κάλαμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[κᾰ], ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[reed]], used for thatching or wattling, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.101</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Th.2.76</span>; for wreaths, κ. λευκός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1006</span> (anap.); for bedding, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>16</span>; for fuel, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>85</span> (iii B.C.); various species, <b class="b3">κ. εὐώδης, ἀρωματικός</b>, <b class="b2">sweet flag, Acorus Calamus</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.8.4</span>, <span class="bibl">9.7.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Od.</span>33</span>, Dsc.1.18; <b class="b3">κ. αὐλητικός</b> <b class="b2">pole-reed, Arundo Donax</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.11.1</span>, <span class="bibl">9</span>; <b class="b3">κ. εἰλετίας</b> [[marram]], [[Ammophila arundinacea]], ib.<span class="bibl">13</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἐπίγειος</b> <b class="b2">bush-grass, Calamagrostis epigeios</b>, ibid.; <b class="b3">κ. Ἰνδικός</b> [[bamboo]], [[Bambusa arundinacea]], ibid., Dsc.5.92, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.191.11</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="title">Gp.</span>2.6.23, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.98</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Ἰνδικὸς ὁ ἄρρην</b> <b class="b2">male bamboo, Dendrocalamus strictus</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.11.13</span>; <b class="b3">κ. κύπριος</b>, = [[δόναξ]], Asclep. ap.Gal.12.414; <b class="b3">κ. πλόκιμος</b> <b class="b2">spear-grass, Phragmites communis</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.11.1</span>; <b class="b3">κ. Χαρακίας</b>, <b class="b2">Arundo Donax</b>, ibid. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> applied to various uses, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">reed-pipe, flute</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).84</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>5.38</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">El.</span>702</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>1126</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">fishing-rod</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc. 21.43</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>27.9</span>; κ. ἁλιευτικός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>693a23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[limed]] [[twig]] used by fowlers, <span class="bibl">Bion<span class="title">Fr.</span>10.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Aesop.171</span>, <span class="bibl">296</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[shaft]] of an arrow, Ptol.<span class="title">Alm.</span>7.5; made of <b class="b3">κ. τοξικός</b>, or <b class="b3">Κρητικός</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.11.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">reed-pen</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>44(45).1</span>, <span class="title">3 Ep.Jo.</span>13, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dem.</span>29</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>38</span>; κάλαμοι γραφικοί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGrenf.</span>2.38.7</span> (i B.C.); κ. γραφεῖς <span class="bibl">Poll.10.61</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">measuring-rod</b>, Apoc.11.1, al.: hence, a definite measure, <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).61.50 (Daulis, ii A.D.); = 5 <b class="b3">πήχεις</b>, Hero <b class="b2">*Geom</b>.4.11; = 6 2/3 <b class="b3">πήχεις</b>, ib.23.13. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> Medic., [[tube]] for insufflation, <span class="bibl">Aret. <span class="title">CA</span>1.9</span>, Asclep. ap. Gal.12.985; for fumigation, Dsc.<span class="title">Eup.</span>1.56; for extraction, <span class="bibl">Cels.7.5.2</span>; also, [[splint]], Pall.<b class="b2">in Hp.Fract</b>.<span class="bibl">12.282</span> C. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> ornament of female dress, <span class="title">AP</span>6.292 (Hedyl.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> [[stake]] to which vines were tied, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>369.4</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>3.125b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> collectively, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[reed]], i.e. [[reeds]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>359b1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>742.2</span> (i B.C.), etc.: in pl., <b class="b2">reed-beds</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.71.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of plants, which are neither shrub nor bush (ὕλη), nor tree (δένδρον), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">mat of reeds</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>372b</span>; <b class="b2">roof of reeds</b> (Coan), Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> = [[καλάμη]], [[stalk]] of wheat, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>18.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ὁ κ. τοῦ σκέλους</b> the [[shinbone]], Sch.Luc.<span class="title">VH</span>1.23. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> [[ticket]] for obtaining corn-rations, = <b class="b2">tessera frumentaria</b>, Gloss. (Cf. Lat. [[culmus]], OHG. [[halm]], etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[reed]], often metaph. of objects made of reed, <b class="b2">flute of reed, fishing rod, writing teed</b> etc. (h. Merc. 47 [cf. Zumbach Neuerungen 5], Pi., IA.); on the botanical meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 100f.<br />Compounds: Several compp., esp. in the botan. terminology (Strömberg Theophrastea 112), z. B. <b class="b3">μονο-κάλαμος</b> <b class="b2">with single stalk</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">καλαμη-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">with reed</b> (X. HG 2, 1, 2; v. l. <b class="b2">-o-</b>; cf. Schwyzer 526), <b class="b3">καλαμη-τόμος</b> <b class="b2">cutting off stalks</b> (A. R.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">καλάμη</b> f. <b class="b2">stalk or straw</b> (Hom., Hdt., X., Arist.).- Diminut. <b class="b3">καλαμίσκος</b> (Ar., medic.), <b class="b3">καλάμιον</b> (pap. ); <b class="b3">καλαμίς</b> f. name of several objects made of reed (hell.; cf. Chantraine Formation 342f.); <b class="b3">καλαμία</b> (<b class="b3">-εία</b>) [[reed]] (pap.; collective); <b class="b3">καλαμών</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (lit. pap.); <b class="b3">καλαμάριον</b> <b class="b2">reed-case</b> (pap.). - <b class="b3">καλαμεύς</b> [[fisher]] (Pankrat. ap. Ath.; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 75); also <b class="b3">καλαμευτής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP; as if from <b class="b3">*καλαμεύω</b>, cf. Chantraine 318); <b class="b3">καλαμίτης</b> <b class="b2">with κάλαμος etc.</b> (D.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 81f.). - <b class="b3">καλάμινος</b> <b class="b2">made of reed</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">καλαμόεις</b> <b class="b2">of reed</b> (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">καλαμώδης</b> <b class="b2">full of reed, reed-like</b> (Arist., Thphr.), <b class="b3">καλαμικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap.). - <b class="b3">καλαμόω</b> <b class="b2">provide with reed, bind (a bone) with reed</b> (Gal.) with <b class="b3">καλαμωτή</b> <b class="b2">fence of r.</b> (Eust.,H.); <b class="b3">καλαμίζω</b> <b class="b2">blow a reed-flute</b> (Ath.). - From <b class="b3">καλάμη</b> : <b class="b3">καλαμαία</b> f. kind of grasshopper (Theoc. 10, 18), <b class="b3">καλαμαῖον</b> n. kind of cicade (Paus. Gr., H.) cf. Gil Emerita 25, 315f.; cf. Georgacas Glotta 31, 216), <b class="b3">καλαμάομαι</b> <b class="b2">collect grain-stalks, gather ears (of corn) </b> (Kratin., LXX, Plu.) with <b class="b3">καλάμημα</b> (Thd.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [612] <b class="b2">*kolh₂-m-</b> [[reed]], [[straw]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[reed]], [[straw]] wit forms in Latin ([[culmus]] ), in Germanic, e. g. OHG [[halm]], in Baltic and Slavic, e. g. OPr. [[salme]] [[straw]], Latv. [[salms]] , Russ. <b class="b2">solóma</b>, Serb. <b class="b2">slȁma</b> . All forms except <b class="b3">κάλαμος</b>, <b class="b3">-μη</b> can go back to IE. <b class="b2">*ḱolh₂mo-</b>, <b class="b2">ḱolh₂mā-</b>; therefore <b class="b3">κάλαμος</b> has been explained from <b class="b3">*κόλαμος</b> (cf. <b class="b3">ποταμός</b>, <b class="b3">πλόκ-αμος</b>), through assimilation; but note on <b class="b3">-μος</b>, <b class="b3">-μη</b> Porzig Satzinhalte 283f. But the form may have been <b class="b2">*klh₂-em-</b>. - From <b class="b3">κάλαμος</b> Lat. [[calamus]] (s. Ernout-Meillet) like Skt. <b class="b2">kaláma-</b> <b class="b2">writing reed</b>, and Arab. [[qalam]] > Osman. <b class="b2">kalém</b> > NGr. <b class="b3">καλέμι</b> (Maidhof Glotta 10, 11). - More forms in W.-Hofmann s. [[culmus]], [[calamus]], Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">solóma</b>, Pok. 612.