizvoll]], [[anmutig]] (att. seit A.). — Von [[χάρις]]: 1. [[χαρίεις]] [[reizvoll]], [[anmutig]] (seit Il.), [[χαριτόεις]] ib. (Anakr.), auch [[χάριτος]] = lat. ''gratus''? (Nysa I^a, Brief eines Prokonsuls). 2. [[χαρίσιος]] (-ι-) ‘von [[χάρις]] (den Chariten) begleitet, erfüllt’ (Arist., Kall.''Fr''. 193, sp.), auch als N. eines Kuchens (Kom.), nach [[ἀφροδίσιος]] u. a. 3. [[χαριτήσιον]] n. [[Dankopfer]] (sp.), [[Liebeszauber]] (''PMag''.), -ήσια n. pl. [[Fest zur Ehre der Chariten]] (böot.), nach [[φιλοτήσιος]] u.a. (vgl. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 152 A. 2), -ώσιος (Ibyk., rhegin., wie ἀνακώσιος u.a., Chantraine Form. 42). 4. [[χαριτία]] f. [[reizvoller Scherz]], [[Spaß]] (X. ''Kyr''. 2, 2, 13), Erweiterung auf -ία (Scheller Oxytonierung 38; voran geht εὐχάριτες). —Denom. Verba: 5. [[χαρίζομαι]] (-ίζω), auch m. ἀντι-, ἐπι-, κατα-, προσ- u.a., ‘jmdm. gefällig sein, Gefallen, Gunst, Dienst erweisen, gern spenden, geben’ (seit Il.) mit [[χάρισμα]] (εὐ-, ἀπο-) n. [[Gnadenerweisung]], [[Gnadengeschenk]] (sp.), -ισμός m. ib. (sp. u. selten), -ιστεῖον n. [[Dankopfer]] (Thera, Knidos), -ιστήριον n. ib. mit -ιστήριος [[zum Dankopfer gehörig]] (X., hell u. sp.), -ιστικός [[freigebig]] (Demokr., Aristeas u.a.). 6. χαριτόομαι, -όω [[begünstigt]], [[gesegnet werden]], [[begünstigen]], [[segnen]] (LXX, NT u.a.). — Für sich steht ebenfalls [[χαροπός]] Beiw. von Raubtieren, von Menschen, vom Meer usw., vorw. mit Beziehung auf die Augen und die kühle blaugraue Augenfarbe, etwa [[grimmig]], [[wild]], [[frostig]] (seit λ 611) mit -ότης f. (hell. u. sp.); auch (ἐπι-)[[χάροψ]] ib. (Opp., Pap. II^p). — Ausführlich über [[χαίρω]] mit Ableitungen, über [[χάρις]] und [[χαροπός]] bei Homer Latacz Zum Wortfeld "Freude" 20 ff. mit reicher Lit. und eingehender Diskussion.<br />'''Etymology''': Bei der etymologischen Beurteilung der obigen Wörter bleibt das semantisch und morphologisch unklare [[χαροπός]] besser außer Betracht (vgl. die Darlegung bei Latacz 38 ff.). Das für sich stehende [[χάρις]] gehört zu den sehr seltenen tiefstufigen ι-Stämmen wie [[ἄγυρις]], δάριν· σπιθαμήν H., [[ῥάχις]], die als Adv. gebrauchten [[ἅλις]] und [[πάλιν]] (vgl. [[χάριν]]), [[σπάνις]] (wohl νι-Suffix), neben denen das hochstufige [[ἔρις]], das dehnstufige [[δῆρις]] und die zahlreichen Fälle von ο-Abtönung wie [[πόρις]] (Solmsen Wortforsch. 155 ff.). Festen Boden betreten wir erst mit dem Jotpräsens [[χαίρω]], das sich nur im Ablaut von dem vermutlich hochstufigen aind. ''háryati'' [[Gefallen finden]], [[sich ergötzen]], [[sich freuen]], [[gern haben]] unterscheidet (*''ĝhr̥''-''i̯ō'': *''ĝher''-''i̯e''-''ti''). Auch im Italischen ist dieselbe Bildung erhalten, z.B. in umbr. 2. sg. Fut. ''heries'' [[volēs]], alat. ''horitur'' ‘treibt an. ermahnt’ (Enn., sonst das Intensivum ''hortātur'', ''hortor''); letzteres kann sogar mit [[χαίρω]] identisch sein, da die Ansetzung eines kausativen ''ĝhor''- (Ernout-Meillet; "wollen machen, Lust machen" [?] [W.-]Hofmann s.v.) nicht notwendig scheint; vgl. die ähnlichen Fälle bei Frisk Indogerm. 20ff. (Kl. Schr. 50ff.) anläßlich lat. ''iubeō''. — In den übrigen Sprachen finden sich mehrere hierhergehörige isolierte Nomina, namentlich im Germ., z.B. ahd. ''ger'' [[begehrend]], [[verlangend]] mit ''gerōn'' [[begehren]] und die weitverbreitete ''n''-Ableitung in ahd. ''gern'' [[begierig]], [[eifrig]], got. ''faihu''-''gairns'' ’[[φιλάργυρος]]’ u.a. mit dem Adv. ahd. ''gerno'' [[gerne]] usw. Dazu mit Dehnstufe (*''ĝhēr''-''i''-) arm. ''jir'' [[Gabe]], [[Gnade]], [[Gunst]], Adv. ''jri'' [[gratis]] (s. Hübschmann Arm. Gramm. 470 m. Lit.), mit Hochstufe aw. ''zara''- m. [[Streben]], [[Ziel]] (Bthl.), [[Huld]] (Humbach; wahrsch. < *''ĝhoros''). Die Heranziehung von toch. B ''kartse'', Akk. ''krent'' [[gut]] (aus *''ĝhr̥ti̯o''-: [[χαρτός]] bzw. ''ĝh''_e''rēnt''-: [[χαρείς]]? van Windekens Orbis 13, 232 f.) muß man in Anbetracht der Mehrdeutigkeit des toch. Wortes auf sich beruhen lassen. Weitere Formen (u.a. air. ''gor'' [[fromm]]) mit Lit. bei WP. 1, 600 f., Pok. 440 f. — Die Frage, ob auch einige Wörter für [[zürnen]] hier einzureihen sind, aind. ''háras''- n. [[Groll]], ''hr̥ṇīté'' [[zürnen]], aw. ''zar''- ib., wozu noch [[χαρά]]· ὀργὴ ἠ [[ὀργίλος]] H. (an unrichtiger Stelle; mit [[χαροπός]]?), läßt sich weder bejahen noch verneinen (Persson Beitr. 2, 729 A.1). Und die Zurückführung von [[χαίρω]] u. Verw. auf idg. ''ĝher''- [[greifen]] in aind. ''hárati'' [[bringen]], [[tragen]], [[holen]] usw. (s. [[χόρτος]]) bei Fraenkel Lexis 2, 190f. (ebenso Porzig Satzinhalte 353 für [[χάρις]]: *’Ergreifer’ > [[Reiz]]) gehört endgültig in die Nacht der Vorvergangenheit, wo alle semantischen Kühe schwarz sind. —Hierher aus dem Griech. wahrscheinlich noch εὐ-, [[δυσχερής]] (s.d.). Szemerényi Sprache 11, 15ff. (nach Ehrlich) will noch ἀχρεῖον (< *ἀχερεῖον) hinzufügen.<br />'''Page''' 2,1062-1065