κρίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῑ], Ep. 3sg. ind. <b class="b3">κρίνησι</b> (δια-) f.l. in <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.46</span>: fut. <b class="b3">κρῐνῶ</b>, Ep., Ion. <b class="b3">κρῐνέω</b> (δια-) <span class="bibl">Il.2.387</span>: aor. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔκρῑνα <span class="bibl">Od.18.264</span>, etc.: pf.κέκρῐκα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>734c</span>, etc.:—Med., fut. κρῐνοῦμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>609</span>, but in pass. sense, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>521e</span>: aor. ἐκρῑνάμην <span class="bibl">Il.9.521</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. κρῐθήσομαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>677</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.37</span>, etc.: aor. <b class="b3">ἐκρίθην [ῐ</b>] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.7</span>, etc.; 3pl. κρίθεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>4.168</span>, ἔκριθεν <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1462</span>; Ep.opt. <b class="b3">κρινθεῖτε</b> (δια-) <span class="bibl">Il.3.102</span>, part. κρινθείς <span class="bibl">13.129</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.48</span>, inf. κρινθήμεναι <span class="bibl">A.R.2.148</span>: pf. κέκρῐμαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.30</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.35</span>, etc.; inf. <b class="b3">κεκρίσθαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο</b>-) <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Men.</span>75c</span>:—Aeol. κρίννω dub.in <span class="title">IG</span>12(2).278 (Mytil.): aor. <b class="b3">ἔκριννε</b> ib. 6.28(Mytil., ἐπ-); inf. <b class="b3">κρίνναι</b> ib.526b15:—Thess. pres. inf. κρεννέμεν ib.9(2).517.14 (Larissa):—[[separate]], [[put asunder]], [[distinguish]], ὅτε τε ξανθὴ Δημήτηρ κρίνῃ… καρπόν τε καὶ ἄχνας <span class="bibl">Il.5.501</span>, etc.; κρῖν' ἄνδρας κατὰ φῦλα <span class="bibl">2.362</span>. cf. <span class="bibl">446</span>; ἥλιος ἠὼ καὶ δύσιν ἔκρινεν <span class="bibl">Emp.154.1</span>; κ. τὸ ἀληθές τε καὶ μή <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>150b</span>; τούς τε ἀγαθοὺς καὶ τοὺς κακούς <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.1.9</span>, etc.:—also Med., ἀντία δ' ἐκρίναντο δέμας καὶ σήματ' ἔθεντο χωρὶς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων <span class="bibl">Parm.8.55</span>:—Pass., κρινόμενον πῦρ <span class="bibl">Emp.62.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[pick out]], [[choose]], ἐν δ' ἐρέτας ἔκρινεν ἐείκοσιν <span class="bibl">Il.1.309</span>; ἐκ Λυκίης… φῶτας ἀρίστους <span class="bibl">6.188</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.4.666</span>, <span class="bibl">9.90</span>, <span class="bibl">195</span>, <span class="bibl">14.217</span>, etc.; κ. τινὰ ἐκ πάντων <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.129</span>; κρίνασα δ' ἀστῶν… τὰ βέλτατα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>487</span>; δίδωμί σοι κρίναντι χρῆσθαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>641</span>, etc.:—Med., <b class="b3">κρίνασθαι ἀρίστους</b> [[to choose]] the best, <span class="bibl">Il.9.521</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.193</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.408</span>, <span class="bibl">530</span>, etc.:—Pass., [[to be chosen out]], [[distinguished]], ἵνα τε κρίνονται ἄριστοι <span class="bibl">24.507</span>; esp.in partt., <b class="b3">κεκριμένος</b> [[picked out]], [[chosen]], <span class="bibl">Il.10.417</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.182</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.31</span>; κρινθείς <span class="bibl">Il.13.129</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.48</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρετᾷ κριθείς</b> [[distinguished for]]... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.7</span>; <b class="b3">κριθέντων ἐν τοῖς ἱερέοις</b> <b class="b2">approved…</b>, <span class="title">GDI</span>2049.15 (Delph.); <b class="b3">ἀσπίδα… κεκριμένην ὕδατι καὶ πολέμῳ</b> [[proved]] by sea and land, <span class="title">AP</span>9.42 (Leon.); <b class="b3">ἐν ζῶσι κεκριμένα</b> [[numbered]] among... cj. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>969</span> (lyr.); εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους κριθείς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[decide]] disputes, κρίνων νείκεα πολλά <span class="bibl">Od.12.440</span>; ἔκριναν μέγα νεῖκος… πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">18.264</span>: c.acc. cogn., <b class="b3">οἳ… σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας</b> [[judge]] crooked judgements, <span class="bibl">Il.16.387</span>; κ. δίκας <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.129</span>; κρῖνε δ' εὐθεῖαν δίκην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>433</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρώτας δίκας κρίνοντες αἵματος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">682</span>; <b class="b3">κρινεῖ δὲ δὴ τίς ταῦτα</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>805</span>; κ. κρίσιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 36o</span>e; ἄριστα κ. <span class="bibl">Th.6.39</span>; <b class="b3">κρίνουσι βοῇ καὶ οὐ ψήφῳ</b> [[they decide the question]]... <span class="bibl">Id.1.87</span>; μίσει πλέον ἢ δίκῃ κ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.67</span>; τὸ δίκαιον κ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.14.10</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ τοῦτο κρίνεις</b>; by what [[do you form]] this [[judgement]]? <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 48</span>; κ. περί τινος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>35d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1391b9</span>, etc.:— Pass., ἀγὼν κριθήσεται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>677</span>; <b class="b3">κἂν ἰσόψηφος κριθῇ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡ δίκη</b>) ib. <span class="bibl">741</span>: impers., <b class="b3">κριθησόμενον</b> [[a decision being about to be taken]], <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span> 3.9.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[decide]] a contest, e.g. for a prize, ἀγῶνα κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>873</span>; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>414</span>: c. acc. pers., <b class="b3">κ. τὰς θεάς</b> [[decide]] their [[contest]], i.e. [[judge]] them, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>72</span>:—Pass., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>601</span>(lyr.); αἱ μάχαι κρίνονται ταῖς ψυχαῖς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.19</span>:—Med. and Pass., of persons, [[have]] a contest [[decided]], [[come to issue]], κρινώμεθ' Ἄρηϊ <span class="bibl">Il.2.385</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">18.209</span>; ὁπότε μνηστῆρσι καὶ ἡμῖν… μένος κρίνηται Ἄρηος <span class="bibl">Od.16.269</span>; βίηφι κ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>882</span>; [[dispute]], [[contend]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>66</span>; περὶ ἀρετῆς <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.120</span>; οὐ κρινοῦμαι… σοι τὰ πλείονα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>609</span>; δίκῃ περί τινος κρίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.4.122</span>; <b class="b3">κρίνεσθαι μετά τινος</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jd.</span>8.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jb.</span>9.3</span>; πολλαῖς μάχαις κριθείς <span class="bibl">Nic.Dam.20</span> J.; [[compete]] in games, c. acc. cogn., κριθέντα Πύθια <span class="title">JRS</span>3.295 (Antioch. Pisid.): pf. part., [[decided]], [[clear]], [[strong]], κεκριμένος οὖρος <span class="bibl">Il.14.19</span>; <b class="b3">πόνοι κεκρ</b>. [[decided]], [[ended]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[win]] a battle, τὴν μάχην Ἀννίβας ἔκρινε <span class="bibl">Plb.3.117.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[adjudge]], κράτος τινί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>443</span>:—Pass., τοῖς οὔτε νόστος… κρίθη <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.84</span>; τὰ κριθησόμενα [[the sum adjudged to be paid]], PLips.38.13 (iv A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> abs., [[judge]], [[give judgement]], ἄκουσον… καὶ κρῖνον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>473</span>; ἀδίκως κ. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.96</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>287</span>, <span class="bibl">576</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> Medic., [[bring to a crisis]], τὸ θερμὸν φίλιόν [ἐστι] καὶ κρῖνον <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>5.22</span>; κ. τὰ νοσήματα Gal.<span class="title">Nat. Fac.</span>1.13, al.:—Pass., of a sick person, [[come to a crisis]], ἐκρίθη εἰκοσταῖος <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>1.15</span> (also impers. in Act., <b class="b3">ἔκρινε τούτοισιν ἑνδεκαταίοισιν</b> [[the crisis came]]... ib.<span class="bibl">18</span>); τοῦ πάθους κριθέντος <span class="bibl">D.S.19.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[judge of]], [[estimate]], <b class="b3">πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων [αὐτόν</b>] [[judging of]] him by myself, <span class="bibl">D.21.154</span>; πρὸς ἀργύριον τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν κ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.76</span>:—Pass., ἴσον παρ' ἐμοὶ κέκριται <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.α'; εὔνοιακαιρῷ κρίνεται <span class="bibl">Men.691</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[expound]], [[interpret]] in a particular way, τὸ ἐνύπνιον ταύτῃ ἔκριναν <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.120</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.19</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>485</span>, etc.:—in Med., ὁ γέρων ἐκρίνατ' ὀνείρους <span class="bibl">Il. 5.150</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> c. acc. et inf., [[decide]] or [[judge that]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.30</span>, <span class="bibl">214</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>17o</span>d, etc.; κρίνω σὲ νικᾶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>903</span>; so, with the inf. omitted, ἀνδρῶν πρῶτον κ. τινά <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>34</span>; Ἔρωτα δ' ὅστις μὴ θεὸν κρίνει μέγαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>269</span>; τὴν πόλιν ἀθλιωτάτην ἔκρινας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>578b</span>; ἐκ τῶν λόγων μὴ κρῖνε… σοφόν <span class="bibl">Philem.228</span>:—Pass., Ἑλλήνων ἕνα κριθέντ' ἄριστον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1345</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[decide in favour of]], [[prefer]], [[choose]], κρίνω δ' ἄφθονον ὄλβον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>47</span>&lt;*&gt;, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>396</span> (both lyr.); τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς τύχης πάρος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>724</span>; τινὰ πρό τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>399e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>57e</span>; τι πρός τι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>110a</span> (Pass.); εἴ σφε κρίνειεν Πάρις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>928</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 1103</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>1155</span>; [[choose between]], δύ' ἔσθ' ἃ κρῖναι τὸν γαμεῖν μέλλοντα δεῖ, ἤτοι προσηνῆ γ' ὄψιν ἢ χρηστὸν τρόπον <span class="bibl">Men.584</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> c.inf.only, [[determine]] to do a thing, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>42.37</span>(ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Tit.</span>3.12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>2.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ζῆν μεθ' ὧν κρίνῃ τις ἄν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ζῆν</b>) with whom he [[chooses]] to live, <span class="bibl">Men.506</span>; but τὸ βιάζεσθαι οὐκ ἔκρινε <span class="bibl">D.S.15.32</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> [[form a judgement of]] a thing, μὴ κρῖν' ὁρῶν τὸ κάλλος <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>333</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in Trag., [[question]], αὐτὸν… ἅπας λεὼς κρίνει παραστάς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>195</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ νιν πρὸς βίαν κρίνειν θέλοις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">388</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ κρῖνε κἀξέλεγχ</b>' <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>399</span>; μὴ κρῖνε, μὴ 'ξέταζε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>586</span>; σέ τοι, σὲ κρίνω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1445</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[bring to trial]], [[accuse]], <span class="bibl">D.2.29</span>, <span class="bibl">18.15</span>, <span class="bibl">19.233</span>; <b class="b3">κ. θανάτου</b> [[judge]] (in matters) of life and death, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.14</span>; κ. τινὰ προδοσίας <span class="bibl">Lycurg.113</span>; περὶ προδοσίας <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.129</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τινὰ κακώσεως ἐπαρχίας</b>, Lat. [[repetundarum]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span> 4</span>:—Pass., to [[be brought to trial]], <span class="bibl">Th.6.29</span>; <b class="b3">θανάτου</b> (<b class="b3">δίκῃ</b> add. cod. B) <span class="bibl">Id.3.57</span>; Λεωκράτους τοῦ κρινομένου <span class="bibl">Lycurg.1</span>; <b class="b3">κρίνομαι πρὸς Σωφρόνην</b>; <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>529</span>; τρὶς κρίνεται παρ' ὑμῖν περὶ θανάτου <span class="bibl">D.4.47</span>; ἐκρίνετο τὴν περὶ Ὠρωποῦ κρίσιν θανάτου <span class="bibl">Id.21.64</span>: c. gen. criminis, κρίνεσθαι δώρων <span class="bibl">Lys.27.3</span>: κ. ἐπ' ἀδικήματι Plu.2.241e: abs., ὁ κεκριμένος <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.159</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[pass sentence upon]], [[condemn]], <span class="bibl">D.19.232</span>:— Pass., to [[be judged]], [[condemned]], κακούργου… ἐστι κριθέντ' ἀποθανεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.4.47</span>; μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>7.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κεκριμένα</b> [[the judgement]] of a court, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>76.8</span> (ii A. D.). (<b class="b3">κρῐ-ν</b>-[[y]]<b class="b3">ω ἐ-κρῐ-ν-σα</b>, cf. Lat. [[cerno]] (from *<b class="b2">crǐ-n-), crībrum</b> (from *[[crei-dhrom]]).)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">separate, choose, select, decide, judge, condemn, accuse, apply</b> (Il.); <b class="b3">ὑπο-κρίνομαι</b> [[aswer]] (Il.), <b class="b2">on the stage answer (the choir), be actor</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> κρίνω [[answer]] (Att.).<br />Other forms: (Thess. <b class="b3">κρεννέμεν</b>), aor. <b class="b3">κρῖναι</b> (Lesb. <b class="b3">κρίνναι</b>), pass. <b class="b3">κριθῆναι</b> (ep. also <b class="b3">κρινθήμεναι</b>; metr. easy, s. Schwyzer 761, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404), perf. midd. <b class="b3">κέκριμαι</b>, act. <b class="b3">κέκρικα</b> (Pl. Lg.), fut. <b class="b3">κρινῶ</b>, ep. Ion. <b class="b3">κρινέω</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-ίω</b>.<br />Compounds: very often with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> etc..<br />Derivatives: 1. (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-</b> etc.) <b class="b3">κρίσις</b> <b class="b2">decision, judgement, tribunal etc.</b> (Pi., IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 103 f.) with <b class="b3">κρίσιμος</b> [[decisive]], [[critical]] (Hp., Arist.; Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 53f.), <b class="b3">ἀποκρισιά-ριος</b> [[secretary]] (pap. VIp). - 2. (<b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">σύν-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-)κρίμα</b> <b class="b2">decision etc.</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">κρῖμα</b> = <b class="b3">κρεῖμα</b> (A. Supp. 397; s. below); <b class="b3">σύγκριμα</b> [[body formed by combining]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">συγκριμάτιον</b> [[small body]] (M. Ant.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> (Gal.). - 3. (<b class="b3">ἀν-)κριτήρ</b> [[judge]], [[examiner]] (Dor.), <b class="b3">κριντήρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Gortyn), <b class="b3">κριτής</b> [[judge]], [[arbiter]] (Ion. Att.), often from the prefixcompp., e.g.<b class="b3">ὑποκριτής</b> <b class="b2">actor etc.</b> (Att.; Else WienStud. 72, 75ff.); <b class="b3">κριτήριον</b> <b class="b2">(decisive) mark, tribunal</b> (Att., Arg.), <b class="b3">ἐπι</b>-̃ [[court of justice]] (Creta) ; <b class="b3">ἐγκριτήριος</b> [[for admission]] (Corinth IIp); further see <b class="b3">κριτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-τής</b>, <b class="b3">-τήριον</b> in Fraenkel Nom. ag. [s. Index]. - 4. <b class="b3">κριτός</b> <b class="b2">selected, </b> (Il.; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 21) with <b class="b3">Κρίτων</b>, <b class="b3">Κρίτυλλα</b> (Leumann Glotta 32, 225 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 250 A. 2); <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">σύγ-κριτος</b> etc. (IA.); (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b> )<b class="b3">κριτικός</b> [[of the κρίσις]] (Pl., Arist.). - 5. <b class="b3">-κριδόν</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">διακριδόν</b> [[separated]] (Il.), <b class="b3">διακριδά</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Opp.). - 6. On <b class="b3">κρίμνον</b> s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [945] <b class="b2">*krei-</b>separate, distinguish<br />Etymology: The present <b class="b3">κρίνω</b> from <b class="b3">*κριν-ι̯ω</b> (unlessinnovated to the aorist <b class="b3">κρῖναι</b>; Schwyzer 694) has a nasal suffix, which originally belonged only to the present, but was later extended; as in <b class="b3">κλίνω</b>. - To the nasal present Latin and Celtic have agreements in <b class="b2">cer-n-ō</b> [[select]], [[discern]] (< <b class="b2">*kri-n-ō</b>), Welsh [[go-grynu]] [[sieve]] (< IE. <b class="b2">*upo-kri-n-ō</b>). Also the verbal adj. <b class="b3">κριτός</b> has a direct agreement in Lat. [[certus]] [[decided]], [[certain]]; further the languages behave diff.: the lengthened grade in (<b class="b2">dē)crē-v-ī</b>, <b class="b2">ex-crē-mentum</b> [[separation]] perh. in the isolated <b class="b3">κρησέρα</b> [[feines Sieb]] (s. v.; improbable). The Greek paradigm results from large-scale levelling; only Att. <b class="b3">κρῖμα</b> for older <b class="b3">κρεῖμα</b> (after <b class="b3">κρίνω</b>, <b class="b3">κρῖναι</b>) = Lat. <b class="b2">dis-crī-men</b> still has the full grade preserved (Wackernagel Unt. 76 n. 1, Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133 ff.). - The numerous nominal formations, esp. in Latin, Celtic and Germanic (e. g. Lat. [[crībrum]] [[sieve]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[hrains]] [[pure]], prop. [[sieved]]), learn nothing for Greek. Details in Pok. 946, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[cernō]].