πόλις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> Ep. also [[πτόλις]] (found sometimes in Trag. etc., v. [[πτόλις]]), ἡ: Ep. forms, acc. sg. πόληα Hes.''Sc.''105, Call.''Aet.Oxy.''2080.62; gen. [[πόλιος]] or [[πτόλιος]], Il.2.811, 4.514, al., πόληος 16.395, al. (also Thgn.757), πόλεος Il.21.567; dat. πόλει 5.686, al., πτόλεϊ 17.152, πόληϊ 3.50 (also Tyrt.12.15): pl., nom. πόλιες Od.15.412, πόληες Il.4.45; gen. πολίων 1.125, al.; dat. πολίεσσι Od.21.252; acc. πόλεις Il.2.648, al., πόληας Od.17.486, Call.''Fr.''9.70 P.(scanned ''IG''12.826), [[πόλιας]] (disyll.) Od.8.560,574, (trisyll.) Il.4.308 (s.v.l., πόλεας Aristarch.): Ion. forms, gen. πόλεως ''IG''12(8).356 (Thasos), ''GDI''5653a13 (Chios), etc., also Xenoph.2.9,22, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Thgn.1043; written πόλειως ''GDI''5532.19 (Zeleia); [[πόλεος]] ib.5339.41 (Orop.), ''IG''12(7).103 (Amorgos), Thgn. 776, etc., πόλιος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.26, al., Herod.2.8, al., πόληος Thgn. (v. supr.), cj. in Hippon.47, cf. ''An.Ox.''1.361; dat. mostly [[πόλει]], but πόλῑ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 2.60, al., πόληϊ (or -ῃ) ''SIG''169.3 (lasos, iv B.C.): pl., usually [[πόλεις]], [[πόλεων]], [[πόλεσι]], but in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] πόλιες 1.142, al., [[πολίων]] ib.6, al., πόλισι ib. 151, al.; acc. πόλῑς 2.177,al., πόλιας 1.142, 2.102, al.: Dor. gen. sg. πόλιος ''SIG''615.3 (Delph., ii B.C.); dat. sg. πόλι ''IG''4.839 (Calaurea, iv B.C.); dat. pl. πολίεσι Pi.''P.''7.8; [[πολίεσσι]] Foed.Lac. ap. Th.5.77 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[πολίεσι]]), 79, ''IG''42(1).74.4 (Epid., iii B.C.); Cret. πόλιθι ''GDI''5019.3: Aeol. gen. πόλιος ''IG''12(2).526a8 ([[πόληος]] is an Epicism in Alc. ''Supp.''17.6); gen. pl. πολίων ''IG''11(4).1064b20; dat. pl. πολίεσσι ib. 12(2).1.6: Trag., gen. πόλεως disyll. (as also in Com., exc. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]'' 763), thrice πόλεος [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''1167 (lyr.), [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''162, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''897:—Att. Inscrr. earlier than 350 B.C. sometimes have dat. sg. [[πόλῃ]], ''IG''12.108.35,22.17.10,42.5, 53.7; Att. dual πόλη Isoc.8.116, [[πόλη]] or πόλει Aeschin. Socr.8 (where Choerob. cites both forms, ''in Theod.''1.314, 136 H.); gen. τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.73: Elean nom. sg. πόλερ ''Schwyzer''425.16; gen. [[πόλιορ]] ib.20 (iii/ii B.C.):—[[city]], Hom. ll.cc., Hes.''Sc.''270, etc.; πόλις [[ἄκρη]], [[ἀκροτάτη]], = [[ἀκρόπολις]], the [[citadel]], Il.6.88, 20.52; which at Athens also was in early times called simply [[πόλις]], while the rest of the [[city]] was called ἄστυ, καλεῖται . . ἡ [[ἀκρόπολις]] μέχρι τοῦδε ἔτι ὑπ' Ἀθηναίων πόλις Th.2.15; [[ἐν πόλει]] in treaties, Id.5.23,47, cf. ''IG''12.372.1, Ar. ''Lys.''245,758; ἐς πόλιν ''IG''12.91.4; πρὸς πόλιν Ar.''Lys.''288 (lyr.); ἐκ πόλεως Id.''Eq.''1093; but ἐν τῇ πόλει X.''An.''7.1.27, dub. in Antipho 6.39; so [[Ἰνάχου πόλις]] = the [[citadel]] of [[Argos]], E.''Fr.''228.6; of the [[Cadmea]] at [[Thebes]], Plu.''Pel.''18, cf. Str.8.6.8; of [[Alexandria]], Eust.239.13; [[πόλις ἡ ἁγία]], of [[Jerusalem]], [[LXX]] ''Ne.''11.1: with the name of the city added in gen., [[Ἰλίου πόλις]], [[Ἄργους πόλις]], the [[city]] of . ., [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''29, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''813; also in appos., ἡ Μένδη πόλις Th.4.130; ἡ πόλις οἱ Ταρσοί X.''An.''1.2.26.<br><span class="bld">2</span> one's [[city]] or [[country]], πόθι τοι πόλις ἠδὲ τοκῆες; Od.1.170, etc., cf. πόλιν· τὴν χώραν, [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]<br><span class="bld">3</span> ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς πόλεως = [[city]] [[governor]], ''OGI''113.3,134.2, al.(Cyprus, ii B.C.), Plb.5.39.3: without Art., ἐπὶ πόλιος ''IG''7.2809.2 (Hyettus, iii B.C.), etc.; [[ἐπὶ πόλεως]] ib.299.1 (Oropus. iii B.C.); στρατηγὸς πόλεως ''OGI''743 (Ptol.); στρατηγὸς τῆς πόλεως ''BGU''729.1 (ii A.D.); [[στρατηγὸς κατὰ πόλιν]] = Lat. [[praetor urbanus]], IG14.951.2 (Rome, i B.C.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[country]], as dependent on and called after its city, ἀνθρώπων οἳ τήνδε πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν ἔχουσιν Od.6.177, cf. Hes.''Sc.''380, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]'' 1533. etc.; especially of [[island]]s peopled by men, Λῆμνον πόλιν Θόαντος Il.14.230; [[πόλις Αἴαντος]], = [[Σαλαμίς]], Pi.''I.''5(4).48, etc.; περιρρύτας πόλεις A.''Eu.''77, cf. E. ''Ion''294, Ar.''Pax''251 (v. Sch.); also [[διώχληκε]] πόλεις πολλὰς... Σικελίαν, Ἰταλίαν, Πελοπόννησον, Θετταλίαν κτλ. Lys.6.6, cf. Str.8.3.31.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[community]] or [[body of citizens]] (opp. [[ἄστυ]], their dwellings, Il.17.144, but in δῆμός τε [[πόλις]] τε Od.11.14, πόλις denotes the [[town]]), ὧν πόλις [[ἀνάριθμος]] ὄλλυται [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''179(lyr.): hence,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[state]] or [[community]], ξύμπασα πόλις κακοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἀπηύρα Hes.''Op.''240, cf. Pi.''P.''2.88, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''22, E.''Ph.''947, etc.; πόλις ἄνδρα διδάσκει Simon.67; esp. [[free state]], [[republic]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''738 (cf. 734), [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.2.28, Arist.''Pol.''1276a23; τὰ τῆς πόλεως [[state affairs]], [[government]], Pl.''Prt.''319a; πόλις ἡ γενῶν καὶ κωμῶν [[κοινωνία]] ζωῆς τελείας καὶ αὐτάρκους Arist.''Pol.''1280b40; τὴν πόλιν [[φεύγειν]] [[shun]] one's [[public duties]], D.45.66; [[assembly of citizens]], Berl.Sitzb.1927.8 (Locr., v B. C.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[rights of citizenship]], Ar.''Ra.''718, D.21.106.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[πόλιν παίζειν]], a [[game]] resembling [[backgammon]], Cratin.56, perhaps alluded to in Pl.''R.''422e. (Cf. Skt. pūr, Lith. pilìs 'fortrees'.)