σοφιστής: Difference between revisions

|Definition=οῦ, ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[master]] of one's [[craft]], [[adept]], [[expert]], of [[diviner]]s, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.49</span>; of [[poet]]s, μελέταν σοφισταῖς πρόσβαλον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Cratin.2</span>; of [[musician]]s, σοφιστὴς . . [[παραπαίων]] χέλυν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eup.447</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com. 140</span>; [[σοφιστῇ Θρῃκί]] (sc. [[Thamyris]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>924</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.14.632c</span>: with modal words added, οἱ σ. τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>11.1</span>; of the Creator of the universe (ὁ [[δημιουργός]]), πάνυ θαυμαστὸν λέγεις σοφιστήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>596d</span>; of [[cook]]s, εἰς τοὺς σ. τὸν μάγειρον ἐγγράφω <span class="bibl">Alex.149.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Euphro 1.11</span>; οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σοφισταί. [[skilled in]] . ., <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>13.9</span>: metaph., [[σοφιστής πημάτων]] [[deviser]], [[contriver]] of [[pain]]s, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>993</span>:—then, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[wise]], [[prudent]] or [[statesmanlike]] [[man]], in which sense the seven Sages are called [[σοφισταί]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.50</span>; of [[Pythagoras]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.95</span>; of natural [[philosopher]]s, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>20</span>; of [[Isocrates]] and [[Plato]], <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>25</span>; of the [[Βραχμᾶνες]], <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>6.16.5</span>, cf. [[γυμνοσοφισταί]]; freq. with a slightly iron. sense, ἵνα μάθῃ σ. ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">944</span>; ψυχή . . κρείσσων σοφιστοῦ παντὸς εὑρέτις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>921</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], [[μισῶ]] σοφιστὴν [[ὅτις]] οὐχ αὑτῷ [[σοφός]] = I hate the sage who [[reck]]s not his own [[rede]], I hate the sage who is not wise for himself, I [[hate]] the wise man who is not [[wise]] on his own <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 905</span>: of the philosophic [[sage]], Aristid.2.311 J. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> from late v B.C., a [[sophist]], i.e. one who gave [[lesson]]s in [[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [[politics]], [[mathematics]], for [[money]], such as [[Prodicus]], [[Gorgias]], [[Protagoras]], τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>13.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>31</span> <span class="bibl">3c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>271c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span> 186c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>85b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.148</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">SE</span>165a22</span>; σ. ἄχρηστοι καὶ βίου δεόμενοι <span class="bibl">Lys.33.3</span>; but sometimes even of [[Socrates]] (though he did not [[teach]] for [[money]]), <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.173</span>; so of Christ, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Peregr.</span>13</span>: hence (from the ill repute of the professed sophists at Athens), </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[sophist]] (in bad sense), [[quibbler]], [[cheat]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>331</span>,''IIII'', al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 268d</span>; γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζων <span class="bibl">D.18.276</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> later of the [[ῥήτωρ|ῥήτορες]], [[professor]]s of [[rhetoric]], and [[prose]] [[writer]]s of the Empire, such as [[Philostratus]] and [[Libanius]], Suid.; Ἀπολλωνίδῃ σοφιστῇ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span> 97</span> X <span class="bibl">18</span> (iv A.D.); freq. as a title in epitaphs, <span class="title">IG</span>3.625,637,680,775, 14.935.</span>