tribunus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>trĭbūnus</b>: i, m. [[tribus]], [[prop]]. the [[chief]] of a [[tribe]]; [[hence]], in gen.,<br /><b>I</b> a [[chieftain]], [[commander]], [[tribune]].<br /><b>I</b> Tribuni aerarii, paymasters, [[who]] assisted the quaestors, [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 7, 10, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.; Fest. p. 2 ib.; called also tribuni aeris, Plin. 33, 2, 7, § 31. By the Lex Aurelia these tribuni aerarii were made judges on the [[part]] of the [[people]]: (Milonem) tribuni aerarii condemnarunt, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 6; id. Cat. 4, 7, 15: a tribunis aerariis [[absolutus]], id. ib. 2, 16, 3; cf. in a [[pun]] [[with]] aerati ([[rich]]), id. Att. 1, 16, 8. This [[judicial]] [[office]] [[was]] taken from [[them]] by [[Julius]] Cæsar, Suet. Caes. 41.—<br /><b>II</b> Tribuni Celerum, captains or commanders of the [[Celeres]], Liv. 1, 59, 7; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 15; Weissenb. ad Liv. 1, 15, 8. —<br /><b>III</b> Tribuni militares or militum, tribunes of the soldiers, [[military]] tribunes; these were officers of the [[army]], [[six]] to [[each]] [[legion]], [[who]] commanded in [[turn]], [[each]] [[two]] months at a [[time]]: qui M. Aemilio legati et praefecti et tribuni militares fuerunt, Cic. Clu. 36, 99; so, militares, Plin. 34, 3, 6, § 11; cf. in <[[number]] opt="n">[[sing]].</[[number]]>: cum [[tribunus]] [[militaris]] depugnavi [[apud]] Thermopylas, Cic. Sen. 10, 32: a tribunis militum, praefectis reliquisque, qui, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so, militum, id. ib. 3, 7; cf. in <[[number]] opt="n">[[sing]].</[[number]]>: [[tribunus]] militum, id. ib. 3, 5; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2: tribuni cohortium, Caes. B. C. 2, 20.—Sing.: Stilonius [[Priscus]] qui [[tribunus]] cohortis, sub Classico fuerat, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 18; cf.: [[tribunus]] [[minor]], Veg. Mil. 2, 7; and [[tribunus]] legionis, Val. Max. 3, 2, 20.—<br /> Tribuni militum consulari potestate, [[military]] tribunes [[with]] [[consular]] [[power]]; these were the [[highest]] officers of the State from A.U.C. 310 to A.U.C. 388. They were [[chosen]] from the [[patrician]] and [[plebeian]] orders, and were at [[first]] [[three]], [[then]] [[six]], and, [[after]] the [[year]] 352, [[eight]] in [[number]], Liv. 4, 6, 8; 4, 7, 1; 5, 1, 2; called tribuni consulares, id. 8, 33; Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 136 sq.—<br /> Tribuni [[plebis]], and [[more]] freq. [[simply]] tribuni, tribunes of the [[people]], whose [[office]] it [[was]] to [[defend]] the rights and interests of the Roman plebeians [[against]] the encroachments of the patricians, Liv. 2, 33, 2; 2, 56, 3 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58 sq.; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16; cf. Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 247 sq.; Lange, Antiq. 1, 1, p. 592 sq., and the authorities cited by [[both]].