τοι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=prop. ethical dative of [[σύ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), but used as an enclit. Particle,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[let me tell you]], [[mark you]], [[look you]] (in Engl. we freq. convey the impression by means of emphasis or tone), implying a real or imagined audience, freq. in Hom. and always in speeches (exc. ὃς δή τοι Il.10.316, Od.20.289), αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μένειν κτλ. Il.2.298; ἀλλ' ἐφομαρτεῖτε· πλεόνων δέ τοι ἔργον ἄμεινον 12.412 codd.; <b class="b3">τοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέουσα ἔπος.. εἶμι</b> [[surely]] I will go, 1.419; <b class="b3">ταύτης τοι γενεῆς.. εὔχομαι εἶναι</b> (recapitulating) 6.211 (so at the close of a narrative, Theoc. 11.80); <b class="b3">οὗτός τοι.. ἀπὸ στρατοῦ ἔρχεται ἀνήρ</b> here comes, [[look you]]... Il.10.341 (vulg., οὗτός τις Aristarch., etc.); freq. it is hard to distinct from the Ep. dat., as in ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ οἴχονται; 13.219; so in Hes.''Op.'' 287 (addressed to Perses),347,719, cf. Emp.17.14 (addressed to Pausanias), Pi.''P.''2.72 (addressed to Hiero), al.; and so in Trag. dialogue, A.''Eu.''729, etc.; σέτοι κικλήσκω S.''OC''1578 (lyr.); between chorus and actor, Id.''Ph.''855 (lyr.), etc.; followed by a plural, Tyrt.10.11 (cf. 13); so ἄρσενάς τοι τῆσδε γῆς οἰκήτορας εὑρήσετε A.''Supp.''952: hence, as addressed to an imaginary audience, without personal reference, introducing a general sentiment or maxim, Thgn.153; τὸ συγγενές τοι δεινόν A.''Pr.''39, al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in subordinate clauses,<br><span class="bld">1</span> temporal and causal, ἐπεί τοι ''h.Merc.''138, Pi.''I.''2.45, S.''Tr.''321; freq. ἐπεί τοι καί E.''Med.''677, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''933, Pl.''Tht.''142b, etc.; ὅτι τοι Id.''R.''343a.<br><span class="bld">2</span> conditional, <b class="b3">εἴ τοι... ἐὰν δέ τοι</b>... [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''549,551, ''Ant.''327; in apodosi, εἰ γὰρ κτενοῦμεν... σύ τοι πρώτη θάνοις ἄν Id.''El.''582, cf. Il.22.488.<br><span class="bld">3</span> final, ὅπως.. τοι S.''El.''1469, cf. Hp.''Morb.''2.33.<br><span class="bld">III</span> freq. combined with other Particles, ἀλλά τοι Thgn.656, Pi.''P.''3.19, etc.; ἀλλὰ.. τοι A.''Pers.''795, ''Ag.''1304, etc.; <b class="b3">γάρ τοι</b> (γάρ A. 11.9); <b class="b3">γέ τοι</b> (γε 1.5); [[ἤτοι]], [[καίτοι]] (v. sub vv.); <b class="b3">μέν τοι</b> (μέν B. 11.4); <b class="b3">μή τοι, οὔ τοι</b>; cf. also <b class="b3">τοιγάρ, τοιγάρτοι, τοιγαροῦν, τοίνυν</b>; so in <b class="b3">τοι ἄρα, τοι ἆρα</b>, which however are mostly contracted by crasis into <b class="b3">τἆρα</b>; as also <b class="b3">τοι ἄν</b> into <b class="b3">τἄν, μέντοι ἄν</b> into [[μεντἄν]].<br><span class="bld">B</span> Position: τοι usually stands early in the sentence (or clause), e.g. Ζεύς ἐστιν αἰθήρ, Ζεὺς δὲ γῆ, Ζεὺς δ' οὐρανός, Ζεύς τοι τὰ πάντα A.''Fr.''70, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> hence τοι is sometimes placed between Art. and Subst. or Adj., or between Prep. and Subst., τό τ. μέγιστον Pl.''Sph.''261c; ἐπί τ. Ἀκράγαντι Pi.''O.''2.90, cf. Ar.''Ec.''972, etc.; also after Prep. in compd. Verb, ἔκ τ. πέπληγμαι E.''Hipp.''934, cf. ''Or.''1047, Ar.''V.''784.<br><span class="bld">3</span> τοι repeated, σύ τ. σύ τ. κατηξίωσας S.''Ph.''1095 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">τοι</span>, Dor., Aeol., Ion., and Ep. dat. sg. of [[σύ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]).