οὖν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. and Dor. [[ὦν]] (the latter in Pi.''P.''3.82, al., but [[οὖν]] in Hom. (v. infr.), B.18.29,37, Cerc.4.18, al.), Adv.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[certainly]], [[in fact]], confirming something, freq. in contrast with something which is not confirmed, in Hom. only in combination with γε (v. [[γοῦν]]) <b class="b3">, γάρ, οὔτε</b> or <b class="b3">μήτε, ὡς, ἐπεί, μέν</b>, etc.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[really]], <b class="b3">φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι… Κρονίωνα</b> for I declare that Zeus did [[really]] promise... Il.2.350, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 309b; <b class="b3">τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα... ὄφρ'</b> for we followed them up to the [[very]] point, where... Il.11.754, cf. 15.232, Od.2.123; εἰ δ' οὖν τις ἀκτὶς ἡλίου νιν ἱστορεῖ… ζῶντα A.''Ag.''676, cf. 1042; <b class="b3">ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ' ὦν</b> but they [[really]] were spoken, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.80, cf. 4.5, 6.82; <b class="b3">Θηβαῖοι μὲν ταῦτα λέγουσι... Πλαταιῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι... ἐκ δ' οὖν τῆς γῆς ἀνεχώρησαν</b> [[at all events]] they [[did]] return, Th.2.5, cf. 1.63, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 315e; σωτηρίαν λεπτὴν μὲν... μόνην δ' οὖν Id.''Lg.''699b; so <b class="b3">δ' οὖν</b> [[after a parenthesis]]; <b class="b3">εἰ δή τις ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔχει,—οὐκ ἀξιῶ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγε,—εἰ δ' οὖν</b> but if he is so, Id.''Ap.''34d, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.76, Th.1.3; so <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν… γε</b> but [[at all events]], S.''Ant.''84, ''Ph.''1305; <b class="b3">ἔμπης οὖν ἐπιμεῖναι ἐς αὔριον</b> to stay nevertheless [[at least]] till tomorrow, Od.11.351; [[οὖν]] concessive, [[I grant you]], τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε S.''Ph.''305: in apodosi after [[εἰ]] or <b class="b3">ἐάν, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀλλ' ὦν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις</b>… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.140, cf.9.48, E.''Ph.''498, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 91b, etc.: after [[ἐπεί]] and <b class="b3">ὡς, ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον</b> but now that I have (emphat.) once spoken up, Od.14.467, cf. 17.226, Il.18.333; <b class="b3">Τληπόλεμος δ', ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ, αὐτίκα… κατέκτα</b> [[when once]], i.e. as soon as, he had grown up, 2.661, cf. 15.363, 16.394, al.; <b class="b3">νεβροί, αἵ τ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον… ἑστᾶσ'</b> which, [[as soon as]] they are tired, stand still, 4.244; to indicate that something foreshadowed has [[actually]] occurred, ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς... οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν 1.57, cf. 3.340, al.: sometimes [[οὖν]] after [[ἐπεί]] or [[ὡς]] has either no force or approaches signf. ''ΙΙ'' or ''III'', οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνου Od.16.478, cf. 19.213, 251, al.; τὸν δ' ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε Il.3.21, al.; <b class="b3">οὔτ' οὖν... οὔτε.</b>. or <b class="b3">οὔτε... οὔτ' οὖν</b>… both = neither… nor, but preferred according as the first or second clause is to be marked by emphasis, cf. 17.20, Od.2.200, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.26, with Od. 11.198sq., [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''90, 271, etc.; so <b class="b3">εἰ... εἴτ' οὖν</b>… if... or if... [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]'' 140; <b class="b3">εἴτ' οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήσεται</b> whether it shall be so, or no, Id.''Heracl.''149, cf. A.''Ag.''491, S.''El.''560; <b class="b3">ξεῖνος αἴτ' ὦν ἀστός</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">αἴτε ξ. αἴτ' ὦν ἀ.</b>, Pi.''P.''4.78; and doubled, εἴτ' οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ' οὖν ψεῦδος Pl. ''Ap.''34e, cf. A.''Ch.''683: so also in parenth. Relat. clauses, <b class="b3">ἢ σῖγ', ἀτίμως, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀπώλετο πατήρ</b> [[even]] as, [[just]] as, ib.96, cf. 888, E.''Hipp.'' 1307 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεός</b> if he is, as he [[in fact]] is, a god, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''242e; οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαι Id.''Ap.''21d: for <b class="b3">γὰρ οὖν</b>, v. [[γάρ]] A. 11.5; for <b class="b3">μὲν οὖν</b>, v. [[μέν]] B. 11.2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> added to indef. Prons. and Advbs., like Lat. [[cunque]], [[ὅστις]] [[whoever]], [[ὁστισοῦν]] [[whosoever]]; [[ὅπως]] [[how]], [[ὁπωσοῦν]] [[howsoever]]; <b class="b3">ἄλλος ὁστισοῦν</b> another, [[be he who he may]]; so <b class="b3">ὁποιοσοῦν, ὁποιοστισοῦν, ὁποσοσοῦν, ὁπωσδηποτοῦν, ὁπητιοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν</b>, etc., v. sub vocc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> to continue a narrative, [[so]], [[then]], καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν… θῆκαν Od.13.122; <b class="b3">ὅτ' οὖν</b> since, [[then]],... S.''Ant.''170, ''El.''38, 1318; <b class="b3">ζεῖ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ</b>… [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''251c, cf. ''Prt.''322b; εὐθὺς οὖν ὁ Κῦρος εἶπεν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.1.22: in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] and Att., <b class="b3">μὲν οὖν</b> ([[quod vide|q.v.]]) is very common in this sense; so δ' οὖν A.''Ag.''34, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''114; [[οὖν]] is also used alone merely to resume after a parenth. or long protasis, [[well]], [[as I was saying]], <b class="b3">ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ... ὑμεας γὰρ πυνθάνομαι προεστάναι...—ὑμέας ὦν… προσκαλέομαι</b>… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.69, cf. 4.75, Th.2.16, Pl.''Ap.''29d, ''Smp.''201d, etc.: [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] so uses [[ὦν]] after a short protasis, 1.144, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὦν]] is freq. inserted by [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] (sts. without any discernible meaning) between the Prep. and its Verb (but only, it seems, in narrative with the aor., which is always the aor. of habitual action exc. in 2.172), <b class="b3">ἐπεὰν δὲ ταῦτα ποιήσωσι, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν</b> ib.87; <b class="b3">καὶ ἔπειτα ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν</b> ib.88: after a part., <b class="b3">οἱ δὲ φέροντες ἐς τὴν ἀγορήν, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδοντο</b> ib.39; <b class="b3">κατευξάμενοι, κοιλίην μὲν κείνην πᾶσαν ἐξ ὦν εἶλον</b> ib.40; <b class="b3">ἤν τις ψαύσῃ... αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόν</b> ib.47; <b class="b3">τοῦτον κατ' ὦν κόψας</b> ib.172; so in Hp., δι' οὖν ἐφθάρησαν ''Morb.''1.14 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), al.; also ἐπ' ὦν ἐπίομες οἶνον Epich.124.3: this tmesis is rare in Att., ὥστε γε καὐτόν σε κατ' οὖν ἔβαλεν Ar.''Ra.''1047; but occurs in later writers, Dorieus ap. Phylarch.3 J., ''AP''12.226 (Strat.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> in inferences, [[then]], [[therefore]], not in Hom., rare in A., and usually in questions (v. infr.); in a statement, ''Eu.''219; very common from [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] downwds.; so <b class="b3">καὶ σὺ οὖν</b> you too [[therefore]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 4.1.20; καὶ γὰρ οὖν Id.''An.''1.9.8; cf. <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ οὖν, τοιγαροῦν</b>: strengthened, δὴ οὖν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 191c, etc.; οὖν δή Id.''R.''340e: in questions, τίς οὖν ὁ λύσων σ' ἐστίν; [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''771, cf. S.''Tr.''1191, Ar.''Pl.''906, 909, etc.; ἆρ' οὖν δή; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''146a; τί οὖν δή; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''873 (lyr.), [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 57a.