σοφία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. [[σοφίη]], ἡ, prop.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[cleverness]] or [[skill]] in [[handicraft]] and [[art]], as in [[carpentry]], <b class="b3">τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ σοφίης</b> Il.15.412; of the [[Telchines]], Pi.''O.''7.53; <b class="b3">ἡ ἔντεχνος σοφία</b>, of [[Hephaestus]] and [[Athena]], Pl.''Prt.''32 1d; of [[Daedalus]] and [[Palamedes]], X.''Mem.''4.2.33, cf. 1.4.2; in music and singing, <b class="b3">τέχνῃ καὶ σοφίᾳ</b> ''h.Merc.''483, cf. 511; in [[poetry]], Sol.13.52, Pi.''O.''1.117, Ar.''Ra.''882, X.''An.''1.2.8, etc.; in [[driving]], Pl. ''Thg.''123c; in medicine or surgery, Pi.''P.''3.54; in [[divination]], S.''OT'' 502 (lyr.); δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο Pl.''R.''406b; <b class="b3">σοφία δημηγορική, δικανική</b>, ib.365d; <b class="b3">ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου σοφία</b> Id.''Ion'' 542a; οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν Id.''Ap.''22b; σημαίνοντες τὴν σοφίαν.... ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν Arist.''EN''1141a12: rare in plural, Pi.''O.''9.107, Ar.''Ra.''676 (lyr.), ''IG''12.522 (vase, v B.C.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[skill]] in matters of common life. [[sound judgement]], [[intelligence]], [[practical wisdom]], etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like [[φρόνησις]], Thgn.790,876,1074, Hdt.1.30,60; <b class="b3">ἡ τῶν δεινῶν σοφία</b>, opp. [[ἀμαθία]], Pl.''Prt.''360d; <b class="b3">τὴν τότε καλουμένην σ., οὖσαν δὲ</b> δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Plu.''Them.''2; also, [[cunning]], [[shrewdness]], [[craft]], Hdt.1.68, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ σ</b>. Pi.''O.'' 9.38.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[learning]], [[wisdom]], μείζω τινὰ ἢ κατ' ἄνθρωπον σοφίαν σοφοί Pl.''Ap.''20e; opp. [[ἀμαθία]], ib.22e; freq. in E., e.g. μόρσιμα . . οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται ''Heracl.''615 (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία</b> (v. σοφός 1.3) ''Ba.''395 (lyr.), etc.; freq. in Arist., [[speculative wisdom]], EN 1141a19, ''Metaph.'' 982a2, 995b12 (pl.), 1059a18; defined as <b class="b3">θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη</b>, ''Stoic.''2.15; but also of [[natural]] [[philosophy]] and [[mathematics]], σ. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική Arist.''Metaph.''1005b1, cf. 1061b33.<br><span class="bld">4</span> among the Jews, ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου [[LXX]] ''Pr.''1.7, cf. ''Jb.''28.28, al.; [[Σοφία]], recognized first as an attribute of God, was later identified with the Spirit of God, cf. [[LXX]] ''Pr.''8 with ''Si.''24sq.<br><span class="bld">5</span> later as a title, <b class="b3">ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ὑμῶν σοφία</b>, ''POxy.''1165.6, ''PSI''7.790.14 (both vi A.D.).

|elrutext='''σοφία:''' эп.-ион. [[σοφίη]] ἡ<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[мастерство]], [[искусство]] (''[[sc.]]'' τέκτονος Hom.): σ. [[δημηγορική]] Plat. искусство убеждения; οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει Plat. не искусством, а в силу врожденного дара; ἡ σ. ἐν ταῖς τέχναις Arst. мастерство в области искусств;<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[сметливость]], [[изворотливость]], [[ловкость]] (σοφίᾳ, μὴ βίᾳ τῶν κρεισσόνων Eur.): σοφίῃ [[χρᾶσθαι]] Her. пускать в ход хитрость;<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[разумность]], [[рассудительность]], [[житейская мудрость]], [[практический ум]] Her.: ἡ περὶ τὸν βίον σ. Plat. житейский ум;<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[ученость]], [[просвещенность]], [[знание]] (ἡ σ. καὶ [[ἀμαθία]] τινός Plat.);<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[наука]]: [[ἔστι]] δὲ σ. τις ἡ [[φυσική]] Arst. естествознание есть некая наука; ἡ [[σοφία]] περὶ ἀρχάς Arst. наука о первоначалах, т. е. философия;<br /><b class="num">6</b> (высшая) [[мудрость]], [[философское знание]], т. е. [[философия]] (ἡ σ. περί τινας αἰτίας καὶ ἀρχάς ἐστιν [[ἐπιστήμη]] Arst.).